Antibody-Based Biopharmaceuticals: A Brief Overview of Monoclonal Antibodies and Antibody–Drug Conjugates

Duygu Erdoğan; Elçin Çağatay; Hülya Ayar Kayalı

Antibody-Based Biopharmaceuticals: A Brief Overview of Monoclonal Antibodies and Antibody–Drug Conjugates

Abstract

Biopharmaceuticals have transformed modern medicine by enabling highly specific and targeted therapeutic interventions for a wide range of diseases, including cancer, autoimmune disorders, infectious diseases, and genetic conditions. Advances in recombinant DNA technology, protein engineering, and biotechnology have expanded the development of complex biological products with improved efficacy and safety profiles compared with many conventional small-molecule drugs. Among these products, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) have emerged as two of the most successful and rapidly evolving therapeutic modalities. Monoclonal antibodies provide selective target recognition and have become integral components of treatment strategies across multiple disease areas, whereas ADCs combine the specificity of antibodies with the potent cytotoxic activity of small-molecule payloads to enhance therapeutic precision. This review provides a focused overview of biopharmaceuticals, with particular emphasis on the structural characteristics, mechanisms of action, clinical applications, and approved products of mAbs and ADCs. In addition, key challenges associated with their development, characterization, and quality control are briefly discussed. Collectively, these therapeutics continue to play a pivotal role in modern medicine and represent an important direction for future biopharmaceutical innovation.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Protein Trafficking, Biochemistry and Cell Biology (Other)

Journal Section

Review

Authors

Duygu Erdoğan This is me
0000-0002-4930-7017
Türkiye

Elçin Çağatay This is me
0000-0003-3128-6323
Türkiye

Hülya Ayar Kayalı ^*
0000-0003-0246-1866
Türkiye

Publication Date

June 25, 2026

Submission Date

June 14, 2026

Acceptance Date

June 22, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 2 Number: 1

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA95MF85DK

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Erdoğan, D., Çağatay, E., & Ayar Kayalı, H. (2026). Antibody-Based Biopharmaceuticals: A Brief Overview of Monoclonal Antibodies and Antibody–Drug Conjugates. Smyrna Journal of Natural and Data Sciences, 2(1), 40-50. https://izlik.org/JA95MF85DK

AMA

1.Erdoğan D, Çağatay E, Ayar Kayalı H. Antibody-Based Biopharmaceuticals: A Brief Overview of Monoclonal Antibodies and Antibody–Drug Conjugates. Smyrna Journal of Natural and Data Sciences. 2026;2(1):40-50. https://izlik.org/JA95MF85DK

Chicago

Erdoğan, Duygu, Elçin Çağatay, and Hülya Ayar Kayalı. 2026. “Antibody-Based Biopharmaceuticals: A Brief Overview of Monoclonal Antibodies and Antibody–Drug Conjugates”. Smyrna Journal of Natural and Data Sciences 2 (1): 40-50. https://izlik.org/JA95MF85DK.

EndNote

Erdoğan D, Çağatay E, Ayar Kayalı H (June 1, 2026) Antibody-Based Biopharmaceuticals: A Brief Overview of Monoclonal Antibodies and Antibody–Drug Conjugates. Smyrna Journal of Natural and Data Sciences 2 1 40–50.

IEEE

[1]D. Erdoğan, E. Çağatay, and H. Ayar Kayalı, “Antibody-Based Biopharmaceuticals: A Brief Overview of Monoclonal Antibodies and Antibody–Drug Conjugates”, Smyrna Journal of Natural and Data Sciences, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 40–50, June 2026, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA95MF85DK

ISNAD

Erdoğan, Duygu - Çağatay, Elçin - Ayar Kayalı, Hülya. “Antibody-Based Biopharmaceuticals: A Brief Overview of Monoclonal Antibodies and Antibody–Drug Conjugates”. Smyrna Journal of Natural and Data Sciences 2/1 (June 1, 2026): 40-50. https://izlik.org/JA95MF85DK.

JAMA

1.Erdoğan D, Çağatay E, Ayar Kayalı H. Antibody-Based Biopharmaceuticals: A Brief Overview of Monoclonal Antibodies and Antibody–Drug Conjugates. Smyrna Journal of Natural and Data Sciences. 2026;2:40–50.

MLA

Erdoğan, Duygu, et al. “Antibody-Based Biopharmaceuticals: A Brief Overview of Monoclonal Antibodies and Antibody–Drug Conjugates”. Smyrna Journal of Natural and Data Sciences, vol. 2, no. 1, June 2026, pp. 40-50, https://izlik.org/JA95MF85DK.

Vancouver

1.Duygu Erdoğan, Elçin Çağatay, Hülya Ayar Kayalı. Antibody-Based Biopharmaceuticals: A Brief Overview of Monoclonal Antibodies and Antibody–Drug Conjugates. Smyrna Journal of Natural and Data Sciences [Internet]. 2026 Jun. 1;2(1):40-5. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA95MF85DK