skad Sosyal ve Kültürel Araştırmalar Dergisi (SKAD) 2149-2778 2667-4718 Sakarya Üniversitesi 10.25306/skad.1440060 Political Sociology Social Theory Contemporary Mediterranean History Siyaset Sosyolojisi Sosyal Teori Çağdaş Akdeniz Tarihi Citizenship of Algerians During the French Colonial Period Between 1865 to 1919 1865-1919 Yılları Arasında Fransız Sömürge Döneminde Cezayirlilerin Vatandaşlığı https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0122-0526 Gündoğdu Badra Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi 06 30 2024 10 20 39 49 02 20 2024 06 15 2024 Copyright © 2015, Sosyal ve Kültürel Araştırmalar Dergisi (SKAD) 2015 Sosyal ve Kültürel Araştırmalar Dergisi (SKAD)

This study seeks to shed light on the issue of Algerian citizenship during the French colonial period between 1865 and 1919. And on the practices of the French administration in the context of its colonial policy of granting Algerians the status of French citizens and naturalizing them with French nationality under a series of unjust laws starting with the Senatus Consult Act of 1865 and the Crémieux Decree of 1870, passing through the People's Law of 1871, and ending with the Law of 4 February 1919 and the so-called reforms it introduced. Where all these laws were considered unfair to the Algerians (the indigenous population) were at the service of the colonial administration and brought no good to the Algerian people, the owners of the land, who rejected the policies of colonialism, colonization, oppression, and resistance for a free and independent Algeria.This study aims to show that the French colonial administration made promises to Algerians by granting them French citizenship and granting them civil and political rights, but these promises were always conditional on a set of conditions accompanying Muslim Algerians leaving their Islam. This is an attempt by France to assimilate Algerians completely into the French entity and to eliminate everything that is Algerian, Islamic and Arab.

This study seeks to shed light on the issue of Algerian citizenship during the French colonial period between 1865 and 1919. And on the practices of the French administration in the context of its colonial policy of granting Algerians the status of French citizens and naturalizing them with French nationality under a series of unjust laws starting with the Senatus Consult Act of 1865 and the Crémieux Decree of 1870, passing through the People's Law of 1871, and ending with the Law of 4 February 1919 and the so-called reforms it introduced. Where all these laws were considered unfair to the Algerians (the indigenous population) were at the service of the colonial administration and brought no good to the Algerian people, the owners of the land, who rejected the policies of colonialism, colonization, oppression, and resistance for a free and independent Algeria.This study aims to show that the French colonial administration made promises to Algerians by granting them French citizenship and granting them civil and political rights, but these promises were always conditional on a set of conditions accompanying Muslim Algerians leaving their Islam. This is an attempt by France to assimilate Algerians completely into the French entity and to eliminate everything that is Algerian, Islamic and Arab.

 Citizenship French Subjects Indigenous Senatus Consult Law Naturalisation. Vatandaşlık Fransız Tebaası Yerel Halk Senatus Consult Yasası Uyrukluk No Yok Abul-Hassan, F. (2021). “Islam and the Politics of French Identity and the Development of Political Discourses”. King Faisal Centre for Research and Islamic Studies, 7-18. Ayoun, R. (1988). Le decrets cremieux et l’insurrection de 1871 en Algerie, Revue d’histoire moderne, contemporaine, 61-87. Ben Tami, R. & Merah, E. H. (2019). The Problem of Citizenship in Contemporary Algeria. Journal of Social Sciences, (1), 27-42. Boujemaa, A. (2016). The Conditions of Algeria at the Beginning of the 20th Century. Journal of the College of Basic Education for Educational and Human Sciences, (28), 162-174. Bousquet, G. H. (1953). How the natives of Algeria became French citizens: The international and comparative law quarterly, 2(4), 596-605. Brown, H. (2018). French colonialism in Algeria: War Legacy and Memory, [Unpublished doctoral thesis.]. Daifallah, A. (1995). The Political Organization in Algeria (1945-1962), [Unpublished doctoral thesis.]. Ghabrial, S. (2007). The Making of the Non-Citizen: From Subjects to Immigrants in the French-Algerian Transpolitical Space". Immigration, Minorities and Multiculturalism in Democracies Conference, 1-54. Graid, S. (2015). The problem of establishing a culture of citizenship in Algerian society, a sociological approach". International Forum: Philosophy and the stakes of contemporary Arab society, 1-20. Kanoun, H. (2012). French colonization and confiscation of Algerian land during the 19th century. Journal of Mediterranean Dialogue, 3(1), Sidi Bel Abbes University-Algeria, 149-158. Larbi, İ. (2020). The policy of naturalization with French nationality in Algeria between 1919-1939 and its effects on political life, the law of February 4. Cannes Historical Periodical, 50, 129-144. Medawar, K. (2018). Muslim Algerians and French citizenship in colonial Algeria 1865-1962, ]Unpublished doctoral thesis.]. Mouloud, A. (2012). Statut civil de droit local des musulmans d’Algérie et citoyenneté française, Le Conseil constitutionnel, 1- 7. Ouldennebia, K. (2011). The Policy of Subjugation and the Indigena Laws through the Archives of the Colonial Administration in Algeria. Journal of El Bahith in Humanities and Social Sciences, Sidi Bel Abbes, (2), 60-72. Qarmat, M. (2020). French naturalization policy in Algeria and Tunisia, and the various positions against it (1865-1936), [Unpublished master's thesis.]. Rabinovitch, S. (2018). The quality of being French versus the quality of being Jewish: defining the Israelite in French courts in Algeria and the metropole. Law and History Review, 36(4), 811-846. Saadallah, A. (1992). The Algerian National Movement (1830-1900). Sahouli, B. (2022). The issue of naturalization from the perspective of the French Algerian elite 1900-1939. Elmawakif Journal for Research and Studies in Society and History, 18(1), 838-859. Safwan, S. (2022). The Legal Nationality of the Residents of Algeria during the French Colonization. Algiers, 16(1), 171-196. Sebai, S. A. K. & Bershan, M. (2018). Algerians between adjectives and French citizenship, a reading of the naturalization decree 1865. Algerian Journal of Research and Historical Studies, 4(8), 141-158. Sheikh, F. (2017). 'The Cremieux Law of October 24, 1870, and the Naturalization of Jews, Difficult Choices Under Colonial Domination, 8(1), 519-529. Sophie, B. R. (2011). Jews citizenship and antisemitism in French colonial Algeria 1870-1943, [Unpublished doctoral thesis.]. Sprecher, J. (2022). Le statut de l’Algérie et de ses habitants, https://histoirecoloniale.net/Le-statut-de-l-Algerie-et-de-ses.html Urban, Y. (2017). La citoyennete dans l’empire coloniale Français est-elle specifique. Revue internationale de droit politique, 14, 1-34. Urban, Y. (2011). L’Indigène dans le droit coloniale français 1865-1955, Centre d’histoire de Sciences Po, 1-8. Weil, P. (2005). Le status des musulmans en Algérie colonial, une natinoalite française denature. Association Française Pour L’histoire de la Justice, 16, 93-109.