Research Article
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Year 2023, , 249 - 268, 01.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.37898/spc.2023.8.3.190

Abstract

References

  • Akın, A. & Yalnız, A. (2015). Yakın İlişkilerde Minnettarlığı İfade Etme Ölçeği (YİMİEÖ) Türkçe formu: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması [Turkish version of Expression of Gratitude In Relationships Measure (EGRM): The study of validity and reliability]. Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 8(37), 539-544.
  • Aktürk, Ü., Erci, B., & Araz, M. (2017). Functional evaluation of treatment of chronic disease: Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Spiritual Well-Being Scale. Palliative & Supportive Care, 15(6), 684-692. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1478951517000013
  • Allen, S. (2018). The Science of gratitude. John Templeton Foundation.
  • Altaş, N., & Köylü, M. (2017). Dini danışmanlık ve din hizmetleri [Religious counseling and religious services]. Dem. Altay, E. (Director). (2018). Guardian of angels [Documentary]. TRT World.
  • Araz, A. & Erdugan, C. (2017). Minnettarlık dışavurum ölçeği geliştirme çalışması [Developing a scale for measuring the expression of gratitude]. Nesne, 5(11), 404-425. https://doi.org/10.7816/ nesne-05-11-04
  • Ayten, A., (2022). Erdeme dönüş psikoloji ve mutluluk yolu [Return to virtue psychology and happiness]. İz.
  • Başerer, Z. (2018). Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Minnettarlığın ve Özgeci Davranışın Bazı Değişkenlerle Yordanması [Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation]. Gazi University, Turkey.
  • Carr, A., (2016). Pozitif psikoloji [Positive psychology] Trans. Ü. Şendilek. Kaknüs.
  • Ceylan, Y., & Özaydın, M., (2020). Manevi/Dini danışmanlıkta değer algısı [Perception of value in spiritual/religious counseling]. Bingöl Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 16, 284-301. https://doi.org/10.34085/buifd.807825
  • Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Lawrence Earlbaum Associates.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (3rd ed.). Sage.
  • Cunha, L. F., Pellanda, L. C., & Reppold, C. T. (2019). Positive Psychology and Gratitude Interventions: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 584. https://doi. org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00584
  • Davis, E. B., Worthington, E. L., & Schnitker, S. A. (Eds.). (2023). Handbook of Positive Psychology, Religion, and Spirituality. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031- 10274-5
  • Demir, R., & Türk, F., (2020). Pozitif Psikoloji: Tarihçe, temel kavramlar, terapötik süreç, eleştiriler ve katkilar [Positive Psychology: History, basic concepts, therapeutic process, criticisms and contributions]. Uluslararası Akademik Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(2), 108-125.
  • Ekşi, E., Kardaş, S., & Akyol-Koçoğlu, T. (2018). İçsel Spiritüellik Ölçeği: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması [Internal Spirituality Scale: Validity and reliability study]. In B. Yıldırım (Ed.), Proceedings abstract book of the International Conference on Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics (STEM), and Educational Sciences (p. 105). Muş.
  • Ekşi, H. (Ed.) (2022). Manevi Yönelimli Psikolojik Danışma [Spiritually Oriented Counseling]. Nobel.
  • Ekşi. H., & Kaya, Ç. (Eds.) (2016). Manevi Yönelimli Psikoterapi ve Psikolojik Danışma [Spiritually Oriented Counseling and Psychotherapy]. Kaknüs.
  • Eliüşük Bülbül, A. (2022). Minettarlığın iyi-oluş ve kişilik özellikleri açısından incelenmesi [Examination of gratitude in terms of well-being and personality traits]. SEBED, 1(1), 51-59. Eryılmaz, A. (2017). Pozitif psikoterapiler [Positive psychotherapies]. Current Approaches in Psychiatry, 9(3), 346-346. https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.288667
  • Gabana, N. T., D’Addario, A., Luzzeri, M., Soendergaard, S., & Wong, Y. J. (2020). Examining the relationships between gratitude and spiritual and religious identification among collegiate athletes. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 14(2), 203-219. https://doi.org/10.1123/ jcsp.2018-0068
  • Gallardo, T., C., Belled, B., A., & Alsinet, C., (2022). Changes in the network structure of mental health after a multi-component positive psychology intervention in adolescents: A moderated network analysis. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 14(3), 987-1003. https://doi. org/10.1111/aphw.12363
  • Geier, M. T., & Morris, J. (2022). The impact of a gratitude intervention on mental well-being during COVID–19: A quasi–experimental study of university students. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 14(3), 937-948. https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12359
  • Göcen, G., (2014). Şükür: Pozitif psikolojiden din psikolojisine köprü [Gratitude: A bridge from positive psychology to the psychology of religion]. Dem.
  • Göka, E., (2021). Psikoloji varoluş maneviyat [Psychology existence spirituality]. Kapı.
  • Hefferon, K., & Boniwell, I. (2018). Pozitif psikoloji kuram, araştirma ve uygulamalar [Positive psychology - theory, research and applications], Trans. T. Doğan, Nobel.
  • Hendriks, T., Schotanus-Dijkstra, M., Hassankhan, A., de Jong, J., & Bohlmeijer, E. (2020). The efficacy of multi-component positive psychology interventions: A systematic review and meta- analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Happiness Studies, 21(1), 357-390. https:// doi.org/10.1007/s10902-019-00082-1
  • Hodge, D. R. (2003). The Intrinsic Spirituality Scale: A new six-item instrument for assessing the salience of spirituality as a motivational construct. Journal of Social Service Research, 30(1), 41-61. https://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J079v30n01_03
  • IBM Corp. (2012). IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21.0 [Computer Software]. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.
  • Kalamatianos, A., Kounenou, K., Pezirkianidis, C., & Kourmousi, N. (2023). The role of gratitude in a positive psychology group intervention program implemented for undergraduate engineering students. Behavioral Sciences, 13(6), 460. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13060460
  • Kaplaner, K., & Ekşı̇, H. (2020). Manevi Şükran Ölçeği’nin Türkçe uyarlaması geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması [Turkish adaptation of Spiritual Gratitude Scale: Validity and reliability study]. Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 18(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.37217/tebd.583207
  • Karataş, Z., & Uzun, K. (2020). Şükran mi duyuyoruz yoksa minnettar miyiz? [Do we feel gratitude or are we thankful?] Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 56, 411-440.
  • Kardaş, F., & Yalçın, İ. (2018). Şükran: Ruh sağliği alaninda güncel bir kavram. Current Approaches in Psychiatry, 10(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.334494
  • Kirca, A., M. Malouff, J., & Meynadier, J. (2023). The effect of expressed gratitude interventions on psychological well-being: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled studies. International Journal of Applied Positive Psychology, 8, 63-86 https://doi.org/10.1007/s41042-023-00086-6
  • Komase, Y., Watanabe, K., Hori, D., Nozawa, K., Hidaka, Y., Iida, M., Imamura, K., & Kawakami, N. (2021). Effects of gratitude intervention on mental health and well-being among workers: A systematic review. Journal of Occupational Health, 63(1), e12290. https://doi.org/10.1002/1348- 9585.12290
  • Kruse, E., Chancellor, J., Ruberton, P. M., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2014). An Upward Spiral Between Gratitude and Humility. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 5(7), 805-814. https:// doi.org/10.1177/1948550614534700
  • Loi, N. M., & Ng, D. H. (2021). The relationship between gratitude, well-being, spirituality, and experiencing meaningful work. Psych, 3(2), 85-95. https://doi.org/10.3390/psych3020009
  • Mills, P. J., Redwine, L., Wilson, K., Pung, M. A., Chinh, K., Greenberg, B. H., Lunde, O., Maisel, A., Raisinghani, A., Wood, A., & Chopra, D. (2015). The role of gratitude in spiritual well-being in asymptomatic heart failure patients. Spirituality in Clinical Practice, 2(1), 5-17. https://doi. org/10.1037/scp0000050
  • Pallant, J. (2011). SPSS survival manual: A step-by-step guide to data analysis using SPSS (4th ed.). Allen & Unwin.
  • Perez, J. A. (2021). The associations among gratitude, spirituality, and positive/negative affect: A test of mediation. Academia Lasalliana Journal of Education and Humanities, 3(1), 61-72.
  • Peterman, A., Fitchett, G., Brady, L.M., et al. (2002). Measuring spiritual well-being in people with cancer: The Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy–Spiritual Well- Being Scale. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 24(1), 49–58. https://dx.doi.org/10.1207/ S15324796ABM2401_06
  • Şahin, Z. (2020). Psikoloji ve Psikoterapide Din [Religion in Psychology and Psychotherapy]. Çamlıca.
  • Schuller, S. M., & Parks, A. C. (2014). The Science of Self-Help. European Psychologist, 19(2), 145-155. https://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000181
  • Şenyıldız, A. (1998). Dervişin İlacı: Bir Hint Masalı [The Remedy of the Dervish: A Tale from India]. Istanbul: Şenyıldız Yayınevi.
  • Sin, N. L., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2009). Enhancing well-being and alleviating depressive symptoms with positive psychology interventions: A practice-friendly meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 65(5), 467-487. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20593
  • Toprak, T. B., (2022). İslam düşüncesinde psikoloji ve psikoterapi [Psychology and psychotherapy in islamic thought]. Muhit.
  • Uhder, J. (2016). The Benefits of Gratitude in Spiritual Formation: Collaborative of Gratefulness in a Christian Church Community [Doctoral Dissertation, George Fox University]. https:// digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/psyd/193/
  • Uzun, K., & Karataş, Z. (2021). Beliren ve orta yetişkinlik dönemindeki bireylerin minnettarlik ile ilgili görüşleri [The opinions of individuals in their emerging and middle adulthood periods about thankfulness]. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 23(3), 1235- 1269. https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.811831
  • Yasa, M. (2017). Manevi rehberlikte varliklararasi olumlu derin ilişkiler kurmanin mistik değeri- Yunus Emre örneği [Mystical value of setting a deep relationships among entities in spiritual guidance -Case of Yunus Emre-]. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 42, 5-15.

Effectiveness of an MPPI: Gratitude-Based Spiritual Group Guidance Program (GSGGP)

Year 2023, , 249 - 268, 01.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.37898/spc.2023.8.3.190

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of the Gratitude-Based Spiritual Group Guidance Program (GSGGP), a spiritually oriented group guidance process, on gratitude expression, intrinsic spirituality, and sense of meaning and peace. Using a pre-test-post-test control group design among quasi-experimental designs, the study examined an experimental group that received GSGGP and a control group that did not receive any interventions. The experimental group consisted of 44 university students (5 male, 39 female), with participants’ ages ranging from 18 to 30 (X = 21.55 ± 2.16). The study findings revealed subtle differences in post-test gratitude expression scores between the groups, suggesting a potential impact of the intervention. Intra-group analysis within the experimental group showed statistically significant increases in gratitude expression and intrinsic spiritual experiences. Moreover, the experimental group exhibited enhancements in dimensions of spiritual well-being, including peace-related experiences and the perception of meaning. Overall, the GSGGP demonstrates potential to influence various dimensions of gratitude expression, internal spirituality, and spiritual well-being, offering insights into its multifaceted impact and role in personal growth.

References

  • Akın, A. & Yalnız, A. (2015). Yakın İlişkilerde Minnettarlığı İfade Etme Ölçeği (YİMİEÖ) Türkçe formu: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması [Turkish version of Expression of Gratitude In Relationships Measure (EGRM): The study of validity and reliability]. Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 8(37), 539-544.
  • Aktürk, Ü., Erci, B., & Araz, M. (2017). Functional evaluation of treatment of chronic disease: Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Spiritual Well-Being Scale. Palliative & Supportive Care, 15(6), 684-692. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1478951517000013
  • Allen, S. (2018). The Science of gratitude. John Templeton Foundation.
  • Altaş, N., & Köylü, M. (2017). Dini danışmanlık ve din hizmetleri [Religious counseling and religious services]. Dem. Altay, E. (Director). (2018). Guardian of angels [Documentary]. TRT World.
  • Araz, A. & Erdugan, C. (2017). Minnettarlık dışavurum ölçeği geliştirme çalışması [Developing a scale for measuring the expression of gratitude]. Nesne, 5(11), 404-425. https://doi.org/10.7816/ nesne-05-11-04
  • Ayten, A., (2022). Erdeme dönüş psikoloji ve mutluluk yolu [Return to virtue psychology and happiness]. İz.
  • Başerer, Z. (2018). Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Minnettarlığın ve Özgeci Davranışın Bazı Değişkenlerle Yordanması [Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation]. Gazi University, Turkey.
  • Carr, A., (2016). Pozitif psikoloji [Positive psychology] Trans. Ü. Şendilek. Kaknüs.
  • Ceylan, Y., & Özaydın, M., (2020). Manevi/Dini danışmanlıkta değer algısı [Perception of value in spiritual/religious counseling]. Bingöl Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 16, 284-301. https://doi.org/10.34085/buifd.807825
  • Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Lawrence Earlbaum Associates.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (3rd ed.). Sage.
  • Cunha, L. F., Pellanda, L. C., & Reppold, C. T. (2019). Positive Psychology and Gratitude Interventions: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 584. https://doi. org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00584
  • Davis, E. B., Worthington, E. L., & Schnitker, S. A. (Eds.). (2023). Handbook of Positive Psychology, Religion, and Spirituality. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031- 10274-5
  • Demir, R., & Türk, F., (2020). Pozitif Psikoloji: Tarihçe, temel kavramlar, terapötik süreç, eleştiriler ve katkilar [Positive Psychology: History, basic concepts, therapeutic process, criticisms and contributions]. Uluslararası Akademik Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(2), 108-125.
  • Ekşi, E., Kardaş, S., & Akyol-Koçoğlu, T. (2018). İçsel Spiritüellik Ölçeği: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması [Internal Spirituality Scale: Validity and reliability study]. In B. Yıldırım (Ed.), Proceedings abstract book of the International Conference on Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics (STEM), and Educational Sciences (p. 105). Muş.
  • Ekşi, H. (Ed.) (2022). Manevi Yönelimli Psikolojik Danışma [Spiritually Oriented Counseling]. Nobel.
  • Ekşi. H., & Kaya, Ç. (Eds.) (2016). Manevi Yönelimli Psikoterapi ve Psikolojik Danışma [Spiritually Oriented Counseling and Psychotherapy]. Kaknüs.
  • Eliüşük Bülbül, A. (2022). Minettarlığın iyi-oluş ve kişilik özellikleri açısından incelenmesi [Examination of gratitude in terms of well-being and personality traits]. SEBED, 1(1), 51-59. Eryılmaz, A. (2017). Pozitif psikoterapiler [Positive psychotherapies]. Current Approaches in Psychiatry, 9(3), 346-346. https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.288667
  • Gabana, N. T., D’Addario, A., Luzzeri, M., Soendergaard, S., & Wong, Y. J. (2020). Examining the relationships between gratitude and spiritual and religious identification among collegiate athletes. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 14(2), 203-219. https://doi.org/10.1123/ jcsp.2018-0068
  • Gallardo, T., C., Belled, B., A., & Alsinet, C., (2022). Changes in the network structure of mental health after a multi-component positive psychology intervention in adolescents: A moderated network analysis. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 14(3), 987-1003. https://doi. org/10.1111/aphw.12363
  • Geier, M. T., & Morris, J. (2022). The impact of a gratitude intervention on mental well-being during COVID–19: A quasi–experimental study of university students. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 14(3), 937-948. https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12359
  • Göcen, G., (2014). Şükür: Pozitif psikolojiden din psikolojisine köprü [Gratitude: A bridge from positive psychology to the psychology of religion]. Dem.
  • Göka, E., (2021). Psikoloji varoluş maneviyat [Psychology existence spirituality]. Kapı.
  • Hefferon, K., & Boniwell, I. (2018). Pozitif psikoloji kuram, araştirma ve uygulamalar [Positive psychology - theory, research and applications], Trans. T. Doğan, Nobel.
  • Hendriks, T., Schotanus-Dijkstra, M., Hassankhan, A., de Jong, J., & Bohlmeijer, E. (2020). The efficacy of multi-component positive psychology interventions: A systematic review and meta- analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Happiness Studies, 21(1), 357-390. https:// doi.org/10.1007/s10902-019-00082-1
  • Hodge, D. R. (2003). The Intrinsic Spirituality Scale: A new six-item instrument for assessing the salience of spirituality as a motivational construct. Journal of Social Service Research, 30(1), 41-61. https://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J079v30n01_03
  • IBM Corp. (2012). IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21.0 [Computer Software]. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.
  • Kalamatianos, A., Kounenou, K., Pezirkianidis, C., & Kourmousi, N. (2023). The role of gratitude in a positive psychology group intervention program implemented for undergraduate engineering students. Behavioral Sciences, 13(6), 460. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13060460
  • Kaplaner, K., & Ekşı̇, H. (2020). Manevi Şükran Ölçeği’nin Türkçe uyarlaması geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması [Turkish adaptation of Spiritual Gratitude Scale: Validity and reliability study]. Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 18(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.37217/tebd.583207
  • Karataş, Z., & Uzun, K. (2020). Şükran mi duyuyoruz yoksa minnettar miyiz? [Do we feel gratitude or are we thankful?] Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 56, 411-440.
  • Kardaş, F., & Yalçın, İ. (2018). Şükran: Ruh sağliği alaninda güncel bir kavram. Current Approaches in Psychiatry, 10(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.334494
  • Kirca, A., M. Malouff, J., & Meynadier, J. (2023). The effect of expressed gratitude interventions on psychological well-being: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled studies. International Journal of Applied Positive Psychology, 8, 63-86 https://doi.org/10.1007/s41042-023-00086-6
  • Komase, Y., Watanabe, K., Hori, D., Nozawa, K., Hidaka, Y., Iida, M., Imamura, K., & Kawakami, N. (2021). Effects of gratitude intervention on mental health and well-being among workers: A systematic review. Journal of Occupational Health, 63(1), e12290. https://doi.org/10.1002/1348- 9585.12290
  • Kruse, E., Chancellor, J., Ruberton, P. M., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2014). An Upward Spiral Between Gratitude and Humility. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 5(7), 805-814. https:// doi.org/10.1177/1948550614534700
  • Loi, N. M., & Ng, D. H. (2021). The relationship between gratitude, well-being, spirituality, and experiencing meaningful work. Psych, 3(2), 85-95. https://doi.org/10.3390/psych3020009
  • Mills, P. J., Redwine, L., Wilson, K., Pung, M. A., Chinh, K., Greenberg, B. H., Lunde, O., Maisel, A., Raisinghani, A., Wood, A., & Chopra, D. (2015). The role of gratitude in spiritual well-being in asymptomatic heart failure patients. Spirituality in Clinical Practice, 2(1), 5-17. https://doi. org/10.1037/scp0000050
  • Pallant, J. (2011). SPSS survival manual: A step-by-step guide to data analysis using SPSS (4th ed.). Allen & Unwin.
  • Perez, J. A. (2021). The associations among gratitude, spirituality, and positive/negative affect: A test of mediation. Academia Lasalliana Journal of Education and Humanities, 3(1), 61-72.
  • Peterman, A., Fitchett, G., Brady, L.M., et al. (2002). Measuring spiritual well-being in people with cancer: The Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy–Spiritual Well- Being Scale. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 24(1), 49–58. https://dx.doi.org/10.1207/ S15324796ABM2401_06
  • Şahin, Z. (2020). Psikoloji ve Psikoterapide Din [Religion in Psychology and Psychotherapy]. Çamlıca.
  • Schuller, S. M., & Parks, A. C. (2014). The Science of Self-Help. European Psychologist, 19(2), 145-155. https://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000181
  • Şenyıldız, A. (1998). Dervişin İlacı: Bir Hint Masalı [The Remedy of the Dervish: A Tale from India]. Istanbul: Şenyıldız Yayınevi.
  • Sin, N. L., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2009). Enhancing well-being and alleviating depressive symptoms with positive psychology interventions: A practice-friendly meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 65(5), 467-487. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20593
  • Toprak, T. B., (2022). İslam düşüncesinde psikoloji ve psikoterapi [Psychology and psychotherapy in islamic thought]. Muhit.
  • Uhder, J. (2016). The Benefits of Gratitude in Spiritual Formation: Collaborative of Gratefulness in a Christian Church Community [Doctoral Dissertation, George Fox University]. https:// digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/psyd/193/
  • Uzun, K., & Karataş, Z. (2021). Beliren ve orta yetişkinlik dönemindeki bireylerin minnettarlik ile ilgili görüşleri [The opinions of individuals in their emerging and middle adulthood periods about thankfulness]. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 23(3), 1235- 1269. https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.811831
  • Yasa, M. (2017). Manevi rehberlikte varliklararasi olumlu derin ilişkiler kurmanin mistik değeri- Yunus Emre örneği [Mystical value of setting a deep relationships among entities in spiritual guidance -Case of Yunus Emre-]. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 42, 5-15.
There are 47 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Psychotherapy Practise and Research
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Fatıma Şule Hatipoğlu This is me

Çınar Kaya

Publication Date October 1, 2023
Submission Date June 7, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023

Cite

APA Hatipoğlu, F. Ş., & Kaya, Ç. (2023). Effectiveness of an MPPI: Gratitude-Based Spiritual Group Guidance Program (GSGGP). Spiritual Psychology and Counseling, 8(3), 249-268. https://doi.org/10.37898/spc.2023.8.3.190