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Spirituality in Logotherapy

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 143 - 164, 15.08.2017

Öz

Frankl wrote that he needed to find meaning in his life so that he could sustain his life physically, psychologically, and spiritually. In other words, when an individual understands meaning in life, these three dimensions will be in a healthy interaction. The spiritual dimension and the other two dimensions have healing power. Therefore, it will become even easier for a person who is aware of the spiritual side and acts with this consciousness to find meaning. One of the most effective elements in finding meaning is spirituality. Studies have shown that spirituality helps people find meaning in their lives and even has an important effect in defeating the fear of death. In this respect, logotherapy does not reject spirituality and religion but rather encourages their use. This study examines the perspective of religion and spirituality in logotherapy and touches on the work done in this area. The spiritual point of view and applications of logotherapy, which center on finding meaning in the final analysis, are included in this study

Kaynakça

  • Altıntaş, E., & Gültekin, M. (2004). Psikolojik danişma kuramları [Psychological counseling theories]. İstanbul, Turkey: Alfa Aktüel. Ameli, M., & Dattilio, F. M. (2013). Enhancing cognitive behavior therapy with logotherapy: Techniques for clinical practice. Psychotherapy, 50(3), 387–391. http:dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0033394 Ascher, M. L. (2002). Paradoxical intention. Encylopedia of Psychotherapy, 2, 331–336. Aydın, A. R. (2004). Din ve psikoloji ilişkisi üzerine [ On religion and psychology relation]. Dinbilimleri Akademik Araştırma Dergisi, IV(1). Bahadır, A. (2000). Psikoterapi'de yeni bir yaklaşım: Logoterapi ve Viktor Frankl [A new approach in psychotherapy: Logotherapy and Viktor Frankl]. Uludağ Üniversitesi İlâhiyat Fakültesi, 9(9). Bahadır, A. (2011). İnsanın anlam arayışı ve din [The search for meaning and religion İstanbul, Turkey: İnsan Yayınları. Barnes, R. C. (2005). Franklian Psychology: An Introduction to Logotherapy. In G. E. Rice (Ed.), Logotherapy and the Human Spirit (pp. 31–49). Abilene, TX: Viktor Frankl Institute of Logotherapy. Bassett, J. F., & Going, S. B. (2012). A terror management analysis of perceived purpose: The effects of mortality salience on attributions for occurrences. The Open Psychology Journal, 5, 20–30. Batson, C. D., Schoenrade, P., & Ventis, W. L. (1993). Religion and the individual: A socialpsychological perspective. New York, NY: Oxford University. Batthyany, A., & Russo-Netzer, P. (2014). Meaning in positive and existential psychology. New York, NY: Springer. Baumeister, R. F. (1991). Meanings of life. New York, NY: Guilford. Boehm, R., Golec, J., Krahn, R., & Smyth, D. (1999). Understandıng the cultural and spırıtual needs of women who have experıenced abuse. Canada: The University of Alberta. Bresser, P. H. (1993). Werterkennen oder sinnfindung? Journal des Viktor-Frankl-Instituts, 1(2), 71–81. Bucher, A. (2007). Psychologie der spiritualität. Handbuch, Weinheim: Beltz. Bulka, R. P. (1972). Logotherapy and Judaism-some philosophical comparisons. A Journal of Orthodox Jewish Thought, 12(3/4), 72–89. Calhoun, L. G., & Tedeschi, R. G. (1999). Facilitating post traumatic growth: A clinician’s guide. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. Chen, Y. Y., & Koenig, H. G. (2006). Traumatic stress and religion: Is there a relationship? A review of empirical findings. Journal of Religion and Health, 45(3), 371–381. Chun-Nan, T. (1993). Logotherapy: It’s theoretical integration and clinical implication from a Taiwanese American perspective. (Doctoral dissertation). Costello, S. J. (2016). The spirit of logotherapy. Religions, 7(3), 2–12. Davis, W. E., Juhl, J., & Routledge, C. (2011). Death and design: The terror management function of teleological beliefs. Motivation and Emotion, 35, 98–104. Düşünceli, B. (2015). Logoterapi yönelimli grupla psikolojik danışmanın travma sonrası hayata küsme bozukluğu üzerindeki etkisi [The effect of psychological counseling with logotherapy-oriented group on post-traumatic disability.] (Doctoral dissertation, Sakarya Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Sakarya, Turkey). Retrieved from https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/ Fabry, J. (1975). Logotherapy and eastern religions. Journal of Religion and Health, 14, 271–276. Frankl, V. E. (1986). The doctor and the soul: from psychotherapyto logotherapy. New York: Vintage. Frankl, V. E. (1988). The will to meaning: Foundations and aplications of logotherapy. New York, NY: A Meridain Book. Frankl, V. E. (2006). Duyulmayan anlam çığlığı (S. Budak, Çev.) [Inaudible meaning scream]. İstanbul, Turkey: Öteki. Frankl, V. E. (2013). İnsanın anlam arayışı (2. basım) [Man's Search for Meaning]. İstanbul, Turkey: Okyanus Us. Frankl, V. E. (2014). Psikoterapi ve din: Bilinçdışındaki Tanrı (Z. Taşkın, Çev.) [Psychotherapy and Religion: God Out of Consciousness İstanbul, Turkey: Say. Frankl, V. E. & Kreuzer, F. (1994). Im Anfang war der Sinn [In the beggining was meaning]. München: Piper. Graber, A. V. (2004). Viktor Frank’s logotherapy: Method of choice in ecumenical pastoral psychology. Lima, OH: Wyndham Hall. Graber, A. V. (2009). The journey home: Preparing for life’s ultimate adventure. Birmingham, AL: LogoLife. Grom, B. (2009). Spiritualität – die Karriere eines Begriffs: Eine religionspsychologische Perspektive. In E. Frick & T. Roser (Ed.), Spiritualität und Medizin (pp. 12–17). Stuttgart: Kohlhammer. Gündoğan, A. O. (1997). Albert Camus ve başkaldırma felsefesi [Albert Camus and the philosophy of revolt]. İstanbul, Turkey: Birey. Guttmann, D. (1998). Logoterapia para profesionales [Logotherapy for the helping professional: Meaningful social work]. Bilbao: Desclée de Brouwer. Guttmann, D. (2008). Finding meaning in life, at midlife and beyond: Wisdom and spirit from Logotherapy. London, UK: Prager. Hahn, U. (1994). Sinn suchen-Sinn finden, Was ist Logotherapie. Zürich, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht. Harlow, L. L., Newcomb, M. D., & Bentler, P. M. (1986). Depression, self-derogation, substance use, and suicide ideation: Lack of purpose in life as a meditational factor. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 42, 5–21. Harris, M. (1991). Dance of the Spirit. New York, NY: Bantam Books. Heisel, M. J., & Flett, G. L. (2004). Purpose in life, satisfaction with life, and suicide ideation in a clinical sample. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26(2), 127–135. Jacobson, S. (1995). Toward a meaningful life: The wisdom of the Rebbe Menachem Mendel Schneerson. New York, NY: William Morrow and Co. Jonas, E., & Fischer, P. (2006). Terror management and religion: Evidence that intrinsic religiousness mitigates worldview defense following mortality salience. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91, 553–567. Julom, A. M., & Guzmán, R. (2013). The effectiveness of logotherapy program in alleviating the sense of meaninglessness of paralyzed in-patients. International Journal of Psychology & Psychological Therapy, 13(3), 357–371. Karahan, F., & Sardoğan, M. E. (2004). Psikolojik danışma ve psikoterapide kuramlar [Psychological counseling and psychotherapy theories]. Samsun, Turkey: Deniz Kültür. Kolbe, C. (1986). Heilung oder Hindernis, religion bei Freud Adler Fromm Jung und Frankl. Stuttgart: Kreuz Verl. Landau, M. J., Kosloff, S., & Schmeichel, B. (2011). Imbuing everyday actions with meaning in response to existential threat. Self and Identity, 10, 64–76. Leibovits, Y. (1999). I wanted to ask you, Professor Leibovits: Letters to Professor Leibovits and from Him. Jerusalem: Keter. Lukas, E. S. (1986). Meaning in suffering . California, CA: Institute of Logotherapy. Marshall, M. (2011). Prism of meaning: Guide to the fundamental principles of Viktor Frankl’s logotherapy. Maria Marshall, Ph.D.(Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://www.ignaciodarnaude.com/espiritualismo/Frankl,Logotherapy,prism%20of%20meaning.pdf. Moclebust, L. M. (2016). Logotherapy and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): A case study of a kidnapping in Guatemala. In A. Batthyany (Ed.), Logotherapy and existential analysis (pp. 245–257). New York, NY: Springer. Morgan, J. H. (2005). Naturally good: A behavioral history of moral development. South Bend, IN: Cloverdale Books. Morgan, J. H. (2013). What to do when there is nothing to do: The psychotherapeutic value of meaning therapy in the treatment of late life depression. Health, Culture and Society, 5(1), 324–330. Öcal, O. (2010). Varoluşsal sorunlar, birey ve yeni hayat [Existential problems, individual and new life]. Türklük Bilimi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 28(28), 313–324. Pacciolla, A. (1993). The unconscious in religiosity, spirituality, and morality. Journal des Viktor- Frankl-Instituts, 1, 89–95. Pargament, K. I. (2007). Spiritually integrated psychotherapy. Understanding and addressing the sacred. New York, NY: Guilford. Patterson, C. H., & Watkins, C. E. (1996). Theories of psychotherapy (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon. Powell, L. H., Shahabi, L., & Thoresen, C. E. (2001). Religion and spirituality: Linkages to physical health. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Society for Epidemiologic Research Annual Meeting. Raz, S. (1986). A very narrow bridge: The sayings of Rabbi Nachman of Breslav. Jerusalem: Keter. Rice, G. E. (2005). Franklian psychology: An introduction to logotherapy. Texas, TX: Viktor Frankl Instute of Logotheraphy. Robatmili, S., Sohrabi, F., Shahrak, M. A., Talepasand, S., Nokani, M., & Hasani, M. (2015). The effect of group logotherapy on meaning in life and depression levels of Iranian students. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 37(1), 54–62. Schulenberg, S. E. (2003). Empirical research and logotherapy. Psychological Reports, 93, 307–319. Schulenberg, S. E., Hutzell, R. R., Nassif, C., & Rogina, J. M. (2008). Logotherapy for clinical practice. Psychotherapy Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 45(4), 447–463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0014331 Scraper, R. L. (2000). The art and science of maieutic questioning within the Socratic Method. The International Forum for Logotherapy, 23(1), 14–16. Southwick, S.M. & Charney, D.S. (2012b). The science of resilience: Implications for the prevention and treatment of depression. Science, 338, 79-82. doi:10.1126/science.1222942. Southwick, S. M., Lowthert, B. T., & Graber, A. V. (2016). Relevance and application of logotherapy to enhance resilience to stress and trauma. In A. Batthyany (Ed.), Logotherapy and existential analysis (pp. 131–149). New York, NY: Springer. Tweedie, J., & Donald, F. (1963). The Christian and the couch: An introduction to Christian logotherapy. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House. Utsch, M., Bonelli, R. M., & Pfeifer, S. (2014). Psychotherapie und spiritualität: Mit existenziellen konflikten und transzendenzfragen professionell umgehen. Berlin: Springer. Vail, K. I. I. I., Rothchild, Z., Weise, D., Solomon, S., Pyszczynski, T., & Greenberg, J. (2010). A terror management analysis of the psychological functions of religion. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 14, 84–94. Welter, P. R. (2005). Franklian Psychology: Attitudinal Change. Texas, TX: Viktor Frankl Institute of Logotherapy. Wong, P. T. P. (1997). Meaning-centered counselling: A cognitive-behavioral approach to logotherapy. The International Forum for Logotherapy, 20(2), 85–94. Wong, P. T. P. (2014). Viktor Frankl’s meaning seeking model and positive psychology. In A. Batthyany & P. Russo-Netzer (Eds.), Meaning in existential and positive psychology (pp. 149–185). New York, NY: Springer.

Logoterapi’de Maneviyat

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 143 - 164, 15.08.2017

Öz

Frankl insanın yaşamını fiziksel, psikolojik ve ruhsal olarak sağlıklı bir şekilde sürdürebilmesi için hayatında bir anlam bulması gerektiğini söylemektedir. Yani birey ancak anlama ulaştığında bu üç boyutun sağlıklı bir etkileşim içinde olması beklenir. Ruhsal boyut, diğer iki boyutu da iyileştirme gücüne sahiptir. Dolayısıyla ruhsal yönünden haberdar olan ve bunun bilinciyle hareket eden kişinin anlam bulması daha da kolaylaşacaktır. Anlam bulma noktasında en etkili yönlerden birisi maneviyattır. Maneviyatın insanın hayatında anlam bulmasına yardımcı olduğu ve hatta ölüm korkusunu yenmede önemli bir etkiye sahip olduğu yapılan çalışmalarla gösterilmiştir. Bu yönüyle Logoterapi maneviyat ve dini reddetmemekte aksine bunlardan yararlanmayı desteklemektedir. Bu çalışma ile Logoterapi’nin din ve maneviyata olan bakış açısı incelenmekte ve bu alanda yapılmış olan çalışmalara temas edilmektedir. Son tahlilde anlam bulmayı merkeze alan Logoterapi’nin manevi bakış açısı ve uygulamaları bu çalışma içinde yer almaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Altıntaş, E., & Gültekin, M. (2004). Psikolojik danişma kuramları [Psychological counseling theories]. İstanbul, Turkey: Alfa Aktüel. Ameli, M., & Dattilio, F. M. (2013). Enhancing cognitive behavior therapy with logotherapy: Techniques for clinical practice. Psychotherapy, 50(3), 387–391. http:dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0033394 Ascher, M. L. (2002). Paradoxical intention. Encylopedia of Psychotherapy, 2, 331–336. Aydın, A. R. (2004). Din ve psikoloji ilişkisi üzerine [ On religion and psychology relation]. Dinbilimleri Akademik Araştırma Dergisi, IV(1). Bahadır, A. (2000). Psikoterapi'de yeni bir yaklaşım: Logoterapi ve Viktor Frankl [A new approach in psychotherapy: Logotherapy and Viktor Frankl]. Uludağ Üniversitesi İlâhiyat Fakültesi, 9(9). Bahadır, A. (2011). İnsanın anlam arayışı ve din [The search for meaning and religion İstanbul, Turkey: İnsan Yayınları. Barnes, R. C. (2005). Franklian Psychology: An Introduction to Logotherapy. In G. E. Rice (Ed.), Logotherapy and the Human Spirit (pp. 31–49). Abilene, TX: Viktor Frankl Institute of Logotherapy. Bassett, J. F., & Going, S. B. (2012). A terror management analysis of perceived purpose: The effects of mortality salience on attributions for occurrences. The Open Psychology Journal, 5, 20–30. Batson, C. D., Schoenrade, P., & Ventis, W. L. (1993). Religion and the individual: A socialpsychological perspective. New York, NY: Oxford University. Batthyany, A., & Russo-Netzer, P. (2014). Meaning in positive and existential psychology. New York, NY: Springer. Baumeister, R. F. (1991). Meanings of life. New York, NY: Guilford. Boehm, R., Golec, J., Krahn, R., & Smyth, D. (1999). Understandıng the cultural and spırıtual needs of women who have experıenced abuse. Canada: The University of Alberta. Bresser, P. H. (1993). Werterkennen oder sinnfindung? Journal des Viktor-Frankl-Instituts, 1(2), 71–81. Bucher, A. (2007). Psychologie der spiritualität. Handbuch, Weinheim: Beltz. Bulka, R. P. (1972). Logotherapy and Judaism-some philosophical comparisons. A Journal of Orthodox Jewish Thought, 12(3/4), 72–89. Calhoun, L. G., & Tedeschi, R. G. (1999). Facilitating post traumatic growth: A clinician’s guide. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. Chen, Y. Y., & Koenig, H. G. (2006). Traumatic stress and religion: Is there a relationship? A review of empirical findings. Journal of Religion and Health, 45(3), 371–381. Chun-Nan, T. (1993). Logotherapy: It’s theoretical integration and clinical implication from a Taiwanese American perspective. (Doctoral dissertation). Costello, S. J. (2016). The spirit of logotherapy. Religions, 7(3), 2–12. Davis, W. E., Juhl, J., & Routledge, C. (2011). Death and design: The terror management function of teleological beliefs. Motivation and Emotion, 35, 98–104. Düşünceli, B. (2015). Logoterapi yönelimli grupla psikolojik danışmanın travma sonrası hayata küsme bozukluğu üzerindeki etkisi [The effect of psychological counseling with logotherapy-oriented group on post-traumatic disability.] (Doctoral dissertation, Sakarya Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Sakarya, Turkey). Retrieved from https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/ Fabry, J. (1975). Logotherapy and eastern religions. Journal of Religion and Health, 14, 271–276. Frankl, V. E. (1986). The doctor and the soul: from psychotherapyto logotherapy. New York: Vintage. Frankl, V. E. (1988). The will to meaning: Foundations and aplications of logotherapy. New York, NY: A Meridain Book. Frankl, V. E. (2006). Duyulmayan anlam çığlığı (S. Budak, Çev.) [Inaudible meaning scream]. İstanbul, Turkey: Öteki. Frankl, V. E. (2013). İnsanın anlam arayışı (2. basım) [Man's Search for Meaning]. İstanbul, Turkey: Okyanus Us. Frankl, V. E. (2014). Psikoterapi ve din: Bilinçdışındaki Tanrı (Z. Taşkın, Çev.) [Psychotherapy and Religion: God Out of Consciousness İstanbul, Turkey: Say. Frankl, V. E. & Kreuzer, F. (1994). Im Anfang war der Sinn [In the beggining was meaning]. München: Piper. Graber, A. V. (2004). Viktor Frank’s logotherapy: Method of choice in ecumenical pastoral psychology. Lima, OH: Wyndham Hall. Graber, A. V. (2009). The journey home: Preparing for life’s ultimate adventure. Birmingham, AL: LogoLife. Grom, B. (2009). Spiritualität – die Karriere eines Begriffs: Eine religionspsychologische Perspektive. In E. Frick & T. Roser (Ed.), Spiritualität und Medizin (pp. 12–17). Stuttgart: Kohlhammer. Gündoğan, A. O. (1997). Albert Camus ve başkaldırma felsefesi [Albert Camus and the philosophy of revolt]. İstanbul, Turkey: Birey. Guttmann, D. (1998). Logoterapia para profesionales [Logotherapy for the helping professional: Meaningful social work]. Bilbao: Desclée de Brouwer. Guttmann, D. (2008). Finding meaning in life, at midlife and beyond: Wisdom and spirit from Logotherapy. London, UK: Prager. Hahn, U. (1994). Sinn suchen-Sinn finden, Was ist Logotherapie. Zürich, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht. Harlow, L. L., Newcomb, M. D., & Bentler, P. M. (1986). Depression, self-derogation, substance use, and suicide ideation: Lack of purpose in life as a meditational factor. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 42, 5–21. Harris, M. (1991). Dance of the Spirit. New York, NY: Bantam Books. Heisel, M. J., & Flett, G. L. (2004). Purpose in life, satisfaction with life, and suicide ideation in a clinical sample. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26(2), 127–135. Jacobson, S. (1995). Toward a meaningful life: The wisdom of the Rebbe Menachem Mendel Schneerson. New York, NY: William Morrow and Co. Jonas, E., & Fischer, P. (2006). Terror management and religion: Evidence that intrinsic religiousness mitigates worldview defense following mortality salience. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91, 553–567. Julom, A. M., & Guzmán, R. (2013). The effectiveness of logotherapy program in alleviating the sense of meaninglessness of paralyzed in-patients. International Journal of Psychology & Psychological Therapy, 13(3), 357–371. Karahan, F., & Sardoğan, M. E. (2004). Psikolojik danışma ve psikoterapide kuramlar [Psychological counseling and psychotherapy theories]. Samsun, Turkey: Deniz Kültür. Kolbe, C. (1986). Heilung oder Hindernis, religion bei Freud Adler Fromm Jung und Frankl. Stuttgart: Kreuz Verl. Landau, M. J., Kosloff, S., & Schmeichel, B. (2011). Imbuing everyday actions with meaning in response to existential threat. Self and Identity, 10, 64–76. Leibovits, Y. (1999). I wanted to ask you, Professor Leibovits: Letters to Professor Leibovits and from Him. Jerusalem: Keter. Lukas, E. S. (1986). Meaning in suffering . California, CA: Institute of Logotherapy. Marshall, M. (2011). Prism of meaning: Guide to the fundamental principles of Viktor Frankl’s logotherapy. Maria Marshall, Ph.D.(Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://www.ignaciodarnaude.com/espiritualismo/Frankl,Logotherapy,prism%20of%20meaning.pdf. Moclebust, L. M. (2016). Logotherapy and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): A case study of a kidnapping in Guatemala. In A. Batthyany (Ed.), Logotherapy and existential analysis (pp. 245–257). New York, NY: Springer. Morgan, J. H. (2005). Naturally good: A behavioral history of moral development. South Bend, IN: Cloverdale Books. Morgan, J. H. (2013). What to do when there is nothing to do: The psychotherapeutic value of meaning therapy in the treatment of late life depression. Health, Culture and Society, 5(1), 324–330. Öcal, O. (2010). Varoluşsal sorunlar, birey ve yeni hayat [Existential problems, individual and new life]. Türklük Bilimi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 28(28), 313–324. Pacciolla, A. (1993). The unconscious in religiosity, spirituality, and morality. Journal des Viktor- Frankl-Instituts, 1, 89–95. Pargament, K. I. (2007). Spiritually integrated psychotherapy. Understanding and addressing the sacred. New York, NY: Guilford. Patterson, C. H., & Watkins, C. E. (1996). Theories of psychotherapy (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon. Powell, L. H., Shahabi, L., & Thoresen, C. E. (2001). Religion and spirituality: Linkages to physical health. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Society for Epidemiologic Research Annual Meeting. Raz, S. (1986). A very narrow bridge: The sayings of Rabbi Nachman of Breslav. Jerusalem: Keter. Rice, G. E. (2005). Franklian psychology: An introduction to logotherapy. Texas, TX: Viktor Frankl Instute of Logotheraphy. Robatmili, S., Sohrabi, F., Shahrak, M. A., Talepasand, S., Nokani, M., & Hasani, M. (2015). The effect of group logotherapy on meaning in life and depression levels of Iranian students. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 37(1), 54–62. Schulenberg, S. E. (2003). Empirical research and logotherapy. Psychological Reports, 93, 307–319. Schulenberg, S. E., Hutzell, R. R., Nassif, C., & Rogina, J. M. (2008). Logotherapy for clinical practice. Psychotherapy Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 45(4), 447–463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0014331 Scraper, R. L. (2000). The art and science of maieutic questioning within the Socratic Method. The International Forum for Logotherapy, 23(1), 14–16. Southwick, S.M. & Charney, D.S. (2012b). The science of resilience: Implications for the prevention and treatment of depression. Science, 338, 79-82. doi:10.1126/science.1222942. Southwick, S. M., Lowthert, B. T., & Graber, A. V. (2016). Relevance and application of logotherapy to enhance resilience to stress and trauma. In A. Batthyany (Ed.), Logotherapy and existential analysis (pp. 131–149). New York, NY: Springer. Tweedie, J., & Donald, F. (1963). The Christian and the couch: An introduction to Christian logotherapy. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House. Utsch, M., Bonelli, R. M., & Pfeifer, S. (2014). Psychotherapie und spiritualität: Mit existenziellen konflikten und transzendenzfragen professionell umgehen. Berlin: Springer. Vail, K. I. I. I., Rothchild, Z., Weise, D., Solomon, S., Pyszczynski, T., & Greenberg, J. (2010). A terror management analysis of the psychological functions of religion. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 14, 84–94. Welter, P. R. (2005). Franklian Psychology: Attitudinal Change. Texas, TX: Viktor Frankl Institute of Logotherapy. Wong, P. T. P. (1997). Meaning-centered counselling: A cognitive-behavioral approach to logotherapy. The International Forum for Logotherapy, 20(2), 85–94. Wong, P. T. P. (2014). Viktor Frankl’s meaning seeking model and positive psychology. In A. Batthyany & P. Russo-Netzer (Eds.), Meaning in existential and positive psychology (pp. 149–185). New York, NY: Springer.
Toplam 1 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Konular Psikoloji
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Nesrullah Okan Bu kişi benim

Halil Ekşi

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Ağustos 2017
Gönderilme Tarihi 22 Ekim 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Okan, N., & Ekşi, H. (2017). Spirituality in Logotherapy. Spiritual Psychology and Counseling, 2(2), 143-164.