DETERMINATION OF THE FACTORS AFFECTING THE OSTEOPOROSIS AWARENESS LEVELS AND THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF TURKISH WOMEN

Abstract

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study was carried out to determine the level of osteoporosis awareness and quality of life of women aged 45 and over. Methods: The universe of the research constitutes women over 45 years old who come to the health home in a district of Konya (N=202). Women are included in the study with random sampling method. 25-item Personal Information Form containing the socio-demographic and gynecological characteristics of women prepared with the necessary data literature, It was collected by the Osteoporosis Awareness Scale and the face-to-face interview method using the European Osteoporosis Foundation's (QUALEFO) Quality of Life Survey. Women aged 45 and over who agreed to participate in the study between February and June 2023 have completed the questionnaire completely. Results: The average age of women participating in the research is 54.11±8.76 (min=45, max=82), 80.2% are married and 55.4%’ has literate/ primary education level. Higher education graduate (p˂0,001), body mass index (p˂0,001) and (p=0,001) women who have heard the word osteoporosis are high. Menopause time has passed ten years (p˂0,001) and bone fracture (p=0,001) women's quality of life has been found to be high while women's quality of life is low. Conclusion: Women's osteoporosis awareness and quality of life are affected by various factors. Women should be conscious to increase them.

Keywords

• Menopause
• Osteoporosis
• Quality of Life

TÜRK KADININLARININ OSTEOPOROZ FARKINDALIK DÜZEYLERİ VE YAŞAM KALİTESİNİ ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLERİN BELİRLENMESİ

Öz

ÖZET Amaç: Bu çalışma 45 yaş ve üzeri kadınların osteoporoz farkındalık ve yaşam kalitesi düzeylerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yöntem: Araştırmanın evrenini Konya’nın bir ilçesinde sağlık evine gelen 45 yaş üzeri kadınlar oluşturmaktadır (N=202). Kadınlar gelişigüzel örnekleme yöntemi ile çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Gerekli veriler literatür eşliğinde hazırlanan kadınların sosyo-demografik ve jinekolojik özelliklerini içeren 25 maddelik Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Osteoporoz Farkındalık Ölçeği ve Avrupa Osteoporoz Vakfı’nın (QUALEFO) Yaşam Kalitesi Anketi kullanılarak yüz yüze görüşme yöntemi ile toplanmıştır. Şubat-Haziran 2023 tarihleri arasında çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden 45 yaş ve üzeri kadınlar anket formunu eksiksiz doldurmuştur. Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan kadınların yaş ortalaması 54,11±8,76 (min=45, max=82) olup %80,2’si evli ve %55,4’ü okuryazar/ilköğretim eğitim düzeyine sahiptir. Yüksek öğrenim mezunu (p˂0,001), beden kitle indeksi normal aralıkta olan (p˂0,001) ve osteoporoz kelimesini daha önce duyan (p=0,001) kadınların osteoporoz farkındalıkları yüksektir. Menopoz süresi on yılı geçen (p˂0,001) ve kemik kırığı yaşayan (p=0,001) kadınların yaşam kaliteleri düşük olurken düzenli egzersiz yapan (p˂0,001) kadınların yaşam kaliteleri yüksek bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Kadınların osteoporoz farkındalıkları ve yaşam kaliteleri çeşitli faktörlerden etkilenmektedir. Bunları artırmak için kadınlar bilinçlendirilmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Osteoporoz
• Menopoz
• Yaşam Kalitesi

References

1. Aibar-Almazán, A., Voltes-Martínez, A., Castellote-Caballero, Y., Afanador-Restrepo, D. F., Carcelén-Fraile, M. D. C., & López-Ruiz, E. (2022). Current Status of the Diagnosis and Management of Osteoporosis. International journal of molecular sciences, 23(16). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23169465
2. Akyol, Y., Ulus, Y., Bilgici, A., & Kuru, Ö. (2020). The Comparison of Knowledge Level and Awareness of Osteoporosis Between Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women. Turkish Journal of Osteoporosis, 26(1), 10-18. https://doi.org/10.4274/tod.galenos.2019.46320
3. Alhouri, A., Zahrawi, H., Alasaad, S., Alhayek, S. mofid, Al Houri, H. N., Jomaa, S., Torbey, A., Swed, S., Alamash, D., Zawda, A., Alhasan, S. A., Khalayli, N., & Kudsi, M. (2022). Assessing the Knowledge and Attitude towards Osteoporosis Among Syrian Women: A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Rheumatology, 2022, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6431151
4. Almalki, M., Almalki, A., Almahdi, H., Alshehri, A., Alayed, R., Almalki, M., & Alsufyani, O. (2023). Assessment of osteoporosis knowledge and awareness among Saudi population using the Osteoporosis Knowledge Assessment Tool. Saudi Journal of Sports Medicine, 23(1), 22. https://doi.org/10.4103/sjsm.sjsm_2_23
5. Alrashidy, R. (2021). Evaluation of knowledge about osteoporosis risk factors among adults above 40 years of age in Hafar Al.Batin Region, Saudi Arabia. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 10(8), 3089. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_386_21
6. Altaş, E. U., & Bayram, K. B. (2021). Geriatrik Yaş Grubunda Osteoporoz Bilgi ve Farkındalık Düzeyi Knowledge Levels and Awareness of Osteoporosisin the Geriatric Age Group. Ege Klin Tıp Dergisi, 59(1), 53-57.
7. Anupama, D. S., Norohna, J. A., Acharya, K. KV., Ravishankar, & George, A. (2020). Effect of Exercise on Bone Mineral Density and Quality of Life Among Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis Without Fracture: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Orthopaedic and Trauma Nursing, 39, 100796. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijotn.2020.100796
8. Bahouq, H., & Soulaymani, A. (2020). Depression, Quality of Life, and Self-Esteem of Moroccan Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis before the Occurrence of Fractures. Journal of Menopausal Medicine, 26(2), 121. https://doi.org/10.6118/jmm.19008

9. Balaban, B., & Aşık, Z. (2023). Evaluation of Screening Status and Fracture Risks of Postmenopausal Women for Osteoporosis. Forbes Journal of Medicine, 4(1), 45-50. https://doi.org/10.4274/forbes.galenos.2022.97830
10. Bhatnagar, A., & Kekatpure, A. L. (2022). Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: A Literature Review. Cureus, 14(9), e29367. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.29367
11. Bonaccorsi, G., Rizattti, M., Salanı, L., & Giganti, M. (2021). Postmenopausal osteoporosis: risk evaluation and treatment options. Minerva Obstetrics and Gynecology, 73(6). https://doi.org/10.23736/S2724-606X.21.04896-X
12. Borhan, S., Papaioannou, A., Gajic‐Veljanoski, O., Kennedy, C., Ioannidis, G., Berger, C., Goltzman, D., Josse, R., Kovacs, C. S., Hanley, D. A., Prior, J. C., Morin, S. N., Kaiser, S. M., Cheung, A. M., Thabane, L., & Adachi, J. (2019). Incident Fragility Fractures Have a Long‐Term Negative Impact on Health‐Related Quality of Life of Older People: The Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 34(5), 838-848. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.3666
13. Cacciatore, S., Massaro, C., & Landi, F. (2023). Preventing Osteoporosis, Sarcopenia and Obesity to Care about Quality of Life. Annals of geriatric medicine and research, 27(1), 87-90. https://doi.org/10.4235/agmr.22.0158
14. Carvalho, A. C. L., Gomes, F. de A., Bernardo Silva, A. V., Araújo, M. S., Barbosa, G. M., Avila, M. A., & de Souza, M. C. (2023). Self-Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Development of a Virtual Educational Booklet for Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 34, 74-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2023.04.002
15. Choi, E., Kim, J., Chung, M., & Hwang, K. (2008). Development of an Osteoporosis Awareness Scale for Women. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing, 38(6), 813-821. https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2008.38.6.813
16. El Hage, C., Hallit, S., Akel, M., & Dagher, E. (2019). Osteoporosis awareness and health beliefs among Lebanese women aged 40 years and above. Osteoporosis International, 30(4), 771-786. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-019-04901-2
17. Elgzar, W. T., Nahari, M. H., Sayed, S. H., & Ibrahim, H. A. (2023). Determinant of Osteoporosis Preventive Behaviors among Perimenopausal Women: A Cross-Sectional Study to Explore the Role of Knowledge and Health Beliefs. Nutrients, 15(13), 3052. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15133052
18. Erol, E., Okan, F., & Okan, S. (2023). Comparison of Physical Activity Levels and Quality of Life of Postmenoposal Women with and Without Osteoporosis. Turkish Journal of Osteoporosis, 29(1), 53-58. https://doi.org/10.4274/tod.galenos.2022.48344
19. Fistarol, M., Rezende, C. R., Figueiredo Campos, A. L., Kakehasi, A. M., & Geber, S. (2019). Time since menopause, but not age, is associated with increased risk of osteoporosis. Climacteric, 22(5), 523-526. https://doi.org/10.1080/13697137.2019.1634046
20. Gao, S., & Zhao, Y. (2023). Quality of life in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Quality of Life Research, 32(6), 1551-1565. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-022-03281-1
21. Gold, D. T., Williams, S. A., Weiss, R. J., Wang, Y., Watkins, C., Carroll, J., Middleton, C., & Silverman, S. (2019). Impact of fractures on quality of life in patients with osteoporosis: a US cross-sectional survey. Journal of Drug Assessment, 8(1), 175-183. https://doi.org/10.1080/21556660.2019.1677674
22. Gunay Ucurum, S., Altas, E. U., & Ozer Kaya, D. (2020). Comparison of the spinal characteristics, postural stability and quality of life in women with and without osteoporosis. Journal of orthopaedic science : official journal of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association, 25(6), 960-965. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jos.2019.12.015
23. Gülseren, Ş., Erol, A., Hizli, N., Memis, A., & Koçyigit, H. (2003). The reliability and validity of the Turkish version of Quality of Life Questionnaire of the European Foundation for Osteoporosis (QUALEFFO). Clinical Rheumatology, 22(1), 18-23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-002-0653-6
24. Hassan, N. E., El Shebini, S. M., El-Masry, S. A., Ahmed, N. H., El Sherity, S. Y., Abd el Hamed, E. R., & Aboud, H. T. (2019). Inter - Relationship of Awareness, Knowledge, Attitude, Some Socio-Economic Variables and Osteoporosis in Sample of Egyptian Women. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 7(15), 2538-2544. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.707
25. Hopman, W. M., Berger, C., Joseph, L., Morin, S. N., Towheed, T., Anastassiades, T., Adachi, J. D., Hanley, D. A., Prior, J. C., & Goltzman, D. (2019). Longitudinal Assessment of Health-Related Quality of Life in Osteoporosis: Data From the Population-Based Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study. Osteoporosis International, 30(8), 1635-1644. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-019-05000-y
26. Hsieh, E., Fraenkel, L., Bradley, E. H., Xia, W., Insogna, K. L., Cui, Q., Li, K., & Li, T. (2014). Osteoporosis knowledge, self-efficacy, and health beliefs among Chinese individuals with HIV. Archives of osteoporosis, 9(1), 201. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11657-014-0201-4
27. Ibrahim, H. A., Nahari, M. H., Al-khadher, M. A., Ismail, N. I., & Elgzar, W. T. (2023). Gender Disparities in Osteoporosis Knowledge, Health Beliefs and Preventive Behaviors in Najran City, Saudi Arabia. Nutrients, 15(16), 3658. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15163658
28. Ishtiyaq, W., Tariq, A., & Fatima, A. (2021). Prevalence of Osteoporosis and Its Impact on Quality of life of Pre and Post Menopausal Women. International Journal of Pharmacy & Integrated Health Sciences, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.56536/ijpihs.v1i1.11
29. Jehle-Kunz, S., Häuselmann, H.-J., Keschawarzi, M., Lamy, O., Luzuy, F., Marcoli, N., Meier, C., Uebelhart, B., & Wiedersheim, P. (2022). Risk Factors, Manifestation, and Awareness of Osteoporosis among Patients of Various Specialists in Switzerland: Results of a National Survey. Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 10(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10020295
30. Koevska, V., Nikolikj-Dimitrova, E., Mitrevska, B., Gjeracaroska-Savevska, C., Gocevska, M., & Kalcovska, B. (2019). Effect of Exercises on Quality of Life in Patients With Postmenopausal Osteoporosis - Randomized Trial. Open access Macedonian journal of medical sciences, 7(7), 1160-1165. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.271
31. LeBoff, M. S., Greenspan, S. L., Insogna, K. L., Lewiecki, E. M., Saag, K. G., Singer, A. J., & Siris, E. S. (2022). The Clinician’s Guide to Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis. Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA, 33(10), 2049-2102. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-021-05900-y
32. Li, Y., He, H., Wang, J., Chen, Y., Wang, C., Li, X., Dai, A., Liu, Y., Xi, X., Huang, J., Zou, M., Fan, Y., Zhou, M., Yi, P., Yu, L., & Lei, X. (2023). Effect of multidisciplinary health education based on lifestyle medicine on menopausal syndrome and lifestyle behaviors of menopausal women: A clinical controlled study. Frontiers in public health, 11, 1119352. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1119352
33. Lips, P., Cooper, C., Agnusdei, D., Caulin, F., Egger, P., Johnell, O., Kanis, J. A., Kellingray, S., Leplege, A., Liberman, U. A., McCloskey, E., Minne, H., Reeve, J., Reginster, J.-Y., Scholz, M., Todd, C., de Vernejoul, M. C., & Wiklund, I. (1999). Quality of Life in Patients with Vertebral Fractures: Validation of the Quality of Life Questionnaire of the European Foundation for Osteoporosis (QUALEFFO). Osteoporosis International, 10(2), 150-160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001980050210
34. Lorentzon, M., Johansson, H., Harvey, N. C., Liu, E., Vandenput, L., McCloskey, E. V., & Kanis, J. A. (2022). Osteoporosis and fractures in women: the burden of disease. Climacteric, 25(1), 4-10. https://doi.org/10.1080/13697137.2021.1951206
35. Mohapatra, S., Iqbal, Z., Ahmad, S., Kohli, K., Farooq, U., Padhi, S., Kabir, M., & Panda, A. K. (2020). Menopausal Remediation and Quality of Life (QoL) Improvement: Insights and Perspectives. Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets, 20(10), 1624-1636. https://doi.org/10.2174/1871530320666200730225830
36. Ocak Aktürk, S. (2019). Osteoporoz Farkındalık Ölçeğinin Türkçe Formunun Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması.
37. Oliveira, S. G. de, Caldas, C. P., Silva, C. S. S. L. da, & Cardoso, R. B. (2023). Creating Knowledge and Actions By Promoting Health in Aged Women With Osteoporosis. Texto & Contexto - Enfermagem, 32. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265x-tce-2022-0303en
38. Otero, M., Esain, I., González-Suarez, Á. M., & Gil, S. M. (2017). The effectiveness of a basic exercise intervention to improve strength and balance in women with osteoporosis. Clinical interventions in aging, 12, 505-513. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S127233
39. Oumer, K. S., Liu, Y., Yu, Q., Wu, F., & Yang, S. (2020). Awareness of osteoporosis among 368 residents in China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 21(1), 197. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-020-03217-1
40. Özişler, Z., Ünsal Delialioğlu, S., Özel, S., Onat, Ş. Ş., Şahin, A. Y., & Dolmuş, M. (2015). The Awareness of Elderly about Osteoporosis: What about Our Elderly? Türk Osteoporoz Dergisi, 21(2), 69-72. https://doi.org/10.4274/tod.30074
41. Pignolo, R. J., Law, S. F., & Chandra, A. (2021). Bone Aging, Cellular Senescence, and Osteoporosis. JBMR Plus, 5(4). https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm4.10488
42. Salari, N., Ghasemi, H., Mohammadi, L., Behzadi, M. hasan, Rabieenia, E., Shohaimi, S., & Mohammadi, M. (2021). The Global Prevalence of Osteoporosis in the World: a Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Içinde Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research (C. 16, Sayı 609, ss. 1-20). BioMed Central Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-021-02772-0
43. Sarafrazi, N. (2021). Osteoporosis or Low Bone Mass in Older Adults: United States, 2017-2018. https://doi.org/10.15620/cdc:103477
44. Senthilraja, M., Cherian, K. E., Jebasingh, F. K., Kapoor, N., Paul, T. V., & Asha, H. S. (2019). Osteoporosis knowledge and beliefs among postmenopausal women: A cross-sectional study from a teaching hospital in southern India. Journal of family medicine and primary care, 8(4), 1374-1378. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_95_19
45. Shawashi, T. O., & Darawad, M. (2020). Osteoporosis Knowledge, Beliefs and Self-efficacy Among Female University Students: A Descriptive Study. The Open Nursing Journal, 14(1), 211-219. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874434602014010211
46. Singh, N., Kumar, D., Yadav, G., Srivastava, M., Mishra, S., Gupta, A., Jauhari, S., & Roy, M. (2020). Comparison of quality of life and bone mass density among postmenopausal women: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Mid-life Health, 11(4), 224. https://doi.org/10.4103/jmh.JMH_107_20
47. Stanghelle, B., Bentzen, H., Giangregorio, L., Pripp, A. H., & Bergland, A. (2019). Associations between health-related quality of life, physical function and pain in older women with osteoporosis and vertebral fracture. BMC Geriatrics, 19(1), 298. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-019-1268-y
48. Tai, T.-W., Huang, C.-F., Huang, H.-K., Yang, R.-S., Chen, J.-F., Cheng, T.-T., Chen, F.-P., Chen, C.-H., Chang, Y.-F., Hung, W.-C., Han, D.-S., Chan, D.-C., Tsai, C.-C., Chen, I.-W., Chan, W. P., Chang, H.-J., Hwang, J.-S., & Wu, C.-H. (2023). Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis in Taiwan: 2022 Update. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfma.2023.01.007
49. Testa, E. J., Callanan, T. C., Evans, A. R., & Aaron, R. K. (2022). Osteoporosis and Fragility Fractures. Rhode Island medical journal (2013), 105(8), 15-21.
50. Türkiye Osteoporoz Derneği. (2017). Türkiye Kalça Kırığı İnsidansı ve Osteoporoz Prevalansı. https://osteoporoz.org.tr/resimler/buyuk/turkosteoporoz-osteoporoz.pdf
51. Wang, T., Huang, S., & He, C. (2022). Senescent Cells: A Therapeutic Target for Osteoporosis. Cell proliferation, 55(12), e13323. https://doi.org/10.1111/cpr.13323
52. Yang, M., Yin, H., Zhen, D., Ding, Y., Wang, Y., Sun, L., He, F., & Tang, X. (2023). Exposure to Famine in Every Stage of Life and the Risk of Osteoporosis and Fractures Later in Life: A Cross-Sectional Study. Bone, 168, 116644. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2022.116644
53. Yong, E.-L., & Logan, S. (2021). Menopausal Osteoporosis: Screening, Prevention and Treatment. Singapore Med Journal, 62(4), 159-166. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8801823/pdf/SMJ-62-159.pdf