Klimakterik Dönemdeki Kadınların Sağlık Okuryazarlığı ile Sağlık Algısı ve Kanser Tarama Tutumları Arasındaki İlişki

Abstract

Amaç: Klimakterik dönem kanserler de dahil olmak üzere kadınların sağlık risklerinin arttığı bir dönemdir. Bu çalışmanın amacı klimakterik dönemdeki kadınların sağlık okuryazarlığı ile sağlık algıları ve kanser tarama tutumları arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Yöntem: Bu kesitsel çalışmanın örneklemini 45-65 yaş aralığındaki 322 kadın oluşturmuştur. Veriler Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği-Kısa Form, Kanser Taramalarına Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği ve Sağlık Algısı Ölçeği kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde bağımsız örneklem t-testi, tek yönlü varyans analizi, Pearson korelasyon analizi ve doğrusal regresyon analizini kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Kadınların yaş ortalaması 49.14±5.33’tür. Son beş yılda kanser taraması yaptıran kadınların oranı %30,4'tür. Kanser taraması yaptıran kadınların %46,2'si pap smear, %46,9'u mamografi ve %6,9'u kolonoskopi yaptırmıştır. Kadınların sağlık okuryazarlığı puan ortalaması 29,35±9,75, kanser taramalarına yönelik tutum puan ortalaması 92,94±15,80 ve sağlık algısı puan ortalaması 44,07±7,62’dir. Sağlık okuryazarlığı ile kanser taramalarına yönelik tutum ve sağlık algısı arasında düşük düzeyde pozitif bir korelasyon saptanmıştır (p<0,05). Sonuç: Bulgularımız sağlık okuryazarlığı arttıkça kanser taramalarına yönelik tutumun olumlu yönde etkilendiğini göstermiştir. Sağlık okuryazarlığını artırmayı amaçlayan müdahaleler kanser tarama oranlarının artmasına katkıda bulunabilir.

Keywords

• Sağlık okuryazarlığı
• Kadın sağlığı
• Kanser erken tespiti
• Sağlık tutumu

THE RELATIONSHIP OF HEALTH LITERACY WITH PERCEPTION OF HEALTH AND CANCER SCREENING ATTITUDES IN CLIMACTERIC WOMEN

Abstract

Purpose: The climacteric period represents a period when women's health risks increase, including cancer. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between health literacy, health perception, and cancer screening attitudes of women in the climacteric period. Methods: The sample of this cross-sectional study consisted of 322 women aged between 45 and 65 years. Data were collected using the Short-Form Health Literacy Instrument, Attitude Scale for Cancer Screening, and Health Perception Scale. Independent Samples T-test, One-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis, and Linear regression analysis were used to analyze data. Results: The average age of the women was 49.14±5.33 years. The rate of women who had a cancer screening in the last five years was 30.4%. Of the women who had cancer screening, 46.2% had a pap smear, 46.9% had a mammography, and 6.9% had a colonoscopy. The health literacy average score was 29.35±9.75, the attitude for cancer screening average score was 92.94±15.80, and the health perception average score was 44.07±7.62. A low level of positive correlation was found between health literacy and attitudes toward cancer screening and health perception (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our findings showed that attitudes towards cancer screening were positively impacted as health literacy increased. Interventions aimed at increasing health literacy can contribute to increased cancer screening rates.

Keywords

• Attitude to health
• Early detection of cancer
• Health literacy
• Women

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