Isolated Ventricular Septal Defect in Children

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 28 - 40, 30.08.2024

Elif Uğurlu

https://doi.org/10.55895/sshs.1451238

Öz

Ventricular septal defect is one of the common acyanotic congenital heart diseases. Although it is generally asymptomatic, it can develop to pulmonary hypertension and Eisenmenger syndrome. Therefore, close monitoring of patients is essential. In case of delayed diagnosis time or inappropriate follow up program, the need for medical or surgical treatment will not be met, VSD complications may occur and the chance of surgical treatment may be lost after the development of Eisenmenger syndrome. The complication and mortality rates of surgical treatment are low. However, we think that it is important to inform families before surgery, as mortality may also develop due to complications other than cardiac causes such as infection.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Congenital heart disease, Venticular septal defect, Pediatric cardiology

Kaynakça

• Adan A., Eleyan L., Zaidi M., Ashry A., Dhannapuneni R., Harky A. (2021). Ventricular septal defect: diagnosis and treatments in the neonates: a systematic review. Cardiol Young. 31(5):756-761.
• Anderson R. H. (2019) Anderson’s Pediatric Cardiology. 4 th edition. Edinburgh. Elsevier, Butera G., Chessa M., Carminati M. (2007). Percutaneous closure of ventricular septal defects. Cardiol Young, 17(3):243–53.
• Dakkak W., Bhimji S. S. (2020). Ventricular septal defect. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island
• Feltes T. F., Bacha E., Beekman R. H. (2011). Indications for Cardiac Catheterization and Intervention in Pediatric Cardiac Disease. Circulation,123 (22): 2607–52.
• Gabriel H. M., Heger M., Innerhofer P., Zehetgruber M., Mundigler G., Wimmer M., Maurer G., Baumgartner H. (2002). Long-term outcome of patients with ventricular septal defect considered not to require surgical closure during childhood. J Am Coll Cardiol,39 (6):1066– 71.
• Galie N., Manes A., Palazzini M., Negro L., Marinelli A., Gambetti S., Mariucci E., Donti A., Branzi A., Picchio F. M. (2008). Management of pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital systemic-to-pulmonary shunts and Eisenmenger’s syndrome. Drugs,68(8):1049– 66
• Goldberg J. F. (2015). Long term follow-up of “Simple lesions- Atrial septal defect, Ventricular septal defect and coarctation of the aorta. Congenit Heart Dis,10: 466-74.
• Rudolph A. M. (1965). The natural history of ventricular septal defects in infancy. Am J Cardiol, 16: 634-53.
• Hollman A. (1967). Ventricular septal defect. Brith Heart J.; 29: 813.
• Landzberg M. J. (2007). Congenital Heart Disease Associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Clin Chest Med,28(1): 243–53.
• Lopez L., Houyel L., Colan SD., Anderson RH., Béland MJ., Aiello VD., Bailliard F., Cohen MS., Jacobs JP., Kurosawa H., Sanders SP., Walters HL 3rd., Weinberg PM., Boris JR., Cook AC., Crucean A., Everett AD., Gaynor JW., Giroud J., Guleserian KJ., Hughes ML., Juraszek AL., Krogmann ON., Maruszewski BJ., St Louis JD., Seslar SP., Spicer DE., Srivastava S., Stellin G., Tchervenkov CI., Wang L., Franklin RCG. (2018). Classification of Ventricular Septal Defects for the Eleventh Iteration of the International Classification of Diseases—Striving for Consensus: A Report From the International Society for Nomenclature of Paediatric and Congenital Heart Disease. Ann Thorac Surg.;106:1578–89.
• Mebus S., Schulze-Neick I., Oechslin E., Niwa K., Trindade P. T., Hager A., Hess J., Kaemmerer H. (2010). The Adult Patient with Eisenmenger Syndrome: A Medical Update after Dana Point Part II: Medical Treatment - Study Results. Curr Cardiol Rev; 6(4): 356–62.
• Minette M. S., Sahn D. S. (2006); Ventricular septal defects. Circulation, 114: 2190-7.
• Montigny M., Davignon A., Fouron JC., Biron P., Fournier A., Elie R. (1989). Captopril in infants for congestive failure secondary to a large left to right shunt. The Am J of Cardıology,63: 631- 3.
• Muralidaran A., Shen I. (2019). Critical Heart Disease in Infants and Children. 3 th edition. Philadelphia. Elsevier
• Newman T. B. (1985). Etiology of Ventricular Septal Defects: An Epidemiologic Approach. Pediatrics., 76 (5) 741-749
• Park M. K. (2020). Park’s Pediatric Cardiology for Practititoners. 7 th edition. Elsevier,124. Paytoncu Ş., Saylam G. S. (2008). Ventriküler septal defekt: Sınıflandırma, tanı, uzun sureli izlem ve tedavi. Türkiye Klinikleri Kardiyoloji Özel Sayısı;4: 324.
• Penny D. (2011).Ventricular septal defect. Lancet.; 377: 1103–12
• Pinto N. M., Waitzman R., Nelson R., Minich L., Krikov S., Botto L. D. (2018). Early Childhood Inpatient Costs of Critical Congenital Heart Disease. J. Pediatr;203:371-379.e7.
• Robert M., Kliegman M. D., Geme J. S. (2019). Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 21 th edition. Philadelphia. Elsevier,2189-99.
• Santhanam H., Yang L. Q., Chen Z., Tai B. C., Rajgor D. D., Quek S. C. (2018). A meta-analysis of transcatheter device closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defect. Int J Cardiol,254: 75–83.
• Soto B., Becker A. E., Moulaert A. J., Lie J. T., Anderson R. H. (1980). Classification of ventricular septal defects. Br HeartJ.; 43: 332-343.
• Spicer D. E., Hsu H. H., Co-Vu J., Anderson R. H., Fricker F. S. (2014). Ventricular septal defect.Orphanet J Rare Dis.; 9: 144.
• Tweddell J. S., Pelech A. N., Frommelt P. C. (2006). Ventricular septal defect and aortic valve regurgitation: pathophysiology and indications for surgery. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc SurgPediatr Card Surg Annu, 9(1): 147–52.
• Van Praagh R., Geva T., Kreutzer J. (1989). Ventricular Septal Defects: How Shall We Describe, Name and Classify Them? JACC, Vol 4: 1298-9.
• Wilson W., Taubert K. A., Gewitz M., Lockhart P. B., Baddour L. M., Levison M., Bolger A., Cabell C. H., Takahashi M., Baltimore R. S., Newburger J. W., Strom B. L., Tani L. Y., Gerber M., Bonow R. O., Pallasch T., Shulman S. T., Rowley A. H., Burns J. C., Ferrieri P., Gardner T., Goff D., Durack D. T. (2007). Prevention of Infective Endocarditis. Circulation, 116(15): 1736-54.