An Investigation on Adana Tırpani Mansion, One of the Detached House Examples
Öz
The modernization tendencies in the Ottoman Empire intensified as of the 19th century. This trend has brought innovations in many areas such as social structure, urban texture and architecture. In this period, Western influences became evident primarily in the capital city of Istanbul and later in the coastal cities with commercial activities. These effects started to spread in different parts of Anatolia with the developing transportation network. Adana city, which came to the fore with cotton trade in the second half of the 19th century, reached an important position in regional trade with the opening of the Mersin-Adana railway line. This development also enabled Adana to grow as an urban area. Surroundings of the station in Adana became the most popular settlement of the period and new constructions developed in this environment. The detached houses that started to be built in this location attracted attention with some Western elements in the facade design. A good example of these residences is Tırpani Mansion. The mansion was built in Adana at the beginning of the 20th century by Havace Tırpani, who is famous with his factories. The building, which has survived to the present day, has been tried to be introduced in detail with its architectural and ornamental features in this article. The building consists of two floors and an attic on a basement, is quite large with 27 rooms. With its plan type with a middle anteroom, the building continued the traditional housing concept. The features that make the mansion different are gathered on the exterior. The main facade of the building is opened to the outside using a balcony. The mansion stands out among the period residences with its columns with ionic column capitals, plasters adorning the facades, gradual fascia and summer rooms on the roof. When the general facade design of the building is examined, it is thought that it would have been built by a foreign architect or non-Muslim master who knows Western ornamentation elements. In addition, the elements of Ancient Greek culture in the facade decorations show that the owners of the mansion are non-Muslims and that these elements are particularly preferred in the decorations. The building is used as a school today. All interiors of the building, have been arranged for classrooms and other functions. In addition, some interventions were made on the south and east facades of the building. While the arches of windows in the basement were removed, the windows in this place were extended upwards. The frieze above the windows in the east section of the south facade have been removed. With this research, it has been determined that the mansion does not break away from the traditional understanding with its plan scheme, but it has European elements that were effective in the late Ottoman architecture in terms of ornamental features. With these features, the building is one of the representatives of the late period of the Ottoman civil architecture, which was influenced by the West.
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Müstakil Konut Örneklerinden Adana Tırpani Konağı Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Öz
Osmanlı Devleti’nde 19. yüzyıl itibarıyla yoğunlaşan modernleşme eğilimleri toplum yapısı, kent dokusu, mimari gibi pek çok alanda yeniliği beraberinde getirmiştir. Başta başkent İstanbul’da ve sonra ticari aktivitelerle kıyı kentlerinde kendini belli eden Batılı etkiler, gelişen ulaşım ağı ile Anadolu’nun farklı yerlerine yayılmaya başlamıştır. 19. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında pamuk ticareti ile ön plana çıkan ve Mersin-Adana demiryolu hattının açılması ile bölgesel ticarette önemli bir konuma ulaşan Adana, kentsel açıdan da büyüme kaydetmiştir. Adana’da istasyon çevresi dönemin en gözde yerleşim yerleri olmuş ve yeni yapılaşma daha çok bu çevrede gelişim göstermiştir. Yeni yerleşim yerlerinde inşa edilmeye başlanan müstakil konutlar, cephe tasarımında görülen bir takım Batılı unsurlarla dikkat çekmiştir. Bu konutların güzel bir örneği olan Tırpani Konağı, Adana’da fabrikaları ile ün salan Havace Tırpani tarafından 20. yüzyıl başlarında yaptırılmıştır. Günümüze sağlam olarak ulaşan yapı, bu makalede mimari ve süsleme özellikleri ile detaylı olarak tanıtılmaya çalışılmıştır. Çatı katı dâhil olmak üzere 27 odadan meydana gelen konağı farklı kılan özelliklerin daha çok dış cephede toplandığı tespit edilmiştir. Ana cephede balkon kullanılarak dışa açılan konak, iyon başlıklı sütunları, cepheleri süsleyen plasterleri, kademeli silmeleri ve çatı katındaki yazlık odaları ile dönem konutları içerisinde ayrışmıştır. Yapılan bu araştırma ile konağın plan şeması ile geleneksel anlayıştan kopmadığı fakat süsleme özellikleri açısından son dönem Osmanlı mimarisinde etkin olan Avrupai öğeleri taşıdığı belirlenmiştir.
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