OECD Ülkeleri Arasında Çevre–Sağlık Performansı: Türkiye’nin Konumunun WHO Skor Kartı Üzerinden Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Bu çalışma, çevre ve sağlık göstergelerini OECD ülkeleri ile Türkiye açısından karşılaştırmalı olarak incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çevresel faktörler, özellikle hava kirliliği, su ve sanitasyon koşulları ile iklim değişikliği, günümüzde halk sağlığını etkileyen temel belirleyiciler arasında yer almaktadır. Bu bağlamda çevresel risklerin sağlık üzerindeki etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi ve ülkeler arası farklılıkların ortaya konulması politika geliştirme süreçleri açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır. Araştırma nitel araştırma yaklaşımı kapsamında doküman analizi yöntemi kullanılarak yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından yayımlanan Health and Environment Country Scorecards verileri temel veri kaynağı olarak kullanılmıştır. OECD üyesi 37 ülkeye ait maruz kalma (exposure), sağlık etkisi (health impact) ve politika (policy) puanları incelenmiş ve Türkiye’nin performansı diğer ülkelerle karşılaştırılmıştır. Ayrıca hava kirliliği, su ve sanitasyon koşulları ile iklim değişikliği göstergeleri tematik olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma bulguları OECD ülkeleri arasında çevre ve sağlık göstergeleri açısından önemli farklılıklar bulunduğunu göstermektedir. Norveç, Kanada, Fransa ve Almanya gibi ülkeler yüksek çevre ve sağlık performansına sahipken Türkiye’nin maruz kalma, sağlık ve politika puanlarının incelenen ülkelerin büyük bölümünün gerisinde kaldığı belirlenmiştir. Özellikle Türkiye’de PM2.5 düzeylerinin Dünya Sağlık Örgütü sınır değerlerinin oldukça üzerinde olması, sanitasyon hizmetlerine erişimdeki yetersizlikler ve iklim değişikliği politikalarının sınırlı düzeyde olması dikkat çekici bulgular arasında yer almaktadır. Sonuç olarak çalışma, çevre ve sağlık politikalarının güçlendirilmesi gerektiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Hava kirliliğinin azaltılması, su ve sanitasyon altyapısının geliştirilmesi, iklim değişikliğine uyum politikalarının güçlendirilmesi ve sürdürülebilir kentleşme yaklaşımlarının benimsenmesi çevresel sağlık risklerinin azaltılmasında önemli rol oynayacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Çevre sağlığı
• hava kirliliği
• iklim değişikliği
• OECD ülkeleri

Environmental-Health Performance Among OECD Countries: Assessing Turkey's Position Using the WHO Scorecard

Öz

This study aims to examine environmental and health indicators comparatively between OECD countries and Turkey. Environmental factors, particularly air pollution, water and sanitation conditions, and climate change, are among the key determinants affecting public health today. In this context, assessing the impact of environmental risks on health and identifying differences between countries is of great importance for policy development processes. The research was conducted using the document analysis method within the scope of a qualitative research approach. The Health and Environment Country Scorecards data published by the World Health Organization were used as the primary data source in the study. The exposure, health impact, and policy scores of 37 OECD member countries were examined, and Turkey's performance was compared with that of other countries. In addition, air pollution, water and sanitation conditions, and climate change indicators were evaluated thematically. Research findings indicate significant differences among OECD countries in terms of environmental and health indicators. While countries such as Norway, Canada, France, and Germany have high environmental and health performance, Turkey's exposure, health, and policy scores lag behind most of the countries examined. Particularly noteworthy findings include the fact that PM2.5 levels in Turkey are well above World Health Organization limits, inadequate access to sanitation services, and limited climate change policies. In conclusion, the study highlights the need to strengthen environmental and health policies. Reducing air pollution, improving water and sanitation infrastructure, strengthening climate change adaptation policies, and adopting sustainable urbanization approaches will play a significant role in reducing environmental health risks.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Environmental health
• air pollution
• climate change
• OECD countries

Kaynakça

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