<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article  article-type="research-article"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                    <journal-id></journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Tabula Rasa: Felsefe ve Teoloji</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">1302-8898</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2148-7162</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Mevlüt ALBAYRAK</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id/>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence</subject>
                                                            <subject>Philosophy of Mind</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Yapay Zekâ Felsefesi</subject>
                                                            <subject>Zihin Felsefesi</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <article-title>Düşünen Makineler: Yapay Zekânın Doğası Üzerine Felsefi Düşünceler / Thinking Machines: Philosophical Reflections on the Nature of Artificial Intelligence</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4945-800X</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Çam</surname>
                                    <given-names>Atilla Volkan</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>PAMUKKALE ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9258-0337</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Yaldir</surname>
                                    <given-names>Hülya</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>PAMUKKALE ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20250629">
                    <day>06</day>
                    <month>29</month>
                    <year>2025</year>
                </pub-date>
                                                    <issue>44</issue>
                                        <fpage>59</fpage>
                                        <lpage>84</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20250323">
                        <day>03</day>
                        <month>23</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20250507">
                        <day>05</day>
                        <month>07</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2001, Tabula Rasa: Felsefe ve Teoloji</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2001</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Tabula Rasa: Felsefe ve Teoloji</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <abstract><p>Bu makale, “Makineler düşünebilir mi?” sorusunu yalnızca teknik bir yeterlilik meselesi olarak değil, düşüncenin mahiyetine, zihnin yapısına ve bilincin imkânına dair temel bir felsefi soruşturma olarak ele alır. Yapay zekâ, insan benzeri düşünme ve davranma kalıplarıyla ilişkilendirilerek dört temel paradigma çerçevesinde - insan gibi düşünen, insan gibi davranan, rasyonel düşünen ve rasyonel davranan sistemler - incelenir. Bu çerçeve, zihinsel etkinliğin salt hesaplamalı süreçler ve dışsal işlevlerle açıklanıp açıklanamayacağı ya da anlam, niyet ve bilinç gibi içkin fenomenleri zorunlu olarak içerip içermediği sorusunu gündeme taşır. Turing’in taklit oyunu ve Searle’ün Çin Odası düşünce deneyi, sentaktik işlem ile semantik kavrayış arasındaki farkı görünür kılarak, yapay sistemlerin gerçekten “anlayıp anlamadığı”na dair felsefi ayrımı temellendirir. Günümüzde doğal dil işleme, makine öğrenimi ve görsel algı gibi alanlarda kaydedilen ilerlemeler, yapay zekânın işlevsel gücünü önemli ölçüde artırmıştır. Ancak bu gelişmelerin, bilinçli deneyim, özne oluş ve anlam üretme yetisiyle örtüşüp örtüşmediği hâlâ açık bir sorudur. Güçlü yapay zekâ savunuları, zihinsel süreçlerin algoritmik olarak yeniden üretilebileceğini kabul eder. Buna karşılık eleştirel yaklaşımlar, zihni yalnızca işleyen bir mekanizma olarak değil, bedensel, ilişkisel ve fenomenolojik bir bütünlük içinde değerlendirir. Bu çalışma, yapay zekâyı teknik bir araç olarak değil, düşünceyi, anlamı ve bilinci yeniden düşünmeye çağıran felsefi bir meydan okuma olarak görmektedir. Düşünce, hesaplamaya indirgenemeyen, varoluşsal derinliği olan bir fenomendir. Bu bağlamda yapay zekâ sorusu, özünde insanın ne olduğu sorusuna yönelmiş çağdaş bir felsefi ifadedir.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                            <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Yapay Zeka</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Zihin</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Bilinç</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Güçlü ve Zayıf Yapay Zeka</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Turing Testi</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Çin Odası</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Hesaplama</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Simülasyon</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Anlam ve Niyetlilik</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                                                                                        </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Aristotle. (1965). Aristotle’s Prior and Posterior Analytics: A Revised text with Introduction and Commentary (W. D. Ross, Ed.). Oxford: The Clarendon Press.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Barr, A. &amp; Feigenbaum, E. (1981). The Handbook of Artificial Intelligence, California: William Kaufmann, Inc.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Butz, Martin V. (2021). “Towards Strong AI”. KI - Künstliche Intelligenz: Vol. 35, No. 1. DOI: 10.1007/s13218-021-00705-x. Springer. PISSN: 1610-1987. pp. 91-101.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Charniak, Eugene &amp; McDermott, Drew. (1985). Introduction to Artificial Intelligence, Canada: Addission Wesley Publishing Company.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ertel, W. (2017). Introduction to Artificial Intelligence (2nd. ed.). Switzerland: Springer International PublishingAG.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ferrucci, David A. &amp; et al. (2010). “Building Watson: An Overview of the DeepQA Project”, AI Magazine, 0738-4602, 31(3), 59–79, the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Haugeland, J. (1985). Artificial Intelligence: The Very Idea. Cambridge: MIT Press.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Hilbert, D., &amp; Ackermann, W. (1949). Grundzüge der theoretischen Logik (4. Aufl.). Berlin: Springer.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Hilbert, D., &amp; Ackermann, W. (1950). Principles of Mathematical Logic (Trans. L. M. Hammond, G. G. Leckie, &amp; F. Steinhardt,). New York: Chelsea Publishing Company.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Hildt, Elisabeth. (2019). “Artificial intelligence: Does consciousness matter?” Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1535. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01535</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kappeler, P. M., Fichtel, C., &amp; van Schaik, C. P. (2019). “There ought to be roots: Evolutionary precursors of social norms and conventions in non-human primates”. In N. Roughley &amp; K. Bayertz (Eds.), The Normative Animal? The Anthropological Significance of Social, Moral and Linguistic Norms (pp. 65–82). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190846466.003.0003</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kurzweil, R. (1990). The Age of Intelligent Machines. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Luger, G. F., &amp; Stubblefield, W. A. (2009). Artificial Intelligence: Structures and Strategies for Complex Problem Solving (6th ed.). Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">McBrearty, S., &amp; Brooks, A. S. (2000). “The Revolution that wasn’t: A new Interpretation of the Origin of Modern Human Behavior”. Journal of Human Evolution, 39 (5), 453–563.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">McCarthy, J., Minsky, M. L., Rochester, N., &amp; Shannon, C. E. (1955). A Proposal for The Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial İntelligence. Hanover, NH: Dartmouth College.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Newell, A., &amp; Simon, H. A. (1958). Heuristic problem solving: The next advance in operations research. Operations Research, 6(1), 1–10.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Newell, A., &amp; Simon, H. A. (1997). “Computer Science as Empirical Science: Symbols and Search”. In J. Haugeland (Ed.), Mind Design: Philosophy, Psychology, and Artificial İntelligence (pp. 81–111). MIT Press.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Rich, E., Knight, K., &amp; Nair, S. B. (2009). Artificial intelligence. New Delhi, India: Tata McGraw-Hill Education.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref19">
                        <label>19</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Russell, S. J., &amp; Norvig, P. (2003). Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (2nd ed.). New Jersey: Pearson Education.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref20">
                        <label>20</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Searle, J. R. (1980). “Minds, brains, and programs”. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 3(3), 417–457.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref21">
                        <label>21</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Searle, J. R. (2003). Minds, Brains, and Science (13th printing). Harvard University Press.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref22">
                        <label>22</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Sterelny, K. (2018). “Sceptical Reflections on Human Nature”. In E. Hannon &amp; T. Lewens (Eds.), Why We Disagree About Human Nature (pp. 108-126). Oxford University Press.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref23">
                        <label>23</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Turing, A. M. (1950). “Computing Machinery and Intelligence”. Mind, 59(236), 433–460. https://doi.org/10.1093/mind/LIX.236.433</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref24">
                        <label>24</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Winston, P. H. (1993). Artificial intelligence (3rd ed.). Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
