Critical Classroom Discourse Analysis of EFL Teachers and Students at the Department of English Language and Literature - Batna 2 University

Öz

This study sheds light on how English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers implement linguistic and paralinguistic features in the classroom. It also investigates students’ preferences and awareness related to the aforementioned characteristics. This investigation used a mixed-methods research approach, collecting data from teachers via observation grids and interviews, and from students via questionnaires. Fairclough’s approach to Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) was employed to draw findings about the use of modality, personal pronouns (PPs), teacher talking time (TTT), and teachers’ body language (TBL). The study reveals that the teachers in the Department of English Language and Literature at the University of Batna 2 had varying approaches to using modal verbs and PPs. Additionally, they tended to establish a casual rapport with their students by dropping formality in their speeches on alternate occasions. Furthermore, they asserted their authority through their body language and the amount of time they spent speaking. Over 50% of students, accordingly, were aware of their teachers’ authority display in the classroom and generally preferred formal and polite communication. This emphasised that it is crucial to consider students’ viewpoints in this area of endeavour as education is not only about teachers and how they provide material, but also about students who reflect any teaching style, method, or technique. Additional investigation is required in the domain of classroom discourse as well as teachers’ use of linguistic and paralinguistic features and their relationship with power and authority to achieve more precise outcomes in the field of English as a foreign language.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Critical Discourse Analysis
• Critical Classroom Discourse Analysis
• Classroom Discourse
• EFL
• Language Teaching
• Language Learning.

Batna 2 Üniversitesi İngiliz Dili ve Edebiyatı Bölümü Öğretmen ve Öğrencilerinin Eleştirel Sınıf İçi Söylem Analizi

Öz

Bu çalışma, İngilizceyi yabancı dil olarak (EFL) öğreten öğretmenlerin sınıfta dilsel ve dil ötesi özellikleri nasıl uyguladıklarını incelemekte ve ayrıca öğrencilerin bu özelliklere ilişkin farkındalıklarını ve tercihlerini araştırmaktadır. Araştırmada, öğretmenlerden gözlem formları ve görüşmeler, öğrencilerden ise anketler yoluyla veri toplanmıştır. Karma yöntemler yaklaşımı benimsenmiştir. Fairclough’un Eleştirel Söylem Analizi (CDA) yaklaşımı; kiplik, kişi zamirleri (PP’ler), öğretmen konuşma süresi (TTT) ve öğretmenlerin beden dili (TBL) kullanımını analiz etmek için kullanılmıştır. Araştırma, Batna 2 Üniversitesi İngiliz Dili ve Edebiyatı Bölümü’ndeki öğretmenlerin modal fiiller ve PP’leri kullanma konusunda farklı yaklaşımlar sergilediklerini ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca, öğretmenler, konuşmalarında resmiyet ve gayri resmi dili değiştirerek öğrencileriyle samimi bir ilişki kurmaya eğilimlidirler. Bunun yanı sıra, beden dilleri ve konuşmaya harcadıkları süre aracılığıyla otoritelerini ortaya koymaktadırlar. Öğrencilerin %50’den fazlası, öğretmenlerinin sınıftaki otorite gösterilerinin farkındadır ve genellikle daha resmi ve kibar bir iletişimi tercih etmektedir. Bu durum, öğretmenlerin dilsel ve dil ötesi özelliklerini kullanırken, öğrencilerin bakış açılarını dikkate almanın ne kadar önemli olduğunu vurgulamaktadır. Çünkü eğitim, sadece öğretmenlerin materyal sunumuyla ilgili değil, aynı zamanda öğrencilerin öğretim stillerine, yöntemlerine ve tekniklerine verdiği yanıtlarla da ilgilidir. Ek araştırmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır, özellikle öğretmenlerin dilsel ve dil ötesi özellikler kullanımı ile bunların güç ve otorite ile ilişkisini incelemek ve yabancı dil olarak İngilizce alanındaki daha net sonuçlara ulaşmak için.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• : Eleştirel Söylem Analizi
• Eleştirel Sınıf Söylem Analizi
• Sınıf Söylemi
• Yabancı Dil Öğretimi
• Dil Öğretimi
• Dil Öğrenimi.

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