<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article  article-type="research-article"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>taühfd</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Türk-Alman Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">2687-3923</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2687-461X</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Türk-Alman Üniversitesi</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.59933/tauhfd.1324519</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Domestic Human Rights Law</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Yurtiçi İnsan Hakları Hukuku</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <article-title>Almanya’da Yardımlı İntihar</article-title>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>Assisted Suicide in Germany</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <trans-title-group xml:lang="de">
                                    <trans-title>Assistierter Suizid in Deutschland</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4475-4472</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Kayacan</surname>
                                    <given-names>Derya Nur</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>TÜRK-ALMAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ, REKTÖRLÜK</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20230630">
                    <day>06</day>
                    <month>30</month>
                    <year>2023</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>5</volume>
                                        <issue>1</issue>
                                        <fpage>81</fpage>
                                        <lpage>116</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20220419">
                        <day>04</day>
                        <month>19</month>
                        <year>2022</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20230313">
                        <day>03</day>
                        <month>13</month>
                        <year>2023</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2019, Türk-Alman Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2019</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Türk-Alman Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <abstract><p>Son dönemlerde sıklıkla tartışılan ölme hakkı, kişisel özerkliğe verilen önemin artmasıyla özel yaşama saygı hakkının sınırlarının yeniden tanımlamaya çalışma çabasıdır. Özel yaşama saygının bir boyutu olarak değerlendirilen kendi geleceğini belirleme hakkı ile yaşam hakkının çatışması olan ölme hakkından, kişinin kendi özgür iradesi ile yaşamını bir başkasının eliyle (ötanazi) ya da yardımıyla (yardımlı intihar) sonlandırması anlaşılır. Ölme hakkının en liberal şekilde uygulama bulduğu ülkelere komşu olan Almanya’da bu hakkın hukuki durumu belirsizliklere çevrilidir. Ceza Kanunu’nda ötanazi açıkça suç teşkil ederken ne intiharı ne de intihara yardımı suç olarak tanımlayan Almanya, İsviçre’de oldukça popüler yardımlı intihar organizasyonlarının kanundaki boşluktan faydalanarak Almanya’da faaliyetlerini artırmalarının önüne geçmek istemiştir. Böylelikle 2015’te Ceza Kanunu’na sistemli bir şekilde sağlanan intihar yardımını suç olarak tanımlayan madde 217 eklenmiş, fakat 5 yıl yürürlükte kaldıktan sonra 2020’de Federal Anayasa Mahkemesi’nin anayasaya aykırılık kararı ile iptal edilmiştir. Her ne kadar organizasyonlar düşünülerek düzenlenmişse de, 217. madde doktorları da etkilemektedir. Doktorlar, görevleri gereği ciddi şekilde acı çeken ve hastalığa daha fazla tahammül etmek istemeyip ölmeyi tercih eden hastalardan gelen ölme isteklerinin ilk muhatabıdır. Ölme hakkının tıp biliminden bağımsız düşünülmesi mümkün değildir. Dolayısıyla tıp camiasının ölme hakkına yaklaşımı oldukça önem arz etmektedir. Bir doktorun kariyeri boyunca birden fazla kez yaşamını sonlandırmak için yardım isteyen hastayla karşılaşması olağandır. Bu durumda doktorun birden fazla hastasının intiharına yardım etmesi sistemli sayılarak madde 217 altında suç teşkil edecek midir? Maddenin iptal edilmesiyle bu sorunun cevabının çok bir ehemmiyeti kalmasa da, tıp mesleğini düzenleyen diğer kanun ve tıbbi etik kurallar altında doktorun yardımlı intiharda rol alıp alamayacağı yine belirsizliklerle çevrili olagelmiştir. Fakat Federal Anayasa Mahkemesi’nin açıkça ölme hakkını genel kişilik hakkının bir uzantısı olarak kabul etmesiyle, kişilerin bu haklarını tasarruf edebilmeleri için gerekli düzenlemeler yapılmalı ve doktorların yardımlı intihardaki rolleriyle ilgili belirsizlikler kanun koyucu tarafından giderilmelidir.</p></abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>The right to die debate is an effort to redefine the borders of the right to self-determination, an aspect of the right to respect for private life, meanwhile trying to reconcile the conflict between the interests protected under the right to life and the increased value of personal autonomy. The question that lies in the core of this debate is whether the autonomous decision to die with the direct act (euthanasia) or help (assisted suicide) of a third person should be respected. The legal situation of the right to die is still not adequately clear in Germany, which is neighbour to States with some of the most liberal practices such as the Netherlands and Switzerland. While euthanasia forbidden, neither suicide nor assisted suicide is a crime under the German Criminal Code. In 2015, the German legislator adopted section 217 of the Criminal Code that prohibits business-like assisted suicide in order to prevent the establishment of assisted suicide organizations similar to those in Switzerland. Although the aim of the section was to prevent organizations, it also affected doctors, whose involvement in assisted suicide is mostly unavoidable. Doctors are often the first address for patients, who no longer want to continue living due to their illness. It is impossible to discuss the right to die without involving the medical profession. Would it qualify as business-like assisted suicide if a doctor obliges with more than one request for suicide assistance? The answer is not as relevant anymore, since this prohibition was found unconstitutional and section 217 was declared void in 2020. The Constitutional Court expressly included the right to die under the general right to personality. However, there are other regulations that apply to the medical profession that still blur the legal situation of their involvement in assisted suicide. Doctors must consider the Narcotic Drugs Act, which regulates the most-often-used drug for assisted suicide – sodium pentobarbital – , and the Code of Professional Conduct before participating in assisted suicide. More than two years after the Constitutional Court’s judgments, the legislator is yet to regulate assisted suicide.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <trans-abstract xml:lang="de">
                            <p>Die Debatte über das Recht auf Sterben ist ein Versuch, die Grenzen des Selbstbestimmungsrechts (das ein Aspekt des Rechts auf Achtung des Privatlebens ist) neu zu definieren und dabei den Konflikt zwischen den geschützten Interessen und dem gestiegenen Wert der persönlichen Autonomie auszugleichen. Im Mittelpunkt dieser Debatte steht die Frage, ob die autonome Entscheidung einer Person, mit Hilfe einer anderen Person zu sterben, respektiert werden sollte. Das Recht auf Sterben ist in den letzten Jahren vor allem in Europa intensiv diskutiert worden. Neben dem Europäischen Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte haben sich auch mehrere nationale Gerichte mit diesem Thema befasst. Einer dieser Staaten ist Deutschland.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                            <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Almanya’da ölme hakkı</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  kendi geleceğini belirleme hakkı</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  sistematik yardımlı intihar yasağı</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  yardımlı intihar</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                    
                                                                            <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>right to die in Germany</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  right to self-determination</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  business-like assisted suicide</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  assisted suicide</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                                        </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">BALL Howard, The Right to Die: A Reference Handbook, ABC-CLIO, Santa Barbara, 2017.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">BOSSHARD Georg, “Switzerland”, GRIFFITHS John/WEYERS Heleen/ADAMS Maurice, Euthanasia and Law in Europe, 2. edn, Hart Publishing, Oxford, 2008, 463.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bundesärztekammer, 114. Deutscher Ärztetag Beschlussprotokoll, Bundesärzte- kammer, 2011.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bundesärztekammer, “Grundsätze der Bundesärztekammer zur ärztlichen Ster- bebegleitung”, Deutsches Ärzteblatt, 2004, 101(19), A1298-99.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bundesärztekammer, “Hinweise der Bundesärztekammer zum ärztlichen Umgang mit Suizidalität und Todeswünschen nach dem Urteil des Bundesverfassungsgerichts zu § 217 StGB”, Deutsches Ärzteblatt, (2021), 118(29-39), A1428-1432.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bundestag - Drucksache 18/5373 [1 Temmuz 2015]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bundestag – Drucksache 18/8750 [9 Nisan 2019]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bundestag – Drucksache 19/1860 [25 Nisan 2018]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bundestag – Drucksache 19/2090 [11 Mayıs 2018]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bundestag – Drucksache 19/9847 [2 Mayıs 2019]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bundestag – Drucksache 20/904 [07 Mart 2022]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bundestag – Drucksache 8/3551 [9 Ocak 1980]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">COHEN-ALMAGOR Raphael, Euthanasia in the Netherlands: The Policy and Practice of Mercy Killing, Springer, Dordrecht, 2004.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">DI FABIO Udo, “Erwerbserlaubnis letal wirkender Mittel zur Selbsttötung in Existenziellen Notlagen - Rechtsgutachten zum Urteil des Bundesverwaltungsgerichts vom 2. März 2017-3 C 19/15” https://www.bfarm.de/SharedDocs/Pressemitteilungen/DE/2018/pm1- 2018.html [Erişim Tarihi: 17 Kasım 2022]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">DUTTGE Gunner, “Das Gewissen im Kontext des modernen Arztrechts”, BOR- MANN Franz-Josef/WETZSTEIN Verena (ed) Gewissen: Dimensionen ei- nes Grundbegriffs medizinischer Ethik, De Gruyter, Berlin, 2014, 543-560</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">FREIRE DE ANDRADE NEVES Marcos, “States of uncertainty: plural laws and affective governance in the context of assisted suicide in Germany”, Jo- urnal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law, 50(3)/2018, 317-329.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">FOCARELLI Carlo, “Euthanasia” Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law, 2020, https://opil.ouplaw.com/view/10.1093/law:epil/9780199231690/law- 9780199231690-e793?prd=EPIL [Erişim Tarihi: 14 Mart 2022]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">GAVELA Kallia, Ärztlich assistierter Suizid und organisierte Sterbehilfe, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2013</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref19">
                        <label>19</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">GRIFFITHS John/WEYERS Heleen/ADAMS Maurice, Euthanasia and Law in Europe, 2. edn, Hart Publishing, Oxford, 2008</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref20">
                        <label>20</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">JONES David Albert/GASTMANS Chris/MACKELLER Calum (eds), Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide: Lessons from Belgium, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2017</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref21">
                        <label>21</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">KAYACAN Derya Nur, The Right to Die with Dignity: How far do Human Rights Extend?, Springer, Cham, 2022</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref22">
                        <label>22</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">KLINKHAMMER Gisela, “Ärztekammern und Sterbehilfe: Darf ein Arzt beim Sterben helfen?”, Deutsches Ärzteblatt, 110(11)/ 2013, A-500, B-444, C-444</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref23">
                        <label>23</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">LORENZ Dieter, “Sterbehilfe als Beruf?” MedR, 28/2010, 823-828</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref24">
                        <label>24</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">PETERMANN Frank Th., “Rechtliche Überlegungen zur Problematik der Rezeptierung und Verfügbarkeit von Natrium-Pentobarbital”, AJP/PJA 4/2006, 439-467</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref25">
                        <label>25</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">RADBRUCH Lukas/LEGET Carlo/ BAHR Patrick ve diğerleri, “Euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide: A White Paper from the European Associa- tion for Palliative Care”, Palliative Medicine 30(2), Şubat 2016, 104-116</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref26">
                        <label>26</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">ROSENAU Henning/SORGE Igor, “Gewerbsmäßige Suizidförderung als stra- fwürdiges Unrecht? Kritische Anmerkungen zum Regierungsentwurf über die Strafbarkeit der gewerbsmäßigen Förderung der Selbsttötung (§ 217 StGB-E)” Neue Kriminalpolitik 25(2)/2013, 108-119</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref27">
                        <label>27</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">SARTORI Daria, “End-of-Life Issues and the European Court of Human Rights. The Value of Personal Autonomy within a ‘Proceduralized’ Review” QIL Zoom-in 52/2018, 23-43</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref28">
                        <label>28</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">SCHILDMANN Jan/VOLLMANN Jochen, “Sterbehilfe – Streit um eine gesetz- liche Neuregelung Ärztliche Handlungspraxis am Lebensende: Empi- rische Daten, ethische Analysen”, Deutsche Medizinische Wochensch- rift, 140(01)/2015, 22-29</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref29">
                        <label>29</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">STILLER Lisa, Sterbehilfe und assistierter Suizid, Nomos, Baden-Baden, 2020</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref30">
                        <label>30</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">WOLL Laura Katharina, “Ein Update zum Recht auf selbstbestimmtes Sterben nach der Entscheidung des Bundesverfassungsgerichts zu § 217 StGB” Jean-monnet-saar, 2020, https://jean-monnet- saar.eu/?page_id=2467#_edn17 [Erişim Tarihi: 18 Kasım 2022]
WOLL Laura Katharina, “Sterben dürfen und sterben lassen? Die Herrschaft über den eigenen Tod im Lichte der EMRK, des deutschen Rechts und des Unionsrechts”, ZEuS, 2/2018, 181-216</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref31">
                        <label>31</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">ZENZ Julia/ TRYBA Michael/ZENZ Michael, “Tötung auf Verlangen und assistier- ter Suizid”, Schmerz 29/2015, 211–216</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref32">
                        <label>32</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[2008] BVerfG 1 BvR 1832</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref33">
                        <label>33</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[2012] VG Berlin 9 K 63.09</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref34">
                        <label>34</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[2014] BGH 1 StR 494/13</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref35">
                        <label>35</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[2017] BVerwG 3 C 19.15</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref36">
                        <label>36</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[2020] BVerfG 1 BvL 2/20</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref37">
                        <label>37</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[2020] BVerfG 2 BvR 2347/15</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref38">
                        <label>38</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[2020] VfGH, G 139/2019-71</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref39">
                        <label>39</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">AİHM, Koch / Almanya (497/09) 19 Temmuz 2012 AİHM, Pretty / Birleşik Krallık (2346/02) 29 Nisan 2002</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref40">
                        <label>40</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">––, “Bundesärztekammer gegen Sterbehilfe: ‘Lassen Sie das doch den Klempner machen’”, 12 Aralık 2014, https://www.sueddeutsche.de/gesundheit/bundesaerztekammer-gegen- sterbehilfe-lassen-sie-das-doch-den-klempner-machen-1.2265540 [Erişim Tarihi: 14 Nisan 2022]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref41">
                        <label>41</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">––, “Gesundheitsministerium: BfArM darf keine Suizidmittel ausgeben” 29 Ha- ziran 2018, https://www.aerzteblatt.de/nachrichten/96168/Gesund- heitsministerium-BfArM-darf-keine-Suizidmittel-ausgeben [Erişim Ta- rihi: 31 Mart 2022]; Bundestag – Drucksache 19/32360 [8 Eylül 2021]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref42">
                        <label>42</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">––, “Radikaler Bruch mit be bewährter Rechtskultur”, 28 Şubat 2020, https://www.domradio.de/artikel/radikaler-bruch-mit-bewaehrter- rechtskultur-weiter-kritik-karlsruher-urteil-zu-sterbehilfe [Erişim Tarihi: 13 Nisan 2022]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref43">
                        <label>43</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">––, “Sollen Ärzte beim Suizid assistieren dürfen?”, 22 Ağustos 2012, https://www.aerztezeitung.de/Politik/Sollen-Aerzte-beim-Suizid- assistieren-duerfen-346861.html [Erişim Tarihi: 11 Kasım 2022]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref44">
                        <label>44</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">––, “ Sterbehilfe: Schäuble erwartet Neuregelung”, 24 Aralık 2020, https://www.zdf.de/nachrichten/politik/schaeuble-neuregelung- sterbehilfe-100.html [Erişim Tarihi: 12 Nisan 2022]
––, “Viele Palliativmediziner sind gegen Beihilfe zum Suizid”, 22 September 2015, https://www.spiegel.de/gesundheit/psychologie/sterbehilfe- palliativmediziner-gegen-beihilfe-zum-suizid-a-1054123.html [Erişim Tarihi: 11 Kasım 2022]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref45">
                        <label>45</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Alman Anayasası, Çev. RUMPF Christian/UZAR Gökçe, https://www.btg- bestellservice.de/pdf/80207000.pdf [Erişim Tarihi: 10 Nisan 2022]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref46">
                        <label>46</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Death with Dignity, “Terminology of Assisted Dying” https://www.deathwithdignity.org/terminology/ [Erişim Tarihi: 14 Mart 2022]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref47">
                        <label>47</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Dignitas, “Informations-Broschüre” http://www.dignitas.ch/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp; id=22&amp;Itemid=5&amp;lang=de [Erişim Tarihi: 15 Mart 2022]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref48">
                        <label>48</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Dignitas, “Accompanied suicide of members of Dignitas, by year and by country of residency. 1998-2021” statistik-ftb-jahr-wohnsitz-1998-2021.pdf (dignitas.ch) [Erişim Tarihi: 11 Kasım 2022]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref49">
                        <label>49</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">EXIT, “Mitglied werden” https://pv.exit.ch/register [Erişim Tarihi: 15 Mart 2022]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref50">
                        <label>50</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">FRICKE Anno, “Bundesregierung will Entwurf zur Sterbehilfe-Reform nicht veröffentlichen”,
https://www.aerztezeitung.de/Politik/Bundesregierung-will-Entwurf- zur-Sterbehilfe-Reform-nicht-veroeffentlichen-418628.html [Erişim Tarihi: 14 Nisan 2022]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref51">
                        <label>51</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">HILGENDORF Eric/ROSENAU Henning, “Stellungnahme deutscher Strafrechtslehrerinnen und Strafrechtslehrer zur geplanten Ausweitung der Strafbarkeit der Sterbehilfe” 2015, https://www.jura.uni- wuerzburg.de/lehrstuehle/hilgendorf/nachrichtenarchiv/single/news/re solution-gegen-eine-verschaerfte-kriminalisierung-von-sterbehilfe/ [Erişim Tarihi: 15.11.2022]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref52">
                        <label>52</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">MATTHEWS-KING Alex, “Stephen Hawking death: How did physicist live so long with motor neurone disease?” 14 Mart 2018, https://www.independent.co.uk/news/health/stephen-hawking-death-how-live-als-motor-neurone-disease-long-treatment-a8255241.html [Erişim Tarihi: 21 Mart 2022]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref53">
                        <label>53</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Mayo Clinic, “Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)” 22 Şubat 2022, https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/amyotrophic-lateral- sclerosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20354022 [Erişim Tarihi: 12 Mart 2022]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref54">
                        <label>54</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">MÜLLER_NEUHOF Jost, “Regierung ignoriert Sterbehilfe-Urtlei” 18 Ağustos 2018, https://www.tagesspiegel.de/politik/leiden-von-schwerkranken- regierung-ignoriert-sterbehilfe-urteil/22928102.html [Erişim Tarihi: 30 Mart 2022]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref55">
                        <label>55</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">ROSER Max/ ORTIZ-OSPINA Esteban/ RITCHIE Hannah, “Life Expectancy”Our World in Data, Ekim 2019. https://ourworldindata.org/life-expectancy [Erişim Tarihi: 12 Mart 2022]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref56">
                        <label>56</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">SOLIMAN Tina, “Sterbehilfe: Spahn boykottiert Recht” 14 Ekim 2020, https://daserste.ndr.de/panorama/archiv/2020/Sterbehilfe-Spahn- boykottiert-Recht,sterbehilfe360.html [Erişim Tarihi: 30 Marto 2022]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref57">
                        <label>57</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">STARZMANN Paul, “Wann kommt die Reform der Sterbehilfe?”, https://www.tagesspiegel.de/politik/bundestag-soll-ueber-tabuthema- entscheiden-wann-kommt-die-reform-der-sterbehilfe/27588654.html [Erişim Tarihi: 14 Nisan 2022]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref58">
                        <label>58</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">WEFING Heinrich, “Recht auf Tod - Machtwort aus Karlsruhe: Der Sterbehilfe- Paragraf im Strafgesetzbuch ist nichtig.” 26 Şubat 2020, https://www.zeit.de/2020/10/paragraf-217-sterbehilfe-strafgesetzbuch [Erişim Tarihi: 18 Kasım 2022]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref59">
                        <label>59</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">World Health Organization, “Palliative Care”, 5 Ağustos 2020, https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/palliative-care [Erişim Tarihi: 18 Kasım 2022]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
