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Geç Başlangıçlı Pnömonili Yenidoğanlarda Perfüzyon İndeksi Hastalığın Şiddeti ve Prognozu Öngörülebilir mi?

Year 2022, Volume: 16 Issue: 6, 481 - 486, 30.11.2022
https://doi.org/10.12956/tchd.1014166

Abstract

Amaç: Pnömoni yenidoğanlarda sepsise neden olan önemli bir hastalık olup özellikle gelişmekte olan ülkelerde enfeksiyonlara bağlı ölümlerin çoğunluğunu oluşturmaktadır. Kliniklerde yaygın kullanılan nabız oksimetreler kalp atım hızı, arteriyal oksijen doygunluğu yanında perfüzyon indeksini (PI) de belirleyebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada geç başlangıçlı pnömoni (GBP) gelişen yenidoğanlarda PI’nin hastalığın şiddeti ve prognozunu belirlemedeki rolü;PI ile solunum destek ihtiyacı ve Silverman Anderson Retraksiyon Skorlaması(SAS) arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu prospektif çalışmada Aralık 2017 - Haziran 2018 arasında geç başlangıçlı pnömoni (GBP) tanılı 30 term yenidoğanın yatışında, tedavininin 24.saati ve taburculuğunda; kontrol grubunda ise 30 term sağlıklı yenidoğanın taburculuğunda 3 dakika boyunca 10 saniyede bir sağ üst ekstremiteden PI ölçümleri yapılmıştır.Veriler karşılaştırılarak PI’nin hastalığın şiddeti, prognozu, solunum destek ihtiyacı ve Silverman Anderson Retraksiyon Skorlaması (SAS) ile ilişkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Bulgular: Olguların doğum ağırlığı ortalama çalışma grubunda 3570 g (2000-4600), kontrol grubunda 3610 g (2800–4100)olup aralarında fark yoktu (p>0.05). Gebelik yaşları ortalama çalışma grubunda 392/7 (365/7–413/7), kontrol grubunda 396/7 (373/7-405/7) hafta olup aralarındaki fark anlamlı değildi (p>0.05). Gruplarda kız/erkek oranı benzerdi. Yaş ortancası kontrol grubunda 9.5 (3-27), hasta grubunda 21 gün (5-28) olup hasta grubunda daha yüksekti (p<0.05). Ortanca kapiller dolum zamanı kontrol grubunda 1,7; hasta grubunda 1.6 saniye olup aralarında fark yoktu (p>0.05). Ortalama PI kontrol grubunda 2.3±0.9; çalışma grubunda yatışta 3.6±1.2, birinci gün 3.2±1.2, taburculukta 3.4±0.7’di. Çalışma grubunun yatış ve birinci gün PI değerleri, kontrol grubundan yüksekti (p<0.05).
Hastalarda %50 bilateral, %30 sağ parakardiyak, %10 sol parakardiyak, %3.3 sağ alt lobda retiküler infiltrasyon vardı. Kan kültürlerinde alfa-hemolitik streptokok 1 (%3.3), Acinetobacter iwoffii 1 (%3.3); solunum yolu sekresyonlarında Solunum Sinsityel Virus 6 (%20), Coronavirüs 4 (%13.3), Rhinovirüs 2 (%6.7) ve İnfluenza A 1 (%3.3) olguda gösterildi.
Serbest akış oksijen 17 (%56.7), hoodla oksijen 5 (%16.7), ısıtılmış nemlendirilmiş yüksek akışlı nasal kanül 1 (%3.3), nasal sürekli hava yolu basıncı 4 (%13.3), nasal aralıklı pozitif basınçlı ventilasyon 4 (%13.3) olguya uygulandı. Yatışta basınç ihtiyacı olanlarda PI daha yüksekti (p<0.05). Çalışma grubunda yatıştaki SAS ile PI arasında pozitif korelasyon saptandı (p=0.008). Yatış süresince PI düşen hasta sayısının arttığı saptandı.


Sonuç:
Yenidoğanlarda GBP’lerde hastalığın şiddeti, solunum destek ihtiyacı ve prognozun PI ile öngörülemediği; SAS ile PI arasında ilişki olmadığı gösterildi. Güvenilir veriler için daha çok olgu, hassas prob ve monitörlerle çalışma yapılması gerektiği sonucuna varıldı. Ayrıca, sağlıklı yenidoğanlarda PI’nin iyilik halini gösterme ve hayati tehlikeyi erken saptamadaki rolünün belirlenebilmesi için yeni çalışmalar yapılmalıdır.

References

  • The Child Health Research Project. Reducing perinatal and neonatal mortality: report of a meeting Baltimore, Maryland. Baltimore 1999;3:6–12.
  • Duke T. Neonatal pneumonia in developing countries. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2005;90:F211-FF9.
  • Çocukların (0-6 yaş) son 6 ay içinde geçirdiği başlıca hastalık/sağlık sorunlarını cinsiyete göre dağılımı 2016. www.TUIK.gov.tr.
  • Lima AP, Beelen P, Bakker J. Use of a peripheral perfusion index derived from the pulse oximetry signal as a noninvasive indicator of perfusion. Crit Care Med 2002;30:1210-3.
  • Granelli A, Ostman-Smith I. Noninvasive peripheral perfusion index as a possible tool for screening for critical left heart obstruction. Acta Paediatr 2007;96:1455-9.
  • De Felice C, Latini G, Vacca P, Kopotic RJ. The pulse oximeter perfusion index as a predictor for high illness severity in neonates. Eur J Pediatr 2002;161:561-2.
  • Lima AP, Beelen P, Bakker J. Use of a peripheral perfusion index derived from the pulse oximetry signal as a noninvasive indicator of perfusion. Critical care medicine 2002;30:1210-3.
  • Unal S, Ergenekon E, Aktas S, Beken S, Altuntas N, Kazanci E, et al. Perfusion index assessment during transition period of newborns: an observational study. BMC Pediatr 2016;16:164.
  • Richardson DK, Corcoran JD, Escobar GJ, Lee SK. SNAP-II and SNAPPE-II: simplified newborn illness severity and mortality risk scores. J Pediatr 2001;138:92-100.
  • Hakan N. Determination of perfusion index reference values ​​and variability in the early neonatal period in clinically and hemodynamically stable newborns (Minor Specialization Thesis), Ankara 2012.
  • Sahni R, Schulze K, Ohira‐Kist K, Kashyap S, Myers M, Fifer W. Interactions among peripheral perfusion, cardiac activity, oxygen saturation, thermal profile and body position in growing low birth weight infants. Acta Paediatr 2010;99:135-9.
  • Kinoshita M, Hawkes CP, Ryan CA, Dempsey EM. Perfusion index in the very preterm infant. Acta Paediatr 2013;102:e398-e401.
  • Ramsey I, Mohamed H, Nabil N, Abdalah S, Hasanin A, Eladawy A, et al. Evaluation of Perfusion Index as a Predictor of Vasopressor Requirement in Patients with Severe Sepsis. Shock 2015;44:554-9.
  • Kroese JK, van Vonderen JJ, Narayen IC, Walther FJ, Hooper S, te Pas AB. The perfusion index of healthy term infants during transition at birth. Eur J Pediatr 2016;175:475-9.
  • Cresi F, Pelle E, Calabrese R, Costa L, Farinasso D, Silvestro L. Perfusion index variations in clinically and hemodynamically stable preterm newborns in the first week of life. Ital J Pediatr 2010;36:6.
  • De Felice C, Del Vecchio A, Criscuolo M, Lozupone A, Parrini S, Latini G. Early postnatal changes in the perfusion index in term newborns with subclinical chorioamnionitis. Arch Dis Child 2005;90:F411-4.
  • Lima A, Bakker J. Noninvasive monitoring of peripheral perfusion. Intens Care Med 2005;31:1316-26.
  • Peters JK, Nishiyasu T, Mack GW. Reflex control of the cutaneous circulation during passive body core heating in humans. J Appl Physiol 2000

Does Perfusion Index in Term Neonate with Late-Onset Pneumonia Predict Disease Severity and Prognosis?

Year 2022, Volume: 16 Issue: 6, 481 - 486, 30.11.2022
https://doi.org/10.12956/tchd.1014166

Abstract

Objective: Pneumonia is an important disease that causes sepsis in newborns and constitutes the majority of deaths due to infections, especially in developing countries. Pulse oximeters that are widely used in clinics, can determine heart rate, arterial oxygen saturation, additionally perfusion index (PI). In this study, the role of PI in determining the severity and prognosis of the disease in newborns with late-onset pneumonia (LOP); the relationship between PI and respiratory support need and Silverman Anderson Retraction Score (SAS) were aimed to determine.

Material and Methods: In this prospective study, 30 term newborns diagnosed with late-onset pneumonia (LOP) were at the time of hospitalization,at the 24th hours of their treatment, and discharge; in the control group, PI measurements were made from the right upper extremity every 10 seconds for 3 minutes at the discharge of 30 term healthy newborns between December 2017 and June 2018. By comparing the data, it was aimed to determine the relationship of PI with the severity of the disease, prognosis, need for respiratory support and Silverman Anderson Retraction Score (SAS).

Results: Their mean birth weights was 2000 - 4600 g the mean was 3570 g in the study, 2800 - 4100 g the mean was 3610 g in the control group and there was no significant difference (p>0.05); Gestational ages were 365/7 – 413/7, mean 392/7 in the study group, 373/7 – 405/7 in the control group, mean 396/7 weeks, and the statistical difference between the groups was not significant (p>0.05). The ratio of female/male was similar in the groups. Their median age was 9.5 days (3-27) in the control, 21 days (5-28) in the study group, and higher in the study group (p<0.05). The median capillary refill time was 1.7 seconds in the control, 1.6 seconds in the study group, and similar between the groups. The mean PI was 2.3±0.9 in the control group. In the study group, it was 3.6±1.2 on hospitalization, 3.2±1.2 on the first day, 3.4±0.7 at discharge. In the study group, PI values on hospitalization and first day were higher (p<0.05). There were reticular infiltration 50% bilateral, 30% right paracardiac, 10% left paracardiac, 3.3% right lower lobe. Alpha hemolytic streptococci in 1 (3.3%), Acinetobacter iwoffii in 1 (3.3%), Respiratory syncytial virus 6 (20%), Coronavirus 4 (13.3%), Rhinovirus 2 (6.7%) and Influenza A 1 (3.3%) patient were determined. We applied free flow oxygen 17 (56.7%), oxygen by hood 5 (16.7%), heated humidified high-flow nasal cannula 1 (3.3%), nasal continuous airway pressure 4 (13.3%), nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation 4 (13.3%) cases. PI was higher in the patients needing positive pressure on admission (p<0.05). A positive correlation was found between SAS and PI on admission in the study group (p=0.008). The number of patients whose PI decreased during hospitalization increased over time.

Conclusion: In the neonates with LOP, the severity of the disease, the need for respiratory support and prognosis cannot be predicted by PI. There was no relation between SAS and PI. It was concluded that more accurate results can be achieved by measuring PI using more patients, more sensitive probes and technically more advanced monitors. New studies should be conducted to determine the role of PI in demonstrating well-being and early detection of life-threatening conditions in the healthy newborns.

References

  • The Child Health Research Project. Reducing perinatal and neonatal mortality: report of a meeting Baltimore, Maryland. Baltimore 1999;3:6–12.
  • Duke T. Neonatal pneumonia in developing countries. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2005;90:F211-FF9.
  • Çocukların (0-6 yaş) son 6 ay içinde geçirdiği başlıca hastalık/sağlık sorunlarını cinsiyete göre dağılımı 2016. www.TUIK.gov.tr.
  • Lima AP, Beelen P, Bakker J. Use of a peripheral perfusion index derived from the pulse oximetry signal as a noninvasive indicator of perfusion. Crit Care Med 2002;30:1210-3.
  • Granelli A, Ostman-Smith I. Noninvasive peripheral perfusion index as a possible tool for screening for critical left heart obstruction. Acta Paediatr 2007;96:1455-9.
  • De Felice C, Latini G, Vacca P, Kopotic RJ. The pulse oximeter perfusion index as a predictor for high illness severity in neonates. Eur J Pediatr 2002;161:561-2.
  • Lima AP, Beelen P, Bakker J. Use of a peripheral perfusion index derived from the pulse oximetry signal as a noninvasive indicator of perfusion. Critical care medicine 2002;30:1210-3.
  • Unal S, Ergenekon E, Aktas S, Beken S, Altuntas N, Kazanci E, et al. Perfusion index assessment during transition period of newborns: an observational study. BMC Pediatr 2016;16:164.
  • Richardson DK, Corcoran JD, Escobar GJ, Lee SK. SNAP-II and SNAPPE-II: simplified newborn illness severity and mortality risk scores. J Pediatr 2001;138:92-100.
  • Hakan N. Determination of perfusion index reference values ​​and variability in the early neonatal period in clinically and hemodynamically stable newborns (Minor Specialization Thesis), Ankara 2012.
  • Sahni R, Schulze K, Ohira‐Kist K, Kashyap S, Myers M, Fifer W. Interactions among peripheral perfusion, cardiac activity, oxygen saturation, thermal profile and body position in growing low birth weight infants. Acta Paediatr 2010;99:135-9.
  • Kinoshita M, Hawkes CP, Ryan CA, Dempsey EM. Perfusion index in the very preterm infant. Acta Paediatr 2013;102:e398-e401.
  • Ramsey I, Mohamed H, Nabil N, Abdalah S, Hasanin A, Eladawy A, et al. Evaluation of Perfusion Index as a Predictor of Vasopressor Requirement in Patients with Severe Sepsis. Shock 2015;44:554-9.
  • Kroese JK, van Vonderen JJ, Narayen IC, Walther FJ, Hooper S, te Pas AB. The perfusion index of healthy term infants during transition at birth. Eur J Pediatr 2016;175:475-9.
  • Cresi F, Pelle E, Calabrese R, Costa L, Farinasso D, Silvestro L. Perfusion index variations in clinically and hemodynamically stable preterm newborns in the first week of life. Ital J Pediatr 2010;36:6.
  • De Felice C, Del Vecchio A, Criscuolo M, Lozupone A, Parrini S, Latini G. Early postnatal changes in the perfusion index in term newborns with subclinical chorioamnionitis. Arch Dis Child 2005;90:F411-4.
  • Lima A, Bakker J. Noninvasive monitoring of peripheral perfusion. Intens Care Med 2005;31:1316-26.
  • Peters JK, Nishiyasu T, Mack GW. Reflex control of the cutaneous circulation during passive body core heating in humans. J Appl Physiol 2000
There are 18 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Clinical Sciences
Journal Section ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Authors

Kübra Güneş 0000-0002-2057-3565

Sevim Ünal 0000-0001-7978-5848

Aybüke Yazıcı 0000-0001-9387-0029

Betül Siyah 0000-0003-3807-4809

Publication Date November 30, 2022
Submission Date October 24, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 16 Issue: 6

Cite

Vancouver Güneş K, Ünal S, Yazıcı A, Siyah B. Geç Başlangıçlı Pnömonili Yenidoğanlarda Perfüzyon İndeksi Hastalığın Şiddeti ve Prognozu Öngörülebilir mi?. Türkiye Çocuk Hast Derg. 2022;16(6):481-6.


The publication language of Turkish Journal of Pediatric Disease is English.


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