<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article  article-type="research-article"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>tdad</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Türk Deprem Araştırma Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2687-301X</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı (AFAD)</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46464/tdad.1828469</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Natural Hazards</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Doğal Afetler</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>Investigation of Earthquake Susceptibility of Tokat Provincial Center Using AHS-GIS Based Applications</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>Tokat İl Merkezinin AHS-CBS Tabanlı Uygulamalarla Deprem Duyarlılığının İncelenmesi</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6809-4774</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Sözcü</surname>
                                    <given-names>Ufuk</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>TOKAT GAZİOSMANPAŞA ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9269-4219</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Canbulat</surname>
                                    <given-names>Onur</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>TC MİLLİ EĞİTİM BAKANLIĞI NECATİBEY</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                                                <issue>Advanced Online Publication</issue>
                                                
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20251122">
                        <day>11</day>
                        <month>22</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20260203">
                        <day>02</day>
                        <month>03</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2019, Türk Deprem Araştırma Dergisi</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2019</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Türk Deprem Araştırma Dergisi</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>The aim of this study is to analyze the earthquake susceptibility of Tokat city center using the integration of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Within the scope of the study, thirteen parameters including geological, topographic, and anthropogenic factors such as distance to faults, lithology, soil characteristics, slope, building density, and population were evaluated. Through the spatial analysis of parameters weighted by the AHP method, the study area was classified into five distinct susceptibility categories. The findings reveal that &quot;Very High&quot; and &quot;High&quot; susceptibility zones are concentrated on the alluvial soils along the Yeşilırmak Valley, where urban development, commerce, and population are dense. Although &quot;Very High&quot; susceptible zones constitute only 5% of the study area, their overlap with the main axis of urban settlement indicates that the risk is critical in terms of exposure rather than spatial magnitude. Conversely, mountainous areas with high slopes and rocky grounds in the north and south fall into lower susceptible categories. This study provides a scientific basis for local authorities and decision-makers to determine urban transformation priorities, revise zoning plans, and develop disaster risk reduction strategies in Tokat city center.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <abstract><p>Bu çalışmanın amacı, Tokat il merkezinin deprem duyarlılığını Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) ve Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci (AHS) entegrasyonu kullanarak analiz etmektir. Çalışma kapsamında faylara mesafe, litoloji, zemin özellikleri, eğim, bina yoğunluğu ve nüfus gibi jeolojik, topografik ve beşeri faktörleri içeren on üç parametre kullanılmıştır. AHS yöntemiyle ağırlıklandırılan parametrelerin mekânsal analizi sonucunda, çalışma alanı beş farklı duyarlılık kategorisine ayrılmıştır. Bulgular &quot;Çok Yüksek&quot; ve &quot;Yüksek&quot; duyarlıklı alanların kentsel gelişimin, ticaretin ve nüfusun yoğunlaştığı Yeşilırmak Vadisi boyunca uzanan alüvyal zeminler üzerinde toplandığını göstermektedir. Çalışma alanının %5’ini oluşturan &quot;Çok Yüksek&quot; duyarlılıklı bölgelerin kentsel yerleşimin ana aksıyla örtüşmesi, duyarlılığın mekânsal büyüklüğünden ziyade maruziyet açısından kritik olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Buna karşılık, kuzey ve güney kesimlerdeki yüksek eğimli ve kayalık zeminlere sahip sahalar daha düşük duyarlılık grubunda yer almaktadır. Bu çalışma, Tokat il merkezinde kentsel dönüşüm önceliklerinin belirlenmesi, imar planlarının revize edilmesi ve afet risk azaltma stratejilerinin geliştirilmesi için yerel yönetimlere ve karar vericilere bilimsel bir altlık sunmaktadır.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Deprem duyarlılığı</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Tokat</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS)</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci (AHS)</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Kentsel risk</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Earthquake susceptibility</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Tokat</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Geographic Information Systems (GIS)</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Urban risk</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                                        </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">AFAD, 2018. Türkiye Deprem Tehlike Haritaları İnteraktif Web Uygulaması (TDTH), T.C. İçişleri Bakanlığı Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı (AFAD) Ankara. Erişim adresi: https://tdth.afad.gov.tr/TDTH/main.xhtml</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Akkuş T., 2022. Hasip Ahmet Aytuna’nin raporu ışığında 20 Aralık 1942 Erbaa-Niksar depremi ve Tokat’taki gelişmeler, Belgi Dergisi, https://doi.org/10.33431/belgi.1016047</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Al-Dogom D., Al-Ruzouq R., Kalantar B., Schuckman K., Al-Mansoori S., Mukherjee S., Al-Ahmad H., Ueda N., 2021. Geospatial multicriteria analysis for earthquake risk assessment: Case study of Fujairah City in the UAE, Journal of Sensors, 2021(1), 6638316, https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6638316</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ansari A., El-Hussain I., Deif A., Mohamed A.M., Al-Shijbi Y., Al-Jabri K., Mandhaniya P., Lee J.-H., Alluqmani A.E., Mutaz E., Al-Qayoudhi H., Al-Abdulsalam W., Al-Kharusi Al-A., Al-Musalhi M., Al-Balushi S., 2025. Integrated GIS-AHP based assessment of earthquake vulnerability and risk for urban residential buildings in Muscat, Sultanate of Oman, Sci Rep, 15, 31995, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-17618-6</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Arslan R., 2020. 1943 Ladik depremi, Journal of Humanities and Tourism Research, 10(1), 143-160, https://izlik.org/JA32KR66ME</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Babazadeh S., 2020. Kentsel alanda deprem hasar görebilirliğin analitik hiyerarşi süreci (AHS) yöntemi kullanılarak değerlendirilmesi: Yenimahalle (Ankara-Türkiye) örneği (Yayınlanmamış Doktora tezi), Gazi Üniversitesi, Ankara.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Başalan A., Akın M., t.y.. Erbaa-Niksar 1942 depremi üzerine yerel tespitler ve saha raporları, Erbaa Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, Erişim adresi: https://erbaa.bel.tr/dosyalar/deprem.pdf</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Başarır A., 2010. Kentsel dönüşüm uygulamalarına çok amaçlı yaklaşım, İnegöl kenti örneği (Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi), Selçuk Üniversitesi, Konya.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bourjila A., Dimane F., EL Ouarghi H., Nouayti N., Taher M., EL Hammoudani Y., Saadi O., Bensiali A., 2021. Groundwater potential zones mapping by applying GIS, remote sensing and multi-criteria decision analysis in the Ghiss basin, northern Morocco, Groundwater for Sustainable Development, 15, 100693, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2021.100693</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Demir M., Altaş N.T., 2024. Kars kentinde deprem hasar risk potansiyeli taşıyan alanların CBS tabanlı AHP analizlerine dayalı olarak belirlenmesi, Geomatik, 9(1), 123-140, https://doi.org/10.29128/geomatik.1375650</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Dyasi P.B., Naicker V.V., 2023. Application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process in selecting long-term storage option for spent nuclear fuel in South Africa, Annals of Nuclear Energy, 187, 109784, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anucene.2023.109784</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Emre Ö., Duman T.Y., Özalp S., Elmacı H., Olgun Ş., Şaroğlu F., 2013. Açıklamalı Türkiye Diri Fay Haritası, Ölçek 1:1.250.000, Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü, Özel Yayın Serisi-30, Ankara-Türkiye, ISBN: 978-605-5310-56-1.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Fillianie A.N., Sorooshian S., Fatimah M., 2016. MCDM-AHP method in decision makings, ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 11(2016), 7217-7220.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Haidara I., Tahri M., Maanan M., Hakdaoui M., 2019. Efficiency of Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process to detect soil erosion vulnerability, Geoderma, 354, 113853, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.07.011</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Izquierdo-Horna L., Zevallos J., Yepez Y., 2022. An integrated approach to seismic risk assessment using random forest and hierarchical analysis: Pisco, Peru, Heliyon, 8(10), e10926, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10926</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">JMO, 2021. Fay üzerinde yaşayan illerimiz: Tokat Raporu–11. Jeoloji Mühendisleri Odası Yayınları.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ketin İ., 1957. Kuzey Anadolu fay hattının genel karakteri ve Türkiye tektoniğindeki yeri, Maden Tetkik ve Arama Dergisi, 48(1), 1-28.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Khatakho R., Gautam D., Aryal K.R., Pandey V.P., Rupakhety R., Lamichhane S., Liu Y., Abdouli K., Talchabhadel R., Thapa B.R., Adhikari R., 2021. Multi-hazard risk assessment of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. Sustainability, 13(10), 5369, https://doi.org/10.3390/su13105369</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref19">
                        <label>19</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Malakar S., Rai A.K., Gupta A.K., 2023. Earthquake risk mapping in the Himalayas by integrated analytical hierarchy process, entropy with neural network, Nat Hazards, 116, 951-975,  https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-022-05706-z</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref20">
                        <label>20</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Morales Jr F.F., de Vries W.T., 2021. Establishment of Natural Hazards Mapping Criteria Using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Front. Sustain. 2, 667105, https://doi.org/10.3389/frsus.2021.667105</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref21">
                        <label>21</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Moustafa S.S., Abdalzaher M.S., Naeem M., Fouda M.M., 2022. Seismic hazard and site suitability evaluation based on multicriteria decision analysis, IEEE Access, 10, 69511-69530, https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3186937</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref22">
                        <label>22</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Mutlu S., Günday U., 2024. Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri ve Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci (AHP) ile Çaldıran (Van) İlçe Merkezi Deprem Risk Haritasının Oluşturulması, Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 29(3), 967-984, https://doi.org/10.53433/yyufbed.1541330</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref23">
                        <label>23</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ocak F., Bahadır M., 2022. CBS teknikleri kullanılarak deprem duyarlılık analizi için analitik hiyerarşi prosesi: Samsun Ladik Gölü Havzası örneği, Türkiye Kesit Akademi Dergisi, DOI : 10.29228/kesit.64705</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref24">
                        <label>24</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Özşahin E., 2014. Tekirdağ İlinde Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri ve Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci Kullanarak Heyelan Duyarlılık Analizi, HUMANITAS - Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(3), 167-186, https://doi.org/10.20304/husbd.84015</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref25">
                        <label>25</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Pektezel H., 2015. Coğrafi bilgi sistemleri (CBS) ve analitik hiyerarşi sistemi (AHS) kullanarak Gelibolu Yarımadası’nda deprem duyarlılık analizi, The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies, 36, 179-201, DOI : 10.9761/JASSS2911</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref26">
                        <label>26</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Perez Cutillas P., Pérez-Navarro A., García C., Zema D., Álvarez J., 2023. What is going on within Google Earth Engine? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment, 29, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2022.100907</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref27">
                        <label>27</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ravankhah M., Schmidt M., Will T., 2021. An indicator-based risk assessment framework for World Heritage sites in seismic zones: The case of “Bam and its Cultural Landscape” in Iran, International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 63, 102405, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102405</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref28">
                        <label>28</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Saaty T.L., 2008. Decision making with the analytic hierarchy process, International Journal of Services Sciences, 1(1), 83-98.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref29">
                        <label>29</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Saaty T.L., 2013. Analytic hierarchy process, In Encyclopedia of operations research and management science (pp. 52-64), Springer.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref30">
                        <label>30</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Sönmez M., 2011. Coğrafi bilgi sistemleri (CBS) tabanlı deprem hasar riski analizi: Zeytinburnu (İstanbul) örneği, Türk Coğrafya Dergisi, 56, 11-22, https://doi.org/10.17211/tcd.64562</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref31">
                        <label>31</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Tutar H., 2023. Afetlerle mücadelede bir araç olarak kentsel dönüşüm ve afet sonrası konut uygulama örnekleri, Çevre, Şehir ve İklim Dergisi, 2(4), 168-179.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref32">
                        <label>32</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Yariyan P., Karami M., 2019. Assessment and uncertainty urban vulnerability caused by earthquake using FAHP model (Case study: Sanandaj), Journal of Geography and Environmental Hazards, 8(3), 185-203, 10.22067/geo.v0i0.81921</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref33">
                        <label>33</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Yavaşoğlu F., Varol Özden Ç., 2017. Coğrafi bilgi sistemleri tabanlı analitik hiyerarşi süreci kullanılarak deprem hasar riski analizi: Kadıköy örneği, TÜBAV Bilim Dergisi, 10(3), 28-38.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref34">
                        <label>34</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Yavuz Kumlu K.B., Tüdeş Ş., 2019. Determination of earthquake-risky areas in Yalova City Center (Marmara region, Turkey) using GIS-based multicriteria decision-making techniques (analytical hierarchy process and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution), Natural Hazards, 96(3), 999-1025, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-019-03583-7</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
