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            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                    <journal-id></journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Türk Dünyası Dil ve Edebiyat Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">1301-0077</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2651-5091</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Türk Dil Kurumu</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24155/tdk.2026.265</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Anatolia Language, Literature and Culture</subject>
                                                            <subject>World Languages, Literature and Culture (Other)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Anadolu Dilleri, Edebiyatı ve Kültürü</subject>
                                                            <subject>Dünya Dilleri, Edebiyatı ve Kültürü (Diğer)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>Confronting History, Speaking With History: Is the Narrative of the French Revolution in Ali Kemâl’s Fetret Used as a Tool of Diagnosis and Remedy?</article-title>
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5326-2122</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>İldeş</surname>
                                    <given-names>Özgür</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>ANKARA HACI BAYRAM VELİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20260407">
                    <day>04</day>
                    <month>07</month>
                    <year>2026</year>
                </pub-date>
                                                    <issue>61</issue>
                                        <fpage>27</fpage>
                                        <lpage>72</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20260204">
                        <day>02</day>
                        <month>04</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20260306">
                        <day>03</day>
                        <month>06</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 1996, Türk Dünyası Dil ve Edebiyat Dergisi</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>1996</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Türk Dünyası Dil ve Edebiyat Dergisi</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                                                                <abstract><p>This article offers a Fetret-centered reading of Ali Kemâl’s extended French Revolution discussions as a deliberate political-ethical device rather than an encyclopedic detour. It argues that the novel’s recurrent pauses—moments when narration yields to lengthy debates on Bastille, revolutionary actors, and the vocabulary of “liberty”—constitute a laboratory in which the Second Constitutional Era’s public language is tested. The “Bedîa-i ihtilâl-i kebîr” polemic functions as the key experimental scene: a journalistic text forges legitimacy through a calendrical coincidence (Bastille in July; the Ottoman Constitution in July), romanticizes the Revolution by collapsing Marat, Robespierre, and Danton into a single heroic bloc, and culminates in the refrain “Long live liberty, long live constitutionalism!” Fetret’s critical intelligence lies in showing how such speech acts can aestheticize violence and convert historical analogy into a shortcut of authorization. Selman Bey’s intervention is therefore not a pedantic correction but an ethical diagnosis of public reason. His charge of “fıkdân-ı tetebbuʿ” (lack of disciplined inquiry) and his self-implicating question—“what percentage of us is still free of such stains?”—redefine historical knowledge as an obligation of intellectual life and as a preventive politics aimed at limiting radicalization and purge mentalities. The Danton/Robespierre/Saint-Just triad is read as an analogical map for contemporary positions: Danton figures pragmatic moderation, Robespierre the logic of delegitimating opposition through suspicion, and Saint-Just the rhetoric of extra-legal necessity that suspends judgment and law. In methodological terms, the article mobilizes Ali Kemâl’s Ricâl-i İhtilâl only “in footnote dose,” using it to sharpen Fetret’s implied distinctions without displacing the novel’s central stage. Ultimately, Fetret treats the French Revolution as a medium for diagnosing and treating the moral and rhetorical risks embedded in constitutional politics.</p></abstract>
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <trans-abstract xml:lang="tr">
                            <p>Bu makale, Ali Kemâl’in Fetret’inde Fransız İhtilali etrafında uzayan tartışmaları ansiklopedik bir sapmadan ziyade, bilinçli bir siyaset-ahlak aygıtı olarak Fetret merkezinde okur. Çalışmanın iddiasına göre romanın tekrar eden “duraklamaları”-anlatının geri çekilip Bastille, ihtilal aktörleri ve “hürriyet” kelime dağarcığı üzerine uzun münakaşalara yer açtığı anlar- II. Meşrutiyet’in kamusal dilinin sınandığı bir laboratuvar kurar. “Bedîa-i ihtilâl-i kebîr” polemiği bu laboratuvarın kilit sahnesidir: gazeteci metin, temmuz rastlantısı üzerinden (Bastille Temmuz’da alındı; Kanûn-ı Esâsî Temmuz’da ilan edildi.) meşruiyet üretir, Marat–Robespierre–Danton’u tek bir kahraman blokuna indirger, ardından “Yaşasın hürriyet, yaşasın meşrutiyet!” nidasıyla kapanır. Fetret’in eleştirel zekâsı, bu tür söz edimlerinin şiddeti estetize edebileceğini ve tarihsel analojiyi bir “yetkilendirme kısayolu”na çevirebileceğini göstermesinde yatar. Bu yüzden Selman Bey’in müdahalesi pedantik bir düzeltme değildir, kamusal muhakemenin etik teşhisidir. Onun “fıkdân-ı tetebbuʿ” suçlaması ve kendini de kapsayan “yüzde kaçımız masûnuz?” sorusu, tarih bilgisini aydının yükümlülüğü ve radikalleşme ile tasfiye mantığını sınırlayan önleyici bir siyaset olarak yeniden tanımlar. Danton/Robespierre/Saint-Just üçlüsü de güncel pozisyonlar için analojik bir harita sunar: Danton pragmatik ölçülülüğü, Robespierre muhalefeti şüpheyle gayrimeşrulaştırma mantığını, Saint-Just ise muhakeme ve hukuku askıya alan “hukuk dışı zorunluluk” retoriğini temsil eder. Metodolojik olarak makale, Ali Kemâl’in Ricâl-i İhtilâl’ini sadece “dipnot dozunda” kullanır; böylece romanın merkezini bozmadan ayrımları keskinleştirir. Sonuçta Fetret, Fransız İhtilali’ni, meşrutiyet siyasetinin içinde saklı retorik ve ahlaki riskleri teşhis edip tedavi etmeye yarayan bir vasıta olarak ele alır.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                                                    <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Fetret</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Ali Kemâl</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  French Revolution</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Second Constitutional Era and public discourse</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Historical analogy and political legitimation</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <kwd-group xml:lang="tr">
                                                    <kwd>Fetret</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Ali Kemâl</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Fransız İhtilali</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  II. Meşrutiyet ve kamusal dil</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  tarihsel analoji ve siyasal meşrulaştırma</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                            </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
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