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Enantiosemic Features of the Words in the Uzbek Language (Özbekçe Kelimelerin Enantiyosemik Özellikleri)

Yıl 2015, Sayı: 40, 173 - 181, 15.12.2015

Öz

In this article the occurrence of the phenomenon of enantiosemy and its nominative

and subjective evaluative aspects are focused on. The distinguished aspects of

nominative and subjective evaluative enantiosemy have been described. It is known

that the semantic structure of the word consists of the lexical and connotative meaning

of the word. In linguistics, particularly, in the researches and literatures on enantiosemy

the phenomena of enantiosemy are distinguished according to occurrence

on the base of which meanings of the semantic structure of the word. Compare: Тўй

тарқади, қизни никоҳ қилди. Авазхон йигитлари билан тўйчилар ҳам қайтди

(The wedding broke up, the girl was betrothed. Avazxon’s fellows and the guests of the

wedding returned) (“Бўтакўз”); Агар ҳозирлик кўрмай шаҳарни кутсак, шаҳар-

дан ёрдам чиқа бермаса, худди тўёнага ишониб, қўй олмаган тўйчи каби тўй

қозонини тўнкаришга мажбур бўламиз (If we rely on the help from the city, we will

have to cancel the wedding) (А.Қодирий, “Обид кетмон”). These opposite meanings

show that they appeared on the basis of the lexical meaning of the word and don’t

have the speaker’s modal attitude, and also this opposition in the meaning show that it

is combined under one theme group based on the close relations of people. So, we can

consider the word тўйчи to be a nominative enantiosemy because this word means

“a guest and a host”. These two meanings have a strong base being in the same style.

These both meanings of the word are usual, the word combination is enough for the

listener to understand, because, these meanings exist in the semantic structure of the

word up to the speech.

The article examines the essence of enantiosemy through ironical and sarcastic

use of evaluative words. The ways of the evaluative word change towards pejoration and melioration are outlined. The cases of hypocoristic use of swear words are reviewed.

In illustrating the aspect of enantiosemy occurring in the result of subjective

evaluation of the speaker we preferred to call it subjective evaluative enantiosemy.

This aspect is seen in the following example by the words to become upset, poor thing,

to punish: Оқ подшо шу қадар хафа бўлибдиларки, Черняевни капитанлик ун-

вонидан маҳрум қилиб... генерал унвонини берибдилар. Банди бриллиант билан

жилоланган олтин қилич ҳадя қилибдилар... Бир “бечора”ни “жазолаш” бўлса,

шунчалик бўлади-да!! (The Tsar became so upset, that he deprived Chernayev of his

title of Captain….and gave him a title of General. He presented him a gold sword

with a hilt furbished with brilliant...“Punishing” a “poor thing” can be so much as it

is) (Ў. Ҳошимов, Дафтар ҳошиясидаги битиклар). Using a word with an opposite

meaning is clarified by how well the author masters the language, his skills of using

linguistic devices.

The author’s article is dedicated to study the phenomenon of enаntiosemy which

is a specific unit of lexicology. The author studies enantiosemy, which can be inferred

from the nature of opposition in meaning, dividing them into nominative and subjective-

evaluative enantiosemy. He states that denotative meanings of a word, should

be understood as the term of nominative enantiosemy while oppositive meanings of

a word, showing the speech’s this or that subjective attitude and meanings of word,

perty to a certain on text should be taken under the terms of subjective-evaluative

enantiosemy this two types of enantiosemy which can be distinguished with help of

above – mentioned features are revealed on the basis of the materials from the Uzbek

language. The author holds a specific position in approaching this phenomenon

as type of polysemy, apart from other researchers–dedicated on enantiosemy. This

approach can serve as a basis for conclusion on existence of both integral and differential

chemas among the oppositive meanings of words. as well, this article also

touches upon conditions of revealed subjective-evaluative and the problems on aspect

of antiphrasis giving distinctive theoretical conclusions.

Makale, dil bilimine ait enantiyosemi hadisesi ve onun nominatif, öznel-değerlendirici

gibi türlerini incelemeyi amaç edinmiştir. Makalede nominatif ve öznel-değerlendirici

enantiyoseminin farklı özelliklerine değinilmiş, söz konusu özelliklerin leksik

ve konotatif anlamlar temelinde meydana geldiğine dikkat edilmiştir. Dil biliminde,

özellikle de enantiyosemi hadisesinin ele alındığı çalışmalarda bu olayın yukarıda

andığımız çeşitleri kelimenin hangi anlamları temelinde ortaya çıktığı değerlendirilmiştir.

Bunlar, zıt anlamlı kelimenin saf leksik anlamlarıdır ve içlerinde konuşanın yaklaşımını

bulundurmazlar. Buna göre toyçi (düğüncü) kelimesinin “misafir” ve “sakin”

anlamları arasındaki zıtlık bir enantiyosemi örneğidir. Bu anlamlar kelimenin bilinen

anlamlarıdır ve diğer kullanımlarda da aynı zıtlığı korur.

Makalede kelimenin dolaylı anlamda kullanılmasıyla da enantiyoseminin ortaya

çıktığına, yani olumlu anlama sahip bir kelimenin olumsuz, olumsuz anlama sahip kelimenin de olumlu anlam taşıdığına dikkat çekilmiştir. Bu tür enantiyosemi daha çok

konuşmacının öznel yaklaşımı sonucu ortaya çıkar. Bir kelime metin içinde konuşanın

iletişimsel-durumsal amacı ve öznel yaklaşımına göre ters anlamda kullanılabilir.

Makalede, enantiyosemi kelime bilimine ait özel bir hadise olarak ele alınmıştır.

Müellif, anlam karşıtlığının doğal yapısına dayanarak enantiyosemiyi nominatif ve

öznel-değerlendirici şekilde iki türe ayırmıştır. Nominatif enantiyosemi olarak kelimenin

nominatif anlamları arasındaki zıtlık, öznel-değerlendirici enantiyosemi olarak

da öznel (olumlu-olumsuz) anlamlar arasındaki zıtlık kabul edilmiştir ve Özbek dili

örneğinde bunu kanıtlamıştır. Diğer dil bilimcilerden farklı olarak enantiyosemiye

çok anlamlılığın özel türü olarak bakmıştır. Bu yaklaşım, integral anlamlar arasındaki

yakınlığı ve diferansiyel anlamlar arasındaki karşıtlığı daha açık ortaya koymaya

yaramıştır. Ayrıca makalede öznel-değerlendirici enantiyosemi ve antifrazis hadiseleri

arasındaki farklar hakkında da önemli teorik özetlemeler ve genellemeler yapılmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Voznesenskaya M. M. Enantiosemy in Russian Phraseology (2011), Available: http://newdialog. abbyy.com/digests/dialog 2011/materials/pdf/66.pdf, (20.05.11).
  • Тohir Malik (1998), Shaytanat, – T.: East, – 384 p.
  • Sunnatulla Anorboyev (1976), Оqsoy, – T.: Teacher. – 327 p.
  • Shukur Xolmirzayev (2003), Saylanma, – T.: East, – 486 p.
  • Short literary encyclopedia, – М.: Higher school 1962, 158 p.
  • Shertsl V. I. (1973), About words with opposite values (or about a so-called enantiosemiya) // The Anthology of Russian history, – М.: Higher school, – P. 259 – 264.
  • O’zbek tilining izohli lug’ati (2006-2008), Volume I-V, – T.: Ensliclopedy.
  • O’tkir Hoshimov, Daftar hoshiyasidagi bitiklar, – T.: East, – 336 p.
  • O’tkir Hoshimov (2008), So’qqabosh bevagina, – T.: East, – 224 p.
  • Odilov Yo. (2014), Enantiosemy of A Phraseological Unit (In the Example of the Uzbek Language), – USA, Macrothink Institute, International journal of linguistics, vol, 6. 2, p. 30-36.
  • Novikov L.А. (1973), Аntonimy in Russian language (Semantic analysis of opposition in the lexis), – М.: Publishing house of Moscow university, – 290 p.
  • “Murodxon” dostoni (2005) – T.: East, – 198 p.
  • Мinayevа L.V. (1986), The word in language and speech, – М.: Higher school, – 147 p.
  • Makhmutova L. R. (2009), Basic Types of Russian Enantiosemy, The auto abstract of the dissertation the candidate of philological sciences, Каsan, 24 p.
  • Кravtsova V. Yu. (2006), Enantiosemiya of lexical and phraseological units: (language and speech): Dissertation of Candidate of Philology, – Rostov-on-Don, 186 p.
  • Gorelov I. N. (1986), Enantiosemiya as collision of contradictory tendencies of language development // Problems of linguistics, – М.: Science, № 4, – p. 86-96.
  • “Bo’tako’z” dostoni (2001), – T.: East, – 147 p.
  • Аlisher Navoiy (1989), G’aroyib us-sig’ar, – T.: Publishing house of literature and art named after Gafur Gulam.
  • Аlisher Navoiy (1989), Sab’ai sayyor, – T.: Publishing house of literature and art named after Gafur Gulam.
  • Аlisher Navoiy (1989), Badoyi’ ul-bidoya, – T.: Publishing house of literature and art named after Gafur Gulam.
  • Аhmadjon Меliboyev (2008), Хоtin yo’g’idа, – T.: Descendant of new centure, – 156 p.
  • Аbdulla Qodiriy (1987), Obid ketmon, – T.: Young guard, – 123 p.
  • Аbdulla Qahhor (1983), Оltin yulduz, – T.: Young guard, – 158 p.
Yıl 2015, Sayı: 40, 173 - 181, 15.12.2015

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Voznesenskaya M. M. Enantiosemy in Russian Phraseology (2011), Available: http://newdialog. abbyy.com/digests/dialog 2011/materials/pdf/66.pdf, (20.05.11).
  • Тohir Malik (1998), Shaytanat, – T.: East, – 384 p.
  • Sunnatulla Anorboyev (1976), Оqsoy, – T.: Teacher. – 327 p.
  • Shukur Xolmirzayev (2003), Saylanma, – T.: East, – 486 p.
  • Short literary encyclopedia, – М.: Higher school 1962, 158 p.
  • Shertsl V. I. (1973), About words with opposite values (or about a so-called enantiosemiya) // The Anthology of Russian history, – М.: Higher school, – P. 259 – 264.
  • O’zbek tilining izohli lug’ati (2006-2008), Volume I-V, – T.: Ensliclopedy.
  • O’tkir Hoshimov, Daftar hoshiyasidagi bitiklar, – T.: East, – 336 p.
  • O’tkir Hoshimov (2008), So’qqabosh bevagina, – T.: East, – 224 p.
  • Odilov Yo. (2014), Enantiosemy of A Phraseological Unit (In the Example of the Uzbek Language), – USA, Macrothink Institute, International journal of linguistics, vol, 6. 2, p. 30-36.
  • Novikov L.А. (1973), Аntonimy in Russian language (Semantic analysis of opposition in the lexis), – М.: Publishing house of Moscow university, – 290 p.
  • “Murodxon” dostoni (2005) – T.: East, – 198 p.
  • Мinayevа L.V. (1986), The word in language and speech, – М.: Higher school, – 147 p.
  • Makhmutova L. R. (2009), Basic Types of Russian Enantiosemy, The auto abstract of the dissertation the candidate of philological sciences, Каsan, 24 p.
  • Кravtsova V. Yu. (2006), Enantiosemiya of lexical and phraseological units: (language and speech): Dissertation of Candidate of Philology, – Rostov-on-Don, 186 p.
  • Gorelov I. N. (1986), Enantiosemiya as collision of contradictory tendencies of language development // Problems of linguistics, – М.: Science, № 4, – p. 86-96.
  • “Bo’tako’z” dostoni (2001), – T.: East, – 147 p.
  • Аlisher Navoiy (1989), G’aroyib us-sig’ar, – T.: Publishing house of literature and art named after Gafur Gulam.
  • Аlisher Navoiy (1989), Sab’ai sayyor, – T.: Publishing house of literature and art named after Gafur Gulam.
  • Аlisher Navoiy (1989), Badoyi’ ul-bidoya, – T.: Publishing house of literature and art named after Gafur Gulam.
  • Аhmadjon Меliboyev (2008), Хоtin yo’g’idа, – T.: Descendant of new centure, – 156 p.
  • Аbdulla Qodiriy (1987), Obid ketmon, – T.: Young guard, – 123 p.
  • Аbdulla Qahhor (1983), Оltin yulduz, – T.: Young guard, – 158 p.
Toplam 23 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Odilov Yorqinjon Rahmonalıevıch Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Aralık 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015 Sayı: 40

Kaynak Göster

APA Rahmonalıevıch, O. Y. (2015). Enantiosemic Features of the Words in the Uzbek Language (Özbekçe Kelimelerin Enantiyosemik Özellikleri). Türk Dünyası Dil Ve Edebiyat Dergisi(40), 173-181.