<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article  article-type="research-article"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>tead</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Temel Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2791-6391</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Marmara Üniversitesi</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id/>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Early Childhood Education</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Okul Öncesi Eğitim</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>Relationships Between Mothers’ Abuse Potential, Fathers’ Child–Parent Relationships, and Preschool Children’s Problem Behaviors</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>Okul Öncesi Dönemde Annelerin İstismar Potansiyeli, Babaların Çocukla İlişkisi ve Çocukların Problemli Davranışları Arasındaki İlişkiler</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7051-9561</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Bakır</surname>
                                    <given-names>Fatma Feriha</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>TC MİLLİ EĞİTİM BAKANLIĞI BALIKESİR</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6827-8307</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Biber</surname>
                                    <given-names>Kazım</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>BALIKESİR ÜNİVERSİTESİ, NECATİBEY EĞİTİM FAKÜLTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5749-2294</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Börekci</surname>
                                    <given-names>Caner</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>BALIKESIR UNIVERSITY</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20260416">
                    <day>04</day>
                    <month>16</month>
                    <year>2026</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>6</volume>
                                        <issue>1</issue>
                                        <fpage>20</fpage>
                                        <lpage>32</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20260103">
                        <day>01</day>
                        <month>03</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20260303">
                        <day>03</day>
                        <month>03</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2021, Temel Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2021</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Temel Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>Purpose: The purpose objective of this study is to examine the relationships between problem behaviors exhibited by preschool children, maternal abuse potential, and the quality of the father-child relationship. Method and Materials: The study employed a relational survey model, a quantitative research method. The sample consisted of 157 children (67 girls and 90 boys) aged 36 to 72 months, attending preschool in the Karesi and Altıeylül districts of Balıkesir during the 2023–2024 academic year, along with their mothers, fathers, and teachers. Data were collected using the Preschool Behavior Problems Screening Scale, the Abuse Awareness Scale, and the Child-Parent Relationship Scale – Father Form. Results: The findings revealed a significant positive correlation between maternal abuse potential and children&#039;s problem behaviors, as well as a significant negative correlation between the father-child relationship and these behaviors. Furthermore, maternal abuse potential and the father-child relationship together accounted for 29.1% of the total variance in children&#039;s problem behaviors. These results demonstrate that parental attitudes play a decisive and critical role in children&#039;s behavioral adjustment.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <abstract><p>Amaç: Okul öncesi dönemdeki çocukların sergilediği problemli davranışlar ile annelerin istismar potansiyeli ve baba-çocuk ilişkisi arasındaki ilişkileri incelemektir. Yöntem ve Araçlar: Araştırmada nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın örneklemini, 2023–2024 eğitim-öğretim yılında Balıkesir’in Karesi ve Altıeylül ilçelerinde okul öncesi eğitime devam eden 36–72 aylık 157 çocuk (67 kız, 90 erkek) ile bu çocukların anneleri, babaları ve öğretmenleri oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama sürecinde; Okul Öncesi Davranış Sorunları Tarama Ölçeği, İstismar Farkındalık Ölçeği ve Çocuk Ebeveyn İlişkisi Ölçeği – Baba Formu kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar: Annelerin istismar potansiyeli ile çocukların problemli davranışları arasında pozitif yönlü, baba-çocuk ilişkisi ile problemli davranışlar arasında ise negatif yönlü anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmıştır. Anne istismar potansiyeli ve baba-çocuk ilişkisinin, çocukların problemli davranışlarındaki toplam varyansın %29.1’ini birlikte açıkladığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu bulgular, ebeveyn tutumlarının çocukların davranışsal uyumu üzerinde belirleyici bir role sahip olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Anne istismarı</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Baba-çocuk ilişkisi</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Okul öncesi eğitim</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Problemli davranış</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Maternal abuse</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Father-child relationship</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Preschool education</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Problem behavior.</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                                        </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Achenbach, T. M., &amp; Edelbrock, C. S. (1981). Behavioral problems and competencies reported by parents of normal and disturbed children aged four through sixteen. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 46(1), 82. https://doi.org/10.2307/1165983</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">American Psychiatric Association. (2022). DSM-5-TR: Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed., text rev.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.978.089.0425787</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Anda, R. F., Felitti, V. J., Bremner, J. D., Walker, J. D., Whitfield, C., Perry, B. D., Dube, S. R., &amp; Giles, W. H. (2006). The
enduring effects of abuse and related adverse experiences in childhood. A convergence of evidence from neurobiology and epidemiology. European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience, 256(3), 174–186. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406.005.0624-4</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Prentice-Hall. https://archive.org/details/sociallearningth0000band</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Baumrind, D. (1991). The influence of parenting style on adolescent competence and substance use. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 11(1), 56–95. https://doi.org/10.1177/027.243.1691111004</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Blair, C., &amp; Raver, C. C. (2015). School readiness and self-regulation: a developmental psychobiological approach. Annual review of psychology, 66, 711–731. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010.814.015221</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bowen, M. (1993). Family therapy in clinical practice. Jason Aronson.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bowlby, J. (1982). Attachment and loss: Retrospect and prospect. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 52(4), 664–678. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-0025.1982.tb01456.x</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design. Harvard University Press. https://doi.org/10.4159/978.067.4028845</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Büyüköztürk, Ş., Akgün, Ö. E., Demirel, F., Karadeniz, Ş., &amp; Çakmak, E. K. (2015). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Pegem Akademi</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Cabrera, N. J., Volling, B. L., &amp; Barr, R. (2018). Fathers are parents, too! Widening the lens on parenting for children’s development. Child Development Perspectives, 12(3), 152–157. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12275</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Cicchetti, D., &amp; Toth, S. L. (2005). Child maltreatment. Annual review of clinical psychology, 1, 409–438. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.1.102.803.144029</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Davies, P. T., &amp; Cummings, E. M. (1994). Marital conflict and child adjustment: An emotional security hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 116(3), 387–411. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.116.3.387</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Deneault, A. A., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Groh, A. M., Fearon, P. R. M., &amp; Madigan, S. (2021). Childfather attachment in early childhood and behavior problems: A meta-analysis. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 2021(180), 43-66. https://doi.org/10.1002/cad.20434</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Derman, M. T., &amp; Başal, H. A. (2013). Okulöncesi çocuklarında gözlenen davranış problemleri ile ailelerinin anne-baba tutumları arasındaki ilişki. Amasya Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 2(1), 115–144</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Egger, H. L., &amp; Angold, A. (2006). Common emotional and behavioral disorders in preschool children: presentation, nosology, and epidemiology. Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines, 47(3-4), 313–337. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01618.x</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Field, A. (2013). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics (4th ed.). SAGE.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Gershoff, E. T., &amp; Grogan-Kaylor, A. (2016). Spanking and child outcomes: Old controversies and new meta-analyses. Journalof family psychology : JFP : journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association (Division 43), 30(4), 453–469. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000191</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref19">
                        <label>19</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Goswami, U. (2019). The learning brain: Cognitive development and cognitive neuroscience (2nd ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/978.131.5684734</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref20">
                        <label>20</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Güler Kılıç, P. ve Çekiç, A. (2022). Anne Baba Davranışları ile Çocuklarda Gözlenen Problem Davranışlar Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 19(50), 141-166.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref21">
                        <label>21</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kanak, M., &amp; Pekdoğan, S. (2020). 3-6 yaş çocuğa sahip ebeveynlerin duygusal istismar potansiyellerinin bazı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. Cumhuriyet International Journal of Education, 9(4), 1029–1046. https://doi.org/10.30703/cije.594156</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref22">
                        <label>22</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kanlıkılıçer, P. (2005). Okul öncesi davranış sorunları tarama ölçeği: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması (Yüksek lisans tezi). Marmara Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul, Türkiye.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref23">
                        <label>23</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kapçı, E. G., Uslu, R., Akgün, E., &amp; Acer, D. (2010). The Turkish adaptation and standardization of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 21(4), 313–321.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref24">
                        <label>24</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kaya, A. G., &amp; Buğa, A. (2021). Anne babaların ebeveyn davranışlarının ve evlilik doyumlarının incelenmesi. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi, 21(51), 371–410. https://doi.org/10.21560/spcd.vi.645465</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref25">
                        <label>25</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Keenan, K., Shaw, D., Delliquadri, E., Giovannelli, J., &amp; Walsh, B. (1998). Evidence for the continuity of early problem
behaviors: application of a developmental model. Journal of abnormal child psychology, 26(6), 441–452. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:102.264.7717926</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref26">
                        <label>26</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Lansford, J. E., Sharma, C., Malone, P. S., Woodlief, D., Dodge, K. A., Oburu, P., Pastorelli, C., Skinner, A. T., Sorbring, E.,
Tapanya, S., Tirado, L. M., Zelli, A., Al-Hassan, S. M., Alampay, L. P., Bacchini, D., Bombi, A. S., Bornstein, M. H.,
Chang, L., Deater-Deckard, K., &amp; Di Giunta, L. (2014). Corporal punishment, maternal warmth, and child adjustment: a longitudinal study in eight countries. Journal of clinical child and adolescent psychology 53, 43(4), 670–685. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374.416.2014.893518</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref27">
                        <label>27</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Lamb, M. E. (Ed.). (2010). The role of the father in child development (5th ed.). Wiley.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref28">
                        <label>28</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Milner J. S. (2000). Social information processing and child physical abuse: theory and research. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 46, 39–84.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref29">
                        <label>29</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Minuchin, S. (1974). Families &amp; family therapy. Harvard U. Press.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref30">
                        <label>30</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Mustard J. (2006). Experience-based brain development: Scientific underpinnings of the importance of early child development in a global world. Paediatrics &amp; child health, 11(9), 571–572. https://doi.org/10.1093/pch/11.9.57</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref31">
                        <label>31</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Moffitt T. E. (2018). Male antisocial behaviour in adolescence and beyond. Nature human behaviour, 2, 177–186.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref32">
                        <label>32</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">National Research Council (US) &amp; Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Integrating the Science of Early Childhood Development, Shonkoff, J. P., &amp; Phillips, D. A. (Eds.). (2000). From neurons to neighborhoods: The science of early childhood development. National Academies Press (US). https://doi.org/10.17226/9824</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref33">
                        <label>33</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Özyürek, A., &amp; Dakak, S. (2022). Annelerin çocuklarına karşı ilgi ve istismar düzeyini etkileyen faktörlerin incelenmesi. Turkish Academic Research Review, 7(2), 355–374.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref34">
                        <label>34</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Pallant, J. (2020). SPSS survival manual: A step by step guide to data analysis using IBM SPSS (7th ed.). Allen &amp; Unwin.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref35">
                        <label>35</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Parsak, B., &amp; Kuzucu, Y. (2020). Ebeveyn tutumları ile okul öncesi dönem çocuklarında saldırganlık arasındaki ilişkide çocukların empati ve sosyal becerilerinin rolü. Humanistic Perspective, 2(3), 347–374. https://doi.org/10.47793/hp.778702</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref36">
                        <label>36</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Patterson, G. R. (1982). Coercive family process. Castalia.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref37">
                        <label>37</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Pekdoğan, S. (2017). İstismar farkındalık ölçeği ebeveyn formu: Ölçek geliştirme çalışması. Akademik Bakış Uluslararası Hakemli Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (62), 173–185.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref38">
                        <label>38</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Pianta, R. C. (1992). Child–Parent Relationship Scale. University of Virginia.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref39">
                        <label>39</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ringoot, A. P., Tiemeier, H., Jaddoe, V. W., So, P., Hofman, A., Verhulst, F. C., &amp; Jansen, P. W. (2015). Parental depression and child well-being: young children’s self-reports helped addressing biases in parent reports. Journal of clinical epidemiology, 68(8), 928–938. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2015.03.009</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref40">
                        <label>40</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Tabachnick, B. G., &amp; Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). Pearson.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref41">
                        <label>41</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Thompson R. A. (2014). Stress and child development. The Future of children, 24(1), 41–59. https://doi.org/10.1353/foc.2014.0004</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref42">
                        <label>42</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Tremblay, R. E., Nagin, D. S., Séguin, J. R., Zoccolillo, M., Zelazo, P. D., Boivin, M., Pérusse, D., &amp; Japel, C. (2004). Physical aggression during early childhood: trajectories and predictors. Pediatrics, 114(1), e43–e50. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.114.1.e43</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref43">
                        <label>43</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">TÜİK. (2021). Güvenlik birimine gelen veya getirilen çocuk istatistikleri, 2021. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Guvenlik-Birimine-Gelen-veya-Getirilen-Cocuk-Istatistikleri-2021-45586</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref44">
                        <label>44</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Uzun, H., &amp; Baran, G. (2015). Çocuk ebeveyn ilişki ölçeği’nin okul öncesi dönemde çocuğu olan babalar için geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Uluslararası Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(3), 30–40.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref45">
                        <label>45</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Yavuzer, H. (2008). Çocuk psikolojisi. Remzi Kitabevi.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
