Machine Learning Algorithms with Intermittent Demand Forecasting: An Application in Retail Apparel with Plenty of Predictors
Year 2021,
Volume: 31 Issue: 2, 99 - 110, 30.06.2021
İlker Güven
,
Özer Uygun
,
Fuat Şimşir
Abstract
Demand forecasting is a key factor for apparel retail stores to sustain their business, especially where there are variety of products and intermittent demand.
In this study, two of the most popular machine learning methods, random forest (RF) and k-nearest neighbour (KNN), have been used to forecast retail apparel’s intermittent demand. Numerous variables that may have an effect on the sales, have been taken into account one of which is defined as “special day” that might trigger intermittence in the demand. During the application of the forecast, four different datasets were used to provide reliability. 28 different variables were used to increase accuracy of the forecasting and experience of the behaviours of the algorithms. Root mean square error (RMSE) was used to evaluate performance of the methods and as a result of this study, RF showed better performance in all four datasets comparing to KNN.
Thanks
Thank you for your valuable time and effort to evaluate.
References
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Year 2021,
Volume: 31 Issue: 2, 99 - 110, 30.06.2021
İlker Güven
,
Özer Uygun
,
Fuat Şimşir
References
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- 17. N. J. Johannesen, M. Kolhe, and M. Goodwin, 2019. Relative evaluation of regression tools for urban area electrical energy demand forecasting. Journal of Cleaner Production. vol. 218. pp. 555–564. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.01.108.
- 18. T. Fang and R. Lahdelma, 2016. Evaluation of a multiple linear regression model and SARIMA model in forecasting heat demand for district heating system. Applied Energy. vol. 179. pp. 544–552. doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.06.133.
- 19. M. Sebri, 2016. Forecasting urban water demand: A meta-regression analysis. Journal of Environmental Management. vol. 183. pp. 777–785. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.09.032.
- 20. F.-L. Chu, 2014. Using a logistic growth regression model to forecast the demand for tourism in Las Vegas. Tourism Management Perspectives. vol. 12. pp. 62–67. doi: 10.1016/j.tmp.2014.08.003.
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- 24. L. A. Díaz-Robles et al., 2008. A hybrid ARIMA and artificial neural networks model to forecast particulate matter in urban areas: The case of Temuco, Chile. Atmospheric Environment. vol. 42, no. 35. pp. 8331–8340. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.07.020.
- 25. M. Khashei and M. Bijari, 2011. A novel hybridization of artificial neural networks and ARIMA models for time series forecasting. Applied Soft Computing. vol. 11, no. 2. pp. 2664–2675. doi: 10.1016/j.asoc.2010.10.015.
- 26. W. J. Wang and Q. Xu, 2014. A Bayesian Combination Forecasting Model for Retail Supply Chain Coordination. Journal of Applied Research and Technology. vol. 12, no. 2. pp. 315–324. doi: 10.1016/S1665-6423(14)72347-8.
- 27. A. Kulshrestha, V. Krishnaswamy, and M. Sharma, 2020. Bayesian BILSTM approach for tourism demand forecasting. Annals of Tourism Research. vol. 83. p. 102925. doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2020.102925.
- 28. F.-L. Chu, 2008. A fractionally integrated autoregressive moving average approach to forecasting tourism demand. Tourism Management. vol. 29, no. 1. pp. 79–88. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2007.04.003.
- 29. K. Nakade and Y. Aniyama, 2019. Bullwhip Effect of Weighted Moving Average Forecast under Stochastic Lead Time. IFAC-PapersOnLine. vol. 52, no. 13. pp. 1277–1282. doi: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2019.11.374.
- 30. Z. Michna, S. M. Disney, and P. Nielsen, 2020. The impact of stochastic lead times on the bullwhip effect under correlated demand and moving average forecasts. Omega. vol. 93. p. 102033. doi: 10.1016/j.omega.2019.02.002.
- 31. G. Sbrana and A. Silvestrini, 2019. Random switching exponential smoothing: A new estimation approach. International Journal of Production Economics. vol. 211. pp. 211–220. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2019.01.038.
- 32. T. M. Dantas and F. L. Cyrino Oliveira, 2018. Improving time series forecasting: An approach combining bootstrap aggregation, clusters and exponential smoothing. International Journal of Forecasting. vol. 34, no. 4. pp. 748–761. doi: 10.1016/j.ijforecast.2018.05.006.
- 33. G. Sbrana and A. Silvestrini, 2013. Forecasting aggregate demand: Analytical comparison of top-down and bottom-up approaches in a multivariate exponential smoothing framework. International Journal of Production Economics. vol. 146, no. 1. pp. 185–198. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2013.06.022.
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- 35. Y. Zhu, W. XU, G. Luo, H. Wang, J. Yang, and W. Lu, 2020. Random Forest enhancement using improved Artificial Fish Swarm for the medial knee contact force prediction. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine. vol. 103. p. 101811. doi: 10.1016/j.artmed.2020.101811.
- 36. E. Izquierdo-Verdiguier and R. Zurita-Milla, 2020. An evaluation of Guided Regularized Random Forest for classification and regression tasks in remote sensing. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. vol. 88. p. 102051. doi: 10.1016/j.jag.2020.102051.
- 37. X. Zhou, P. Lu, Z. Zheng, D. Tolliver, and A. Keramati, 2020. Accident Prediction Accuracy Assessment for Highway-Rail Grade Crossings Using Random Forest Algorithm Compared with Decision Tree. Reliability Engineering & System Safety. vol. 200. p. 106931. doi: 10.1016/j.ress.2020.106931.
- 38. J. E. Pesantez, E. Z. Berglund, and N. Kaza, 2020. Smart meters data for modeling and forecasting water demand at the user-level. Environmental Modelling & Software. vol. 125. p. 104633. doi: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2020.104633.
- 39. M. Fernández-Delgado, E. Cernadas, S. Barro, and D. Amorim, 2014. Do we Need Hundreds of Classifiers to Solve Real World Classification Problems? Journal of Machine Learning Research. vol. 15, no. 90. pp. 3133–3181. [Online]. Available: http://jmlr.org/papers/v15/delgado14a.html.
- 40. M. Aghaabbasi, Z. A. Shekari, M. Z. Shah, O. Olakunle, D. J. Armaghani, and M. Moeinaddini, 2020. Predicting the use frequency of ride-sourcing by off-campus university students through random forest and Bayesian network techniques. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. vol. 136. pp. 262–281. doi: 10.1016/j.tra.2020.04.013.
- 41. X. Wang, K. An, L. Tang, and X. Chen, 2015. Short Term Prediction of Freeway Exiting Volume Based on SVM and KNN. International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology. vol. 4, no. 3. pp. 337–352. doi: 10.1260/2046-0430.4.3.337.
- 42. E. Mangalova and E. Agafonov, 2014. Wind power forecasting using the k-nearest neighbors algorithm. International Journal of Forecasting. vol. 30, no. 2. pp. 402–406. doi: 10.1016/j.ijforecast.2013.07.008.
- 43. L. A. Teixeira and A. L. I. de Oliveira, 2010. A method for automatic stock trading combining technical analysis and nearest neighbor classification. Expert Systems with Applications. vol. 37, no. 10. pp. 6885–6890. doi: 10.1016/j.eswa.2010.03.033.
- 44. Z. Pang, F. Niu, and Z. O’Neill, 2020. Solar radiation prediction using recurrent neural network and artificial neural network: A case study with comparisons. Renewable Energy. vol. 156. pp. 279–289. doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2020.04.042.
- 45. H. Tang, P. Dong, and Y. Shi, 2019. A new approach of integrating piecewise linear representation and weighted support vector machine for forecasting stock turning points. Applied Soft Computing. vol. 78. pp. 685–696. doi: 10.1016/j.asoc.2019.02.039.