TESAM Akademi Dergisi 2148-2462 2458-9217 TESAM Ekonomik Siyasal ve Stratejik Araştırmalar Merkezi Derneği 10.30626/tesamakademi.971899 Political Science Siyaset Bilimi Dijital Dönüşüm Sürecinde Akıllı Yönetişim Smart Governance through Digital Transformation https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9835-4963 Demirkıran Senem TRAKYA ÜNİVERSİTESİ, İPSALA MESLEK YÜKSEKOKULU, HUKUK BÖLÜMÜ, ADALET PR. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5474-3307 Yücel Mehmet Ali Trakya Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ekonometri Anabilim Dalı https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6053-830X Terzioğlu M. Kenan TRAKYA ÜNİVERSİTESİ, İKTİSADİ VE İDARİ BİLİMLER FAKÜLTESİ, EKONOMETRİ BÖLÜMÜ https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8742-9894 Selvi Aslı Trakya Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İşletme Anabilim Dalı 07 30 2021 8 2 489 519 12 22 2020 07 14 2021 Copyright © 2014, TESAM Akademi Dergisi 2014 TESAM Akademi Dergisi

Yaratıcı bilgi ağları, stratejik planlama, entegre yönetim ve sürdürülebilirlik için bilgi iletişim teknolojilerinin başarılı şekilde kullanılması dijital çağa geçilmesiyle birlikte gereklilik haline gelmektedir. Kentsel sorunlarının teknolojiyle çözümü için oluşturulmuş yapılar olan akıllı şehirler, sosyo-ekonomik, kültürel ve ekolojik gelişime hizmet etmek ve yaşam kalitesini iyileştirmek için akıllı kentsel sistemleri harekete geçirmektedir. Teknolojinin temelini oluşturduğu akıllı şehirler, vatandaş katılımını iyileştirerek yeni hizmetler sunmakta ve mevcut hizmetleri geliştirmektedir. Ek olarak, akıllı devlet yolunda akıllı yönetişim; e-katılımdan, siyasi istikrardan, hükümet verimliliğinden, hukukun üstünlüğünden, hesap verebilirlikten ve şeffaflıktan etkilenmektedir. Yerel düzeyde sorunların çözümü için bir araç olan akıllı yönetişim, kamu yönetiminin sorunsuz işlemesi için teknolojinin kullanılması olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Teknolojinin siyasi sistemde ve idari sistemde benimsenmesi ise e-Devlet uygulamaları ile mümkün olmaktadır. Akıllı devlet, e-Devletin gelişmiş halini ifade etmektedir. Akıllı yönetişim; açık, katılımcı ve akıllı bir devletin varlığına zemin hazırlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada; Türkiye ve seçilmiş Avrupa Birliği ülkelerinde akıllı şehir yönetişimde etkili olan değişkenlerin dinamik mekânsal panel veri modellenmesi ile ortaya çıkartılarak politika önerilerin sağlanması amaçlanmaktadır.

Successful use of information communication technologies for creative information networks, strategic planning, integrated management and sustainability becomes a necessity with the transition to the digital age. Smart cities activate intelligent urban systems to serve socio-economic, cultural and ecological development and improve the quality of life. Smart cities, where technology is the basis, improve current services and offer new services by improving citizen involvement. In addition, smart governance in terms of smart state, is affected by e-participation, political stability, efficiency of the state, rule of law, accountability and transparency. Smart governance, a tool for problems to be solved at the local level, is technology-use for smooth functioning of public administration. The adoption of technology in political system and administrative system can be enabled with e-government. Smart government refers to the advanced version of e-Government. Smart governance forms the basis for an open, participatory and smart state. In this study, it is aimed to reveal the variables that are effective in smart city governance and to provide policy recommendations in Turkey and selected European Union countries using dynamic spatial panel data modeling.

 Dijitalleşme Akıllı Şehir Akıllı Yönetişim Akıllı Devlet Dinamik Mekânsal Panel Veri Digitalization Smart City Smart Governance Smart Government Dynamic Spatial Panel Data Acar Şentürk, A. ve Karabey, U. (2016). Sağlık sigortasında toplam hasar tutarının kestirimi için tek-kısım ve iki-kısım modellerin karşılaştırılması. İstatistikçiler Dergisi: İstatistik ve Aktüerya, 9(2), 87-97. Afonso, A., St. Aubyn (2006). Non-parametric approaches to education and health efficiency in OECD countries. Journal of Applied Economics, 8 (2), 227-246 Afonso, A.; Schuknecht, L. and Tanzi, V. (2005). Public sector efficiency: An international comparison. Public Choice, 123 (3-4), 321-347 Ake, C. (1975). A definition of political stability. Comparative Politics, 7(2), 271-283. Aletà, N. B., Alonso, C. M., and Ruiz, R. M. A. (2017). Smart mobility and smart environment in the Spanish cities. Transportation research procedia, 24, 163-170. Benevolo, C., Dameri, R. P., and D’auria, B. (2016). Smart mobility in smart city. In Empowering organizations (pp. 13-28). Springer, Cham. Benevolo, C., Dameri, R. P., and D’auria, B. (2016). Smart mobility in smart city. In Empowering organizations (pp. 13-28). Springer, Cham. Bolívar, M. P. R. (2016). Mapping Dimensions of Governance in Smart Cities: Practitioners versus Prior Research. In Proceedings of the 17th International Digital Government Research Conference on Digital Government Research, 312-324. Shanghai: China Carothers, T. (1998). The rule of law revival. Foreign Aff., 77, 95. Castells. (2011).  The Rise of the Network Society: The Information Age— Economy, Society, and Culture. Vol.1. Dal, S. (2018). Determinats of Poverty in Turkey. Econometrics: Methods and Applications. Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi. ss: 127-140. Dal, S. ve Sevüktekin, M. (2018). Türkiye’de öznel iyi oluş’un yaşam alanları yaklaşımı ile ölçülmesi. Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi, 18 (EYİ Özel Sayısı), 433-446. DOI: 10.18092/ulikidince.351465 Elhorst, J. P. (2012). Dynamic spatial panels: models, methods, and inferences. Journal of geographical systems, 14(1), 5-28. Estevez, E., Lopes, N., and Janowski, T. (2016). Smart sustainable cities: Reconnaissance study. Garcia, A. R. (2020). AI, IoT, Big data, and technologies in digital economy with blockchain at sustainable work satisfaction to smart mankind: Access to 6th dimension of human rights. In Smart Governance For Cities: Perspectives And Experiences (pp. 83-131). Springer, Cham. Giffinger, R., and Pichler-Milanović, N. (2007). Smart cities: Ranking of European medium-sized cities. Centre of Regional Science, Vienna University of Technology. Gil-Garcia, J. R. (2012). Enacting electronic government success: An integrative study of government-wide websites, organizational capabilities, and institutions (Vol. 31). Springer Science and Business Media. Gupta, S., Verhoeven, M. (2001). The efficiency of government expenditure Experiences from Africa. Journal of Policy Modelling 23, 433– 467 Hauner, D. (2008). Explaining Differences in Public Sector Efficiency: Evidence from Russia’s Regions, 36 (10),1745-1765. Hauner, D., and, A. (2010). Determinants of government efficiency. World Development, 38(11), 1527-1542. Kar, A. K., Gupta, M. P., Ilavarasan, P. V., and Dwivedi, Y. K. (2017). Understanding Smart Cities: Inputs for Research and Practice. Advances In Smart Cıtıes Smarter People, Governance, and Solutıons, Ed. Arpan Kumar Kar, Manmohan Prasad Gupta, P. Vigneswara Ilavarasan ve Yogesh K. Dwivedi, CRC Press, 1-8. Kim, S., and Lee, J. (2012). E‐participation, transparency, and trust in local government. Public administration review, 72(6), 819-828. Kumar, T. V., and Dahiya, B. (2017). Smart economy in smart cities. In Smart economy in smart cities (pp. 3-76). Springer, Singapore. Lombardi, P., and Vanolo, A. (2015). Smart city as a mobile technology: Critical perspectives on urban development policies. In Transforming city governments for successful smart cities (pp. 147-161). Springer, Cham. Lopes, N. V. M., and Farooq, S. (2020). Smart City Governance Model for Pakistan. In Smart Governance for Cities: Perspectives and Experiences (pp. 17-28). Springer, Cham. Meijer, A., and Bolívar, M. P. R. (2016). Governing the smart city: a review of the literature on smart urban governance. international review of administrative sciences, 82(2), 392-408. Mirghaemi, S. A. (2019). Akıllı kentler üzerine bir inceleme: TÜRKİYE örneği. Beykent Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 12(2), 37-46. Mulgan, R. (2000). Accountability: An ever‐expanding concept?. Public administration, 78(3), 555-573. Nam T (2012) Modeling municipal service integration: A comparative case study of New York and Philadelphia 311 systems. Dissertation, University at Albany, State University of New York. Nam, T., and Pardo, T. A. (2011). Conceptualizing smart city with dimensions of technology, people, and institutions. In Proceedings of the 12th annual international digital government research conference: digital government innovation in challenging times, 282-291. Paskaleva, K. A. (2009). Enabling the smart city: The progress of city e-governance in Europe. International Journal of Innovation and regional development, 1(4), 405-422. Pereira, G. V., Parycek, P., Falco, E., and Kleinhans, R. (2018). Smart governance in the context of smart cities: A literature review. Information Polity, 23(2), 143-162. Ranchod, R. (2020). The data-technology nexus in South African secondary cities: The challenges to smart governance. Urban Studies, 57(16), 3281-3298. Ruhlandt, R. W. S. (2018). The governance of smart cities: A systematic literature review. Cities, 81, 1-23. Scholl, H. J., and AlAwadhi, S. (2016). Creating smart governance: the key to radical ıct overhaul at the city of Munich. Information Polity, 21(1), 21-42. Schuurman, D, Baccarne, B, De Marez, L, Mechant, P (2012) Smart ideas for smart cities: Investigating crowdsourcing for generating and selecting ideas for ICT innovation in a city context. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, 7(3), 49–62. Soe, R. M. (2020). Mobility in Smart cities: will automated vehicles take ıt over?. In Smart Governance for Cities: Perspectives and Experiences (pp. 189-216). Springer, Cham. Su, K., Li, J., and Fu, H. (2011). Smart city and the applications. In 2011 International Conference odn Electronics, Communications And Control (ICECC) (pp. 1028-1031). IEEE. Şentürk, A. ve Erdemir, C. (2010). Kredibilite kuramında panel veri modelleri ve trafik sigortası için bir uygulama. İstatistikçiler Dergisi: İstatistik ve Aktüerya, 3.1, 17-36. Taamallah, A., Khemaja, M., and Faiz, S. (2020). Building a framework for smart cities: strategy development. In Smart Governance for Cities: Perspectives and Experiences (pp. 29-53). Springer, Cham. Tanzi, V., Schuknecht, L. (2000). Public spending in the 20th century: A global perspective, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Testoni, C., and Boeri, A. (2015). Smart Governance: urban regeneration and integration policies in Europe. Turin and Malmö case studies. International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, 6(3), 527-533. Walravens, N (2012) Mobile business and the smart city: Developing a business model framework to include public design parameters for mobile city services. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, 7(3), 121–135. Willke, H (2007) Smart Governance: Governing the Global Knowledge Society, New York: Campus Verlag. Yıldırım, J. ve Dal, S. (2016). Social transfers and labor force participation relation in Turkey: a bivariate probit analysis. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 52 (7), 1515-1527. Yücel, M. A. (2021). Sürdürebilir kalkınma kapsamında eko-verimlilik ve eko-inovasyon: Dinamik mekânsal panel veri analizi (Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Edirne: Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Ekonometri Anabilim Dalı. Yücel, M.A. (2021). Çevresel sürdürülebilirliğin değerlendirilmesi: Dinamik mekânsal panel veri yaklaşımı. Bilgi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 23(1), 53-90.