Yıl 2025,
Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 17 - 27, 31.01.2025
Ayşegül Kamalak
,
Fatma Özkan Tuncay
Kaynakça
- Adın, R. M., Ceren. A. N., Salcı. Y. et al. (2022). Dimensionality, psychometric properties, and
population-based norms of the Turkish version of the Chalder Fatigue Scale among adults. Health and
Quality of Life Outcomes, 20(1), 161. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-022-02074-x
- Ağaçhanlı, R., Balaban, Ö. D., Yazar, M. S. et al. (2016)., Hashimoto tiroiditine bağlı gelişen psikoz: Bir olgu
sunumu. Düşünen Adam, The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences, (29), 181-186.
https://doi.org/10.5350/DAJPN2016290212
- Akarsu, E., Alagöl, F., Altun, B. et al. (2020). Tiroid Hastalıkları Tanı ve Tedavi Kılavuzu, 3, 13-21.
Akpınar, N. B., Ceran, M. A. (2019). Kronik hastalıklar verehabilitasyon hemşireliği. Adnan Menderes
Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(2), 140- 152.
- Akter, N., Qureshi, N. K., Ferdous, H. S. (2017). Subclinical hypothyroidism: A review on clinical consequences
and management strategies. Journal of Medicine, 18(1), 30-36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v18i1.31174
- Aytap, F., Özer, Z. (2021). Kronik hastalığı olan bireylerde depresyon riski ile hastalık öz yönetimi arasındaki ilişki
ve etkileyen faktörler. Turkish Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 15 (2), 212-222.
https://doi.org/10.21763/tjfmpc.788814
- Basiura, K., Starzomska, D., Rymaszewska, K., et al. (2024). The association between hypothyroidism, mental
disorders and physical activity: a comprehensive review. Quality in Sport, 16, 52499-52499.
https://dx.doi.org/10.12775/QS.2024.16.52499
- Beck, A. T. (1961). An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 4, 561-571.
Boylu, A., Paçacıoğlu, B. (2016). Yaşam kalitesi ve göstergeleri. Journal of Academic Researches and
Studies, 15(8), 137-150.
- Bozkurt, C., Akay, B., Sinmaz, T. (2020). Kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığı olan bireylerde yorgunluk düzeyi ile
uyku kalitesinin ilişkisi, Osmangazi Journal of Medicine, 42(6), 627-638.https://doi.org/10.20515/otd.655648
- Bukvic, B., Sipetic, S., Stanisavljevic, D. et al. (2014). Quality of life. anxiety and depression in patients with
thyroid diseases and correlating factors. Acta Med Mediterranea, 30, 731. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00423-014-1221-7
- Can, G., Durna, Z., Aydiner, A. (2004). Assessment of fatigue in and care needs of Turkish women with
breast cancer. Cancer Nursing, 27(2), 153-161.
- Çaklılı, Ö. T. (2019). Ötiroid hashimoto tiroiditi ve subklinik hipotiroidisi olan hastalarda depresif semptomların
değerlendirilmesi. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sağlık BilimleriDergisi, 5(3), 106-108. https://doi.org/10.30934/kusbed.600302
- Çiftçi, A., Karaca, E. (2021). Hipotiroidi tanısı almış kadınların yaşam kalitesi ile besin tüketim alışkanlıkları
ve bazı antropometrik parametreler arasındaki ilişkinin saptanması. Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri
Dergisi, 12(1), 87-93. https://doi.org/10.31067/acusaglik.831638
- Demartini, B., Ranieri, R., Masu, A. (2014). Depressive symptoms and majör depressive disorder in patients
affected by subclinical hypothyroidism: a crosssectional study. J Nerv Ment Dis, 202(8), 603-
637. https://doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0000000000000168
- Doğan, A.G., Doğan, M., Karahan, İ. (2020). Kronikyorgunluk sendromuna genel yaklaşım ve
adölesanlarda görülme sıklığı. J Health Sci Med, 3(1), 67-70. https://doi.org/10.32322/jhsm.660275
- El Najjar, M., Soliman, S. S., Naidany, S. S. E. et al. (2022). Study of study of fatigue in hypothyroid patients.
Menoufia Medical Journal, 1(5), 553-558. https://doi.org/10.4103/mmj.mmj_268_21
- Fong, T.C., Chan, J.S., Chan, C.L. et al. (2015). Psychometric properties of the Chalder Fatigue Scale revisited: an
exploratory structural equation modeling approach. Qual Life Res, 24(9), 2273-2278.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-015-0944-4
- Fugger, G., Dold, M., Bartova, L. et al. (2018). Comorbid thyroid disease in patients with major depressive
disorder – results from the European group fort he study of resistant depression (GSRD). Eur
Neuropsychopharmacol, 28(6), 752-760. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.03.005
- Gorkhali, B., Sharma, S., Amatya, M. et al. (2020). Anxiety and depression among patients with thyroid function
disorders. Journal of Nepal Health Research Council, 18(48), 373-378.
https://doi.org/10.33314/jnhrc.v18i3.2499
- Güzel, A., Ergün, G. (2020). Üniversite öğrencilerinde depresyon sıklığı ve ilişkili faktörler. Ankara Sağlık
Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(2), 279-289. https://www.doi.org/10.46971/ausbid.763213
- Ha, H., Jeong, D., Hahm, B. J. et al. (2018). Cross-cultural validation of the Korean Version of the Chalder Fatigue
Scale. Int J Behav Med, 25(3), 351-61.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-017-9701-0
- Hatiboğlu, B. (2012). Hipotiroidili olgularda THYDQOL(Underactıve Thyroıd-Dependent Qualıty Of Lıfe
Questıonnaıre) Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeğinin Türkçe'ye uyarlanması ve Türkçe Sürümünün geçerliliğinin ve
güvenirliliğinin sınanması. Yayınlanmamış UzmanlıkTezi, Celal Bayar Üniversitesi. Manisa.
- Hegedüs, L., Bianco, A. C., Jonklaas, J. et al. (2022). Primary hypothyroidism and quality of life. Nature Reviews
Endocrinology, 18(4), 230-242. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-021-00625-8
- Hirsch, J. K., Sirois, F. M. (2016). Hope and fatigue in chronic illness: The role of perceived stress. J Health
Psychology, 21(4), 451-456. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105314527142
- Hisli, N. (1989). Beck Depresyon Envanterinin üniversite öğrencileri için geçerliği ve güvenirliği. Psikoloji Dergisi,
7(23), 3-13.
- Hong, J. W., Noh, J. H., Kim, D. J. (2018). Association between subclinical thyroid dysfunction and
depressive symptoms in the Korean adult population: The 2014 Korea National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey. PloS one, 13(8), e0202258.
- Jansen, H. I., Boelen, A., Heijboer, A. C., et al. (2023). Hypothyroidism: the difficulty in attributing symptoms
to their underlying cause. Frontiers inendocrinology, 14, 1130661. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2023.1130661
- Kelderman-Bolk, N., Visser, T. J., Tijssen, J. G. et al. (2015). Quality of life in patients with primary hypothyroidism
is related to BMI. European Journal Of Endocrinology, 173(4), 507-515. https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-15-0395
- Loh, H. H., Lim, L. L., Yee, A. et al. (2019). Association between subclinical hypothyroidism and depression:
an updated systematic review and metaanalysis. BMC Psychiatry, 19(1), 12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-
018-2006-2
- McMillan, C.V., Bradley, C., Woodcock, A. et al. (2004). Design of new questionnaires to measure quality of life
and treatment satisfaction in hypothyroidism. Thyroid, 14, 916–925. https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2004.14.916
- Murphy, S., Niemiec, S. S. (2014). Aging. fatigue. and fatigability: İmplications for occupational and physical
therapists. Curr Geriatr Rep, 3,135–141https://doi.org/10.1007/s13670-014-0093-6
- Özen, Ö. Z., Cander, S., Ersoy, C. (2018). Subklinik hipotiroidi nedir? Tedavi edilmeli midir? Uludağ
Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 44(2), 129-134. https://doi.org/10.32708/uutfd.435351
- Piper, B. F., Dibble, S. L., Dodd, M. J. et al. (1998). The revised Piper Fatigue Scale: Psychometric evaluation in
women with breast cancer. Oncol Nurs Forum, 25, 677-684.
- Raij, T., Raij, K. (2024). Association between fatigue, peripheral serotonin, and L-carnitine in
hypothyroidism and in chronic fatigue syndrome. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 15, 1358404.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2024.1358404
- Ruíz-Pacheco, M. G., Hernández, I., Hernández-Estrella, G., et al. (2023). Severity of fatigue and its relationship
with TSH before and after levothyroxine replacement therapy in patients with primary hypothyroidism.
Biomedicines, 11(3), 811. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11030811
- Shah, R. (2017). In older adults with subclinical hypothyroidism, levothyroxine did not improve
symptoms or tiredness. Annals of Internal Medicine, 167, JC14. https://doi.org/10.7326/acpjc-2017-167-4-014
- Shivaprasad, C., Rakesh, B., Anish, K. et al. (2018). Impairment of health related quality of life among
Indian patients with hypothyroidism. Indian Journal ofEndocrinology and Metabolism, 22(3), 335-338.
https://doi.org/10.4103%2Fijem.IJEM_702_17
- Siegmann, E. M., Müller, H., Luecke, C. et al. (2018). Association of depression and anxiety disorders with
autoimmune thyroiditis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry, 75(6), 577-584.
https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.0190
- Werneck, F. Z., Coelho, E. F., Almas, S. P. et al. (2018). Exercise training improves quality of life in women
with subclinical hypothyroidism: A randomized clinical trial. Arch. Endokrinol. Metab, 62 (5), 530-536.
https://doi.org/10.20945/2359-3997000000073
- Wilson, S. A., Stem, L. A., Bruehlman, R. D. (2021). Hypothyroidism: Diagnosis and treatment. American
Family Physician, 103(10), 605-613.https://familydoctor.org/condition/hypothyroidism/
- Yontar, G., Semiz, M., Kuğu, N. et al. (2015). Hipotiroidi ile ilişkili psikotik mani: Bir vaka sunumu. Journal of Mood
Disorders, 5(3),134-137.https://doi.org/10.5455/jmood.20140622094055
Fatigue, Depression and Quality of Life in Individuals with Hypothyroidism
Yıl 2025,
Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 17 - 27, 31.01.2025
Ayşegül Kamalak
,
Fatma Özkan Tuncay
Öz
Purpose: This research was conducted to examine fatigue, depression and quality of life levels in individuals with hypothyroidism and the relationship between variables.
Material and Methods: The study was conducted with 150 individuals who were treated with a diagnosis of hypothyroidism at the Endocrinology Clinic of a State Hospital located in a province and who met the inclusion criteria for the study. Study data; It was collected by face-to-face interview using the Individual Introduction Form, Beck Depression Scale, Piper Fatigue Scale and ThyDQoL-TR Quality of Life Scale. The data were analyzed in a computer environment using appropriate statistical tests.
Results: In the study, it was determined that the fatigue severity of individuals with hypothyroidism was moderate (4.97±1.59), the depression severity was mild (15.43±8.83), and their quality of life was negatively affected (-5.34±8.44) compared to their situation before hypothyroidism was diagnosed. It was determined that there was a moderate positive relationship between the Piper Fatigue Scale subscales and total scale score and the Beck Depression Inventory scores.
Conclusion: The study concluded that individuals with hypothyroidism experience fatigue and superficial depression, and their quality of life is negatively affected after being diagnosed with the disease. In this context, it is recommended to evaluate fatigue, depression and quality of life levels in individuals with hypothyroidism, plan appropriate nursing interventions and raise awareness by organizing training/consultancy programs.
Etik Beyan
Ethical approval was obtained from the Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee of a university with the date 19.02.2020 and number 2020-02/50. During the data collection phase, all individuals who agreed to participate in the research were informed about the study and the confidentiality of the data, and their verbal and written consents were obtained. At every stage of the research, the principles of the Helsinki Declaration were adhered to.
Kaynakça
- Adın, R. M., Ceren. A. N., Salcı. Y. et al. (2022). Dimensionality, psychometric properties, and
population-based norms of the Turkish version of the Chalder Fatigue Scale among adults. Health and
Quality of Life Outcomes, 20(1), 161. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-022-02074-x
- Ağaçhanlı, R., Balaban, Ö. D., Yazar, M. S. et al. (2016)., Hashimoto tiroiditine bağlı gelişen psikoz: Bir olgu
sunumu. Düşünen Adam, The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences, (29), 181-186.
https://doi.org/10.5350/DAJPN2016290212
- Akarsu, E., Alagöl, F., Altun, B. et al. (2020). Tiroid Hastalıkları Tanı ve Tedavi Kılavuzu, 3, 13-21.
Akpınar, N. B., Ceran, M. A. (2019). Kronik hastalıklar verehabilitasyon hemşireliği. Adnan Menderes
Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(2), 140- 152.
- Akter, N., Qureshi, N. K., Ferdous, H. S. (2017). Subclinical hypothyroidism: A review on clinical consequences
and management strategies. Journal of Medicine, 18(1), 30-36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v18i1.31174
- Aytap, F., Özer, Z. (2021). Kronik hastalığı olan bireylerde depresyon riski ile hastalık öz yönetimi arasındaki ilişki
ve etkileyen faktörler. Turkish Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 15 (2), 212-222.
https://doi.org/10.21763/tjfmpc.788814
- Basiura, K., Starzomska, D., Rymaszewska, K., et al. (2024). The association between hypothyroidism, mental
disorders and physical activity: a comprehensive review. Quality in Sport, 16, 52499-52499.
https://dx.doi.org/10.12775/QS.2024.16.52499
- Beck, A. T. (1961). An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 4, 561-571.
Boylu, A., Paçacıoğlu, B. (2016). Yaşam kalitesi ve göstergeleri. Journal of Academic Researches and
Studies, 15(8), 137-150.
- Bozkurt, C., Akay, B., Sinmaz, T. (2020). Kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığı olan bireylerde yorgunluk düzeyi ile
uyku kalitesinin ilişkisi, Osmangazi Journal of Medicine, 42(6), 627-638.https://doi.org/10.20515/otd.655648
- Bukvic, B., Sipetic, S., Stanisavljevic, D. et al. (2014). Quality of life. anxiety and depression in patients with
thyroid diseases and correlating factors. Acta Med Mediterranea, 30, 731. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00423-014-1221-7
- Can, G., Durna, Z., Aydiner, A. (2004). Assessment of fatigue in and care needs of Turkish women with
breast cancer. Cancer Nursing, 27(2), 153-161.
- Çaklılı, Ö. T. (2019). Ötiroid hashimoto tiroiditi ve subklinik hipotiroidisi olan hastalarda depresif semptomların
değerlendirilmesi. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sağlık BilimleriDergisi, 5(3), 106-108. https://doi.org/10.30934/kusbed.600302
- Çiftçi, A., Karaca, E. (2021). Hipotiroidi tanısı almış kadınların yaşam kalitesi ile besin tüketim alışkanlıkları
ve bazı antropometrik parametreler arasındaki ilişkinin saptanması. Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri
Dergisi, 12(1), 87-93. https://doi.org/10.31067/acusaglik.831638
- Demartini, B., Ranieri, R., Masu, A. (2014). Depressive symptoms and majör depressive disorder in patients
affected by subclinical hypothyroidism: a crosssectional study. J Nerv Ment Dis, 202(8), 603-
637. https://doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0000000000000168
- Doğan, A.G., Doğan, M., Karahan, İ. (2020). Kronikyorgunluk sendromuna genel yaklaşım ve
adölesanlarda görülme sıklığı. J Health Sci Med, 3(1), 67-70. https://doi.org/10.32322/jhsm.660275
- El Najjar, M., Soliman, S. S., Naidany, S. S. E. et al. (2022). Study of study of fatigue in hypothyroid patients.
Menoufia Medical Journal, 1(5), 553-558. https://doi.org/10.4103/mmj.mmj_268_21
- Fong, T.C., Chan, J.S., Chan, C.L. et al. (2015). Psychometric properties of the Chalder Fatigue Scale revisited: an
exploratory structural equation modeling approach. Qual Life Res, 24(9), 2273-2278.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-015-0944-4
- Fugger, G., Dold, M., Bartova, L. et al. (2018). Comorbid thyroid disease in patients with major depressive
disorder – results from the European group fort he study of resistant depression (GSRD). Eur
Neuropsychopharmacol, 28(6), 752-760. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.03.005
- Gorkhali, B., Sharma, S., Amatya, M. et al. (2020). Anxiety and depression among patients with thyroid function
disorders. Journal of Nepal Health Research Council, 18(48), 373-378.
https://doi.org/10.33314/jnhrc.v18i3.2499
- Güzel, A., Ergün, G. (2020). Üniversite öğrencilerinde depresyon sıklığı ve ilişkili faktörler. Ankara Sağlık
Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(2), 279-289. https://www.doi.org/10.46971/ausbid.763213
- Ha, H., Jeong, D., Hahm, B. J. et al. (2018). Cross-cultural validation of the Korean Version of the Chalder Fatigue
Scale. Int J Behav Med, 25(3), 351-61.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-017-9701-0
- Hatiboğlu, B. (2012). Hipotiroidili olgularda THYDQOL(Underactıve Thyroıd-Dependent Qualıty Of Lıfe
Questıonnaıre) Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeğinin Türkçe'ye uyarlanması ve Türkçe Sürümünün geçerliliğinin ve
güvenirliliğinin sınanması. Yayınlanmamış UzmanlıkTezi, Celal Bayar Üniversitesi. Manisa.
- Hegedüs, L., Bianco, A. C., Jonklaas, J. et al. (2022). Primary hypothyroidism and quality of life. Nature Reviews
Endocrinology, 18(4), 230-242. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-021-00625-8
- Hirsch, J. K., Sirois, F. M. (2016). Hope and fatigue in chronic illness: The role of perceived stress. J Health
Psychology, 21(4), 451-456. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105314527142
- Hisli, N. (1989). Beck Depresyon Envanterinin üniversite öğrencileri için geçerliği ve güvenirliği. Psikoloji Dergisi,
7(23), 3-13.
- Hong, J. W., Noh, J. H., Kim, D. J. (2018). Association between subclinical thyroid dysfunction and
depressive symptoms in the Korean adult population: The 2014 Korea National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey. PloS one, 13(8), e0202258.
- Jansen, H. I., Boelen, A., Heijboer, A. C., et al. (2023). Hypothyroidism: the difficulty in attributing symptoms
to their underlying cause. Frontiers inendocrinology, 14, 1130661. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2023.1130661
- Kelderman-Bolk, N., Visser, T. J., Tijssen, J. G. et al. (2015). Quality of life in patients with primary hypothyroidism
is related to BMI. European Journal Of Endocrinology, 173(4), 507-515. https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-15-0395
- Loh, H. H., Lim, L. L., Yee, A. et al. (2019). Association between subclinical hypothyroidism and depression:
an updated systematic review and metaanalysis. BMC Psychiatry, 19(1), 12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-
018-2006-2
- McMillan, C.V., Bradley, C., Woodcock, A. et al. (2004). Design of new questionnaires to measure quality of life
and treatment satisfaction in hypothyroidism. Thyroid, 14, 916–925. https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2004.14.916
- Murphy, S., Niemiec, S. S. (2014). Aging. fatigue. and fatigability: İmplications for occupational and physical
therapists. Curr Geriatr Rep, 3,135–141https://doi.org/10.1007/s13670-014-0093-6
- Özen, Ö. Z., Cander, S., Ersoy, C. (2018). Subklinik hipotiroidi nedir? Tedavi edilmeli midir? Uludağ
Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 44(2), 129-134. https://doi.org/10.32708/uutfd.435351
- Piper, B. F., Dibble, S. L., Dodd, M. J. et al. (1998). The revised Piper Fatigue Scale: Psychometric evaluation in
women with breast cancer. Oncol Nurs Forum, 25, 677-684.
- Raij, T., Raij, K. (2024). Association between fatigue, peripheral serotonin, and L-carnitine in
hypothyroidism and in chronic fatigue syndrome. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 15, 1358404.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2024.1358404
- Ruíz-Pacheco, M. G., Hernández, I., Hernández-Estrella, G., et al. (2023). Severity of fatigue and its relationship
with TSH before and after levothyroxine replacement therapy in patients with primary hypothyroidism.
Biomedicines, 11(3), 811. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11030811
- Shah, R. (2017). In older adults with subclinical hypothyroidism, levothyroxine did not improve
symptoms or tiredness. Annals of Internal Medicine, 167, JC14. https://doi.org/10.7326/acpjc-2017-167-4-014
- Shivaprasad, C., Rakesh, B., Anish, K. et al. (2018). Impairment of health related quality of life among
Indian patients with hypothyroidism. Indian Journal ofEndocrinology and Metabolism, 22(3), 335-338.
https://doi.org/10.4103%2Fijem.IJEM_702_17
- Siegmann, E. M., Müller, H., Luecke, C. et al. (2018). Association of depression and anxiety disorders with
autoimmune thyroiditis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry, 75(6), 577-584.
https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.0190
- Werneck, F. Z., Coelho, E. F., Almas, S. P. et al. (2018). Exercise training improves quality of life in women
with subclinical hypothyroidism: A randomized clinical trial. Arch. Endokrinol. Metab, 62 (5), 530-536.
https://doi.org/10.20945/2359-3997000000073
- Wilson, S. A., Stem, L. A., Bruehlman, R. D. (2021). Hypothyroidism: Diagnosis and treatment. American
Family Physician, 103(10), 605-613.https://familydoctor.org/condition/hypothyroidism/
- Yontar, G., Semiz, M., Kuğu, N. et al. (2015). Hipotiroidi ile ilişkili psikotik mani: Bir vaka sunumu. Journal of Mood
Disorders, 5(3),134-137.https://doi.org/10.5455/jmood.20140622094055