A REVIEW ON PULSATING HEAT PIPES: LATEST RESEARCH, APPLICATIONS AND FUTURE SCOPE

Year 2021, , 387 - 408, 01.03.2021

Chirag Dave Prajwal Dandale Kushagra Shrivastava Dashrath Dhaygude Kavi Rahangdale Nilesh More

https://doi.org/10.18186/thermal.878983

Cited By: 8

Abstract

Heat pipes have become popular as passive heat dissipation devices for many applications ranging from electronics to heat recovery in recent years. Pulsating Heat Pipe abbreviated as PHP is an exclusive category of a heat pipe which does have wick structure. It transfers heat between its evaporator and condenser sections due to the to and fro movement of working fluid caused due to the continuous change of phase taking place in it. Its operation involves combined hydrodynamic and thermodynamic effects causing the two-phase flow, making it difficult to fully understand it. Nevertheless, the PHPs have drawn the attention of investigators worldwide due to their simplicity in construction and a wide range of applications requiring high heat flux transfer. This review starts with a prologue of the attempts made by various investigators to explain the operation of PHPs through mathematical modeling. Later numerical simulations through Computational Fluid Dynamics of PHP performed by various investigators have been discussed. Review of latest experimental investigations performed on PHPs, is presented concisely in a tabular form. Novel concepts like the application of nanofluids, magnetic field and surfactant, applied for enhancing the performance of the PHPs have been discussed. At the end, applications of PHP and future scope have been discussed.

Keywords

Pulsating Heat Pipes, CFD, Thermal Resistance, Fill Ratio

References

• [1] Himel B, Mohammad A, Md Nuruzzaman, Quamrul I, Chowdhury M. Effect of filling ratio on heat transfer characteristics and performance of a closed loop pulsating heat pipe. In: 5th BSME International Conference on Thermal Engineering, pp. 88-95; 2013.
• [2] Pachghare PR, Ashish MM. Effect of pure and binary fluids on closed loop pulsating heat pipe thermal performance. In: Chemical, Civil and Mechanical Engineering Tracks of 3rd Nirma University International Conference, pp. 624-629; 2013.
• [3] Mohammad BS, Amir F, Yuwen Z. Thermal Modeling of Unlooped and Pulsating Heat Pipes. ASME Journal of Heat Transfer, 2001; 123(6): 1159-1172.
• [4] Sameer K, Xiaoyu C, Manfred G. Thermal performance modeling of pulsating heat pipes by artificial neural network. In: 12th International Heat Pipe Conference, Moscow, Russia, pp. 215-219; 2002.
• [5] Sameer K.,Piyanun C, Manfred G, Pradit T. Closed loop pulsating heat pipes part B:visualization and semi-empirical modeling. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2003; 23(16): 2021-2033.
• [6] Dobson RT. Theoretical and experimental modeling of an open oscillatory heat pipe including gravity. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2004; 43(2): 113-119.
• [7] Sankulchangsatjatai P, Terdtoon P, Wongratanaphisan T, Kamonpet P, Murakami M. Operation modeling of closed-end and closed-loop oscillating heat pipes at normal operating condition. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2004; 24(7): 995-1008.
• [8] Ma HB, Hanlon MA, Chen CL. An investigation of oscillating motions in a miniature pulsating heat pipes. Microfluidics and Nanofluidics, 2006; 2(2): 171-179.
• [9] Sankulchangsatjatai P, Chareonsawan P, Waowaew T, Terdtoon P, Murakami M. Mathematical modeling of closed-end pulsating heat pipes operating with a bottom heat mode. Heat Transfer Engineering, 2008; 29(3): 239-254.
• [10] Narasimha KR, Sridhara SN, Rajagopal MS and Seetharamu KN. Parametric studies on pulsating heat pipe. International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, 2010; 20(4): 392-415.
• [11] Mauro M, Marco M, Stefano Z. Numerical investigation of the effects of orientation and gravity in a closed loop pulsating heat pipe. Microgravity Sci. Technology, 2012; 24(2): 79-92.
• [12] Peng CH and Hongbin Ma. A mathematical model of an oscillating heat pipe. Heat Transfer Engineering,2011; 32(11-12): 1037-1046.
• [13] Mameli M, Marengo M, Zinna S. Numerical model of a multi-turn closed loop pulsating heat pipe: Effects of the local pressure losses due to meanderings. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2012; 55(4) :1036-1047.
• [14] Sejung K, Yuwen Z, Jongwook C. Effects of fluctuations of heating and cooling section temperatures on performance of a pulsating heat pipe. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2013; 58(1-2): 42-51.
• [15] Yin D, Rajab H, Ma HB. Theoretical analysis of maximum filling ratio in an oscillating heat pipe. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2014: 353-357.
• [16] Gursel G, Frijns AJH, Homburg FGA, Van Steenhoven AA. A mass-spring-damper model of a pulsating heat pipe with a non-uniform and asymmetric filling. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2015; 91(5): 80-90.
• [17] Patel VM, Mehta HB. Thermal performance prediction models for a pulsating heat pipe using artificial neural network (ann) and regression/correlation analysis (rca). Sadhana, 2018, 43: 184.
• [18] Xiangdong L, Yingli H. Numerical Simulation of Vapor-Liquid Two-Phase Flow In A Closed Oscillating Heat Pipe. In: International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition, Florida, USA pp.609-617; 2009.
• [19] Subhash N, Pramod P. Experimental and CFD Analysis of closed loop Pulsating Heat Pipe with DI-water. In: International Conference on Energy Efficient Technologies for Sustainability, pp.185-190; 2013.
• [20] Zirong L, Shuangfeng W, Ryo S, Zhang LW. Simulation of a miniature oscillating heat pipe in bottom heating mode using CFD with unsteady modeling. International Journal of Heat and Mass transfer, 2013; 57(2): 642-656.
• [21] Rudresha S, Vijee K. CFD Analysis and Experimental Investigations on Thermal Performance of Closed loop Pulsating Heat pipe using different Nanofluids. International Journal of Advanced Research, 2014; 2(8): 753-760.
• [22] Pramod P, Ashish M. Thermo-hydrodynamics of closed loop pulsating heat pipe: an experimental study. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology,2014 ;28 (8) ; 3387-3394.
• [23] Jiansheng W, He M, Qiang Z. Effects of the evaporator and condenser length on the performance of pulsating heat pipes. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2015; 91(5): 1018-1025.
• [24] Mohd AH, Md Azizuddin, Md Khalid R. Cfd and volume fraction analysis of closed loop pulsating heat pipe (clphp). IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, 2016; 13(5): 88-94.
• [25] Jiaqiang E, Xiaohuan Z, Yuanwang D, Hao Z. Pressure distribution and flow characteristics of closed oscillating heat pipe during the starting process at different vacuum degrees. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2016; 93: 166-173.
• [26] Venkatasuresh J, Bhramara P. Cfd analysis of copper closed loop pulsating heat pipe. In: Materials Today, pp. 5487-5495; 2018.
• [27] Ashutosh G, Ajit P. Cfd modeling for thermal performance of Closed Loop Pulsating heat pipe in bottom heated mode. In: Sixth International Conference on Advances in Civil, Structural and Mechanical Engineering, pp. 46-50; 2017.
• [28] Sameer K, Manfred G, Charoensawan P, Rittidech S, Terdtoon P. Closed and open loop pulsating heat pipes. In: 13th International Heat Pipe Conference, Shanghai, China, 2004.
• [29] Meena P, Rittidech S, Tammasaeng P. Effect of inner diameter and inclination angles on operation limit of closed-loop oscillating heat-pipes with check valves. American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2008; 1(2): 100-103.
• [30] Kammuang-Lue N, Sakulchangsatjatai P, Terdtoon P. Effect of working fluids and internal diameters on thermal performance of vertical and horizontal closed-loop pulsating heat pipes with multiple heat sources. Thermal Science, 2016; 20(1): 77-87.
• [31] Islam F, Akhter F, Haider SB, Ali M. Effect Of Inner Diameter On The Thermal Performance Of Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe. International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering, 2017; 5(7): 69-72.
• [32] Kwon G. H. and Kim S.J., Analysis of Pulsating Heat Pipe with a Dual-Diameter Tube,10th International Conference on Heat Transfer.Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, 14-26 July, 2014.
• [33] Keerthi K, Srinath M, Ranjit KG. Effect of working fluid, heat input and filling ratio’s on performance of closed loop pulsating heat pipe. International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research and Engineering, 2017; 3(1): 209-215.
• [34] Zilong D, Yi Z, Xiangdong L, Bingping Z, Yongping C. Experimental study on thermal performance on anti-gravity pulsating heat pipe and its application on heat recovery utilization. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2017;125 : 1368-1378.
• [35] Takawale, Abraham S, Pattamatta A, Sielaff A, Stephan P. A comparative study of flow regimes and thermal performance between flat plate pulsating heat pipe (fpphp) and capillary tube pulsating heat pipe(ctphp). In: 10th International Conference on Boiling and Condensation Heat Transfer, Nagasaki, Japan; 2008.
• [36] Barua H, Ali M, Md. Nuruzzaman, Islam MQ, Chowdhury MF. Effect of filling ratio on heat transfer characteristics and performance of a closed loop pulsating heat pipe. In: 5th BSME International Conference on Thermal Engineering, Procedia Engineering, pp. 88 – 95; 2013.
• [37] Sarangi RK, Rane MV. Experimental investigations for start up and maximum heat load of closed loop pulsating heat pipe. In: 3rd Nirma University International Conference on Engineering, pp. 683 – 687, 2012.
• [38] Hua H, Xiaoyu C, Yue Z, Shende S. A comparative study of the behaviour of working fluids and their properties on the performance of pulsating heat pipes (PHP). International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2014; 82: 138-147.
• [39] Xiaoyu C, Yue Z, Zhihua L, Shende S. Combination study of operation characteristics and heat transfer mechanism for pulsating heat pipe. Applied Thermal Engineering,2014; 65(1-2): 394 - 402.
• [40] Nandan S, Das PK, Sharma PK. Influence of process variables on the hydrodynamics and performance of a single loop pulsating heat pipe. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2014; 74: 238-250.
• [41] Mameli M, Manno V, Filippeschi S, Marengo M. Thermal instability of a Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe: Combined effect of orientation and filling ratio. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2014; 59: 222–229.
• [42] Dong X, Laifeng L Huiming L. Experimental investigation on the thermal performance of helium based cryogenic pulsating heat pipe. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2016; 70: 61–68.
• [43] Meibo X, Ruixiang W, Rongji X. Experimental study on thermal performance of a pulsating heat pipe with surfactant aqueous solution. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2018; 127: 903–909.
• [44] Maria B, Romain B, Antoine B, Bertrand B. Experimental study of large-scale cryogenic pulsating heat pipe. In: Cryogenic Engineering Conference, USA, pp.1-8; 2017.
• [45] Kammuang-lue N, On-ai K, Sakulchangsatjatai P, Terdtoon P. Thermal characteristics of a rotating closed-loop pulsating heat pipe affected by centrifugal accelerations and numbers of turns. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2017; 4(3): 35-50.
• [46] Luis Diego F, Franklin M, John P. Experimental heat transfer analysis of a cryogenic nitrogen pulsating heat Pipe at various liquid fill ratios. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2018; 130: 343–353.
• [47] De Vries SF, Florea D, Homburg FGA, Frijns AJH. Design and operation of a Tesla-type valve for pulsating heat pipes. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2017; 105: 1–11.
• [48] Chen F, Zhenping W, Haijun M, Heng T, Longsheng L, Yong T. Heat transfer characteristics of a novel closed-loop pulsating heat pipe with a check valve. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2018; 141: 558-564.
• [49] Pastukhov VG, Maydanik YF, Development of pulsating heat pipe with directional circulation of a working fluid. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2016; 109: 155-161.
• [50] Wookyoung K, Hyung YN, Sunjoo L, Sung Jin K. Experimental Investigation on the Thermal Performance of Double-Condenser Pulsating Heat Pipes. In: 10th International Conference on Boiling and Condensation Heat Transfer Nagasaki, Japan, 2018.
• [51] Byeongchan K, Longnan L, Jihoon K, Daejoong K. A study on thermal performance of parallel connected pulsating heat pipe. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2017; 126 :1063–1068.
• [52] Lutfor MR, Fariha M, Sumaiya N, Sultana RA, Mohammad A. Effect of fin and insert on the performance characteristics of open loop pulsating heat pipe (olphp). 6th BSME International Conference on Thermal Engineering (ICTE 2014), Procedia Engineering, 2015; 105: 105–112.
• [53] Chih-Yung T, Kai-Shing Y, Kuo-Hsiang C, Ming-Shan J, Chi-Chuan W. Investigation of the performance of pulsating heat pipe subject to uniform/alternating tube diameters. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2014; 54: 85–92.
• [54] Chih-Yung T, Kai-Shing Y, Kuo-Hsiang C, Ming-Shan J, Chi-Chuan W. Investigation of the evacuation pressure on the performance of pulsating heat pipe. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2017; 85: 23–28.
• [55] Luis Betancur, Daniele Mangini, Arthur Facin, Marcia Mantelli, Kleber Paiva, Bruna Coutinho, Marco Marengo. Experimental study of start-up in a closed loop pulsating heat pipe with alternating superhydrophobic channels. In: Joint 19th IHPC and 13th IHPS, Italy, 2018.
• [56] Oguzhan D, Marco M, Volfango B. A low cost flexible pulsating heat pipe technology. In: 3rd Thermal and Fluids Engineering Conference (TFEC), FL, USA, pp. 4–7; 2018.
• [57] Oguzhan D, Marco M, Volfango B. Thermal performance of pulsating heat stripes (PHS) built with plastic materials. In: Joint 19th IHPC and 13th IHPS, Pisa, Italy, 2018.
• [58] Mangini D, Mameli M, Georgoulas A, Araneo L, Filippeschi S, Marengo M. A pulsating heat pipe for space applications: ground and microgravity experiments. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2015; 95: 53-6.
• [59] Sedighi E, Amarloo A, Shafii MB. Experimental investigation of the thermal characteristics of single-turn pulsating heat pipes with an extra branch. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2018; 134: 258–268.
• [60] Verma B, Yadav VL, Srivastava KK. Experimental study on thermal performance of pulsating heat pipe with Al2O3-deionized water nanofluid at different orientations. Journal of Enhanced Heat Transfer, 2013; 20 (2): 153–163.
• [61] Lutfor MR, Fariha M, Asfia TT, Sumaiya N, Mohammad A. Experimental Investigation on heat transfer characteristics of an open loop pulsating heat pipe (OLPHP) with fin. In: 6th BSME International Conference on Thermal Engineering, Dhaka, pp. 113 – 120; 2015.
• [62] Lutfor MR, Rasel S, Islam T, Noor H, Mohammad A. An experimental investigation on the effect of fin in the performance of closed loop pulsating heat pipe (CLPHP). In: 6th BSME International Conference on Thermal Engineering, Procedia Engineering, Dhaka, pp. 137–144; 2015.
• [63] Suchana AJ, Mohammad A, Md. Quamrul I. Effect of inclination angles on heat transfer characteristics of a closed loop pulsating heat pipe (CLPHP). In: 5th BSME International Conference on Thermal Engineering, Dhaka, pp.82– 87; 2015.
• [64] Xue Z, Qu W. Experimental study on effect of inclination angles to ammonia pulsating heat pipe. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, 2014; 27(5): 1122–1127.
• [65] Maziar M, Mehdi T, Shahab H. Open-loop pulsating heat pipes charged with magnetic nanofluids: powerful candidates for future electronic coolers. Nanoscale and Microscale Thermophysical Engineering, 2014 ;18 : 18–38.
• [66] Soohwan J, Sung JK. Comparison of the thermal performances and flow characteristics between closed-loop and closed-end micro pulsating heat pipes. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2016; 95: 890–901.
• [67] Lim J, Jin Kim S. Fabrication and experimental evaluation of a polymer-based flexible pulsating heat pipe. Energy Conversion and Management, 2018; 156: 358–364.
• [68] Vincent A, Yves B, Cyril R, Gwenael B. Experimental study of pulsating heat pipes tested in horizontal and vertical positions. In: 15th International Heat Pipe Conference (15th IHPC), Clemson, USA, pp. 25-30, 2010.
• [69] Masaru S, Shun O, Hiroyuki O. Experimental investigation of design factors on heat transfer performance of meter-scale oscillating heat pipe. In: 48th International Conference on Environmental Systems, New Mexico, pp.1-7; 2018.
• [70] Zhihua G, Xiao S, Bo J, Dongyang H, Haoren D, Shunhao W, John M. Pfotenhauer. Experimental study on a hydrogen closed loop pulsating heat pipe with different adiabatic lengths. Heat Transfer Engineering, 2018; 40(3-4):205-214.
• [71] Shung-Wen K, Yao-Chun W, Ying-Chang L, Hsin-Min L. Visualization and thermal resistance measurements for a magnetic nanofluid pulsating heat pipe. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2017; 126: 1044–1050.
• [72] Saiyan S, Xiaoyu C, Hua H, Jianhua W, Zhihua L. A study of the heat transfer performance of a pulsating heat pipe with ethanol-based mixtures. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2016; 102: 1219–1227.
• [73] Shekhar K, Manoj R, Dankal K, Deepu K, Raghavjee T. Experimental Analysis of Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe By Using Different Working fluids. International Journal of Research; 7(6): 84-91.
• [74] Lutfor MR, Sumaiya N, Rasel S, Fariha M, Mohammad A. Effect of fin and insert on the performance characteristics of close loop pulsating heat pipe (CLPHP). In: 6th BSME International Conference on Thermal Engineering, pp. 129-136, 2015.
• [75] Qingping W, Rongji X, Ruixiang W , Yanzhong L. Effect of C60 nanofluid on the thermal performance of a flat-plate pulsating heat pipe. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2016; 100: 892–898.
• [76] Pramod P, Ashish M. Effect of pure and binary fluids on closed loop pulsating heat pipe thermal performance. In: Chemical, Civil and Mechanical Engineering Tracks of 3rd Nirma University International Conference, pp. 624–629, 2013.
• [77] Maziar M , Mehdi T, Mohammad HS , Mohammad BS , Hossein A, Siamak KH. Ferrofluidic open loop pulsating heat pipes: efficient candidates for thermal management of electronics. Experimental Heat Transfer: A Journal of Thermal Energy Generation, Transport, Storage, and Conversion, 2014; 27: 296–312.
• [78] Karthikeyan VK, Ramachandran K, Pillai BC, Brusly SA. Effect of nanofluids on thermal performance of closed loop pulsating heat pipe. Experimental. Thermal and Fluid Science, 2014; 54: 171–178.
• [79] Meibo X, Jianlin Y, Ruixiang W. Performance of a vertical closed pulsating heat pipe with hydroxylated MWNTs nanofluid. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2017; 112: 81–88.
• [80] Mohammad AN, Roghayeh G, Mohammad HA, Gholamreza H, Mohammad BS. Experimental investigation of graphene oxide nanofluid on heat transfer enhancement of pulsating heat pipe. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2018; 91: 90–94.
• [81] Pradeep GV, Narasimha KR. Thermal performance of a vertical closed loop pulsating heat pipe and analysis using dimensionless numbers. Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences, 2017; 11(4): 3240-3255.
• [82] Yue Z, Xiaoyu C, Hua H, Shende S. The study on the difference of the start-up and heat-transfer performance of the pulsating heat pipe with water-acetone mixtures. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2014; 77: 834–842.
• [83] Mangini D, Mameli M, Fioriti D, Filippeschi S, Araneo L, Marengo M. Hybrid Pulsating Heat Pipe for space applications with non-uniform heating patterns: Ground and microgravity experiments. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2017; 126: 1029–1043.
• [84] Mauro M., Marco M. and Sameer K. Local heat transfer measurement and thermo-fluid characterization of a pulsating heat pipe. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2014; 75: 140-152.
• [85] Hu X, Qu W. Experimental and theoretical research on a ammonia pulsating heat pipe: new full visualization of flow pattern and operating mechanism study. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2017; 106: 149–166.
• [86] Harshal G, Vinayak M, Bade M, Mehta HB. Experimental investigations on pulsating heat pipe. In: The 7th International Conference on Applied Energy – ICAE 2015, Energy Procedia, pp. 3186–3191; 2015.
• [87] Jianhong L, Fumin S, Dengying L. Experimental study on enhanced heat transfer characteristis of synergistic coupling between the pulsating heat pipes. In: International Conference on Future Energy, Environment and Materials, pp.1510-1516; 2012.
• [88] Harshal G, Vinayak M, Bade M, Mehta HB. Experimental investigations on pulsating heat pipe. The 7th International Conference on Applied Energy – ICAE 2015, pp. 3186–3191; 2015.
• [89] Ayel V, Araneo L, Scalambra A, Mameli M, Romestant C, Piteau A, Marengo M, Filippeschi S, Bertin Y. Experimental study of a closed loop flat plate pulsating heat pipe under a varying gravity force. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2015; 96 : 23-34.
• [90] Ali A, Mohammad HS. Experimental investigation of nanofluid stability on thermal performance and flow regimes in pulsating heat pipe. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2018; 135(3):1835-1847.
• [91] Manoj K, Ravi K, Arup KD, Prasanta D. Effect of surface tension of the working fluid on the performance of a closed loop pulsating heat pipe. In: 23rd National Heat and Mass Transfer Conference and 1st International ISHMT-ASTFE Heat and Mass Transfer Conference, Thiruvananthapuram, India, pp.1-8; 2015.
• [92] Wang XH, Zheng HC, Si MQ, Han XH, Chen GM. Experimental investigation of the influence of surfactant on the heat transfer performance of pulsating heat pipe. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2015; 83: 586–590.
• [93] Mohammad AN, Roghayeh G, Mohammad BS, Mohammad HA. Experimental investigation of triton x-100 solution on pulsating heat pipe thermal Performance. Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, 2018; 32(3):806-812.
• [94] Durga B, Hongna Z, Weihua C, Fengchen L. An experimental investigation of thermal performance of pulsating heat pipe with alcohols and surfactant solutions. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2018; 117 :1032–1040.
• [95] Zirong L, Shuangfeng W, Jiepeng H, Yanxin H, Jinjian C, Winston Z, Eton L. Heat transfer characteristics and led heat sink application of aluminium plate oscillating heat pipes. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2011; 31(14-15): 2221-2229.
• [96] Jian Q, Hui-Ying W, Qian W. Experimental investigation of silicon based micro-pulsating heat pipe for cooling electronics. Nanoscale and Microscale Thermophysical Engineering, 2012; 16(1): 37-49.
• [97] Chao D, Li J, Qianyi L. Investigation on thermal design of a rack with the pulsating heat pipe for cooling CPUs. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2017; 110: 390-398.
• [98] Daniel JK, Omar S, Justin G, Georgios M. Thermal performance of a pcb embedded pulsating heat pipe for power electronics applications. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2015; 98:798-809.
• [99] Qin S, Jian Q, Jianping Y, Qian W. Operational characteristics of an MEMS-based micro oscillating heat pipe. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2017; 124: 1269–1278.
• [100] Qin S, Jian Q, Jianping Y, Hai W. Start-up characteristics of MEMS-based micro oscillating heat pipe with and without bubble nucleation. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2018; 122: 515–528.
• [101] Mike RW, Derek WH, Steven CL. Thermal performance characterization of ted-enhanced thermal straps and thermal links with oscillating heat pipes. In: 48th International Conference on Environmental Systems, Albuquerque, New Mexico, pp.1-10; 2018.
• [102] Natnume K, Minto T, Yanagi N, Tamura H. Development of a flat plate cryogenic pulsating heat pipe for improving HTS magnet cooling. Physics Procedia, 2013; 45: 233 – 236.
• [103] Luis DF, Franklin M, John P. Helium based pulsating heat pipe for superconducting magnets. In: Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, pp.28-35; 2014.
• [104] Luis DF, Franklin M, John P. Design and Operation of a Cryogenic Nitrogen Pulsating Heat Pipe. In: Materials Science and Engineering, pp. 1-9; 2015.
• [105] Xiao S, John P, Bo J, Luis DF, Dongyang H, Zhihua G. Investigation on the temperature dependence of filling ratio in cryogenic pulsating heat pipes. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2018; 126: 237–244.
• [106] Kim-Bao N, Seok-Hun Y, Jae Hyuk C. Effect of working-fluid filling ratio and cooling-water flow rate on the performance of solar collector with closed-loop oscillating heat pipe. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 2012; 26(1): 251-258.
• [107] Jong SK, Soo JH, Sang L. and Bang HJ. The study of evacuated solar collector using pulsating heat pipe. Frontiers in Heat Pipes (FHP), 2012; 3: 1-5.
• [108] Arab M, Soltanieb M and Shafii MB. Experimental investigation of extra-long pulsating heat pipe application in solar water heaters. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2012; 42 : 6–15.
• [109] Sharif Abad HK, Ghiasi M, Mamouri SJ and Shafii MB. A novel integrated solar desalination system with a pulsating heat pipe. Desalination, 2013; 3: 206–210.
• [110] Yuechao D, Yaohua Z, Wei W, Zhenhua Q, Lincheng W, Dan Y. Experimental investigation of performance for the novel flat plate solar collector with micro-channel heat pipe array (MHPA-FPC). Applied Thermal Engineering, 2013; 54 (2): 440-449.
• [111] RongJi X, Xiao HZ, Rui XW, ShuHui X, Hua SW. Experimental investigation of a solar collector integrated with a pulsating heat pipe and a compound parabolic concentrator. Energy Conversion and Management, 2017; 148: 68–77.
• [112] Mameli M, Araneo L, Filippeschi S, Marelli L, Testa R, Marengo M. Thermal response of a closed loop pulsating heat pipe under a varying gravity force. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2014; 80: 11-22.
• [113] Creatini F, Guidi GM, Belfi F, Cicero G, Fioriti D, Prizio DD, Piacquadio S, Becatti G, Orlandini G, A Frigerio, S Fontanesi, P Nannipieri, M Rognini, N Morganti, Filippeschi S, Marco PD, Fanucci L, Baronti F, Mameli M, Manzoni M, Marengo M. Pulsating heat pipe only for space (phos): results of the Rexus 18 sounding rocket campaign. In: 33rd UIT (Italian Union of Thermo-fluid-dynamics) Heat Transfer Conference, pp.1-11; 2015.
• [114] Khodami R, Nejad AA, Khabbaz MRA. Experimental investigation of energy and exergy efficiency of a pulsating heat pipe for chimney heat recovery. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments; 2016: 11–17.
• [115] Adi W, Nandy P, Fadli B. Thermal Performance of Oscillating Heat Pipe with Ethanol/Methanol for Heat Recovery Application Design. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, 2017; 7(4): 1268-1274.
• [116] Mahajana G, Thompson SM, Cho H. Energy and cost savings potential of oscillating heat pipes for waste heat recovery ventilation. Energy Reports, 2017; 3: 46–53.
• [117] Burban G, Ayel V, Alexandre A, Lagonotte P, Bertin Y, Romestant C. Experimental investigation of a pulsating heat pipe for hybrid vehicle applications. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2013; 50(1): 94-103.
• [118] Zhonghao R, Yutao H, Xinjian L. Experimental study of an OHP-cooled thermal management system for electric vehicle power battery. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2014; 57: 20–26.
• [119] Qingchao W, Zhonghao R, Yutao H, Shuangfeng W. Thermal performance of phase change material/oscillating heat pipe-based battery thermal management system. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2016; 102: 9-16.