4E (ENERGY, EXERGY, ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL) ANALYSIS OF THE NOVEL DESIGN OF WET COOLING TOWER

Year 2020, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 253 - 267, 01.04.2020

Dileep Kumar Tayaba Zehra Awais Junejo Sajid Ali Bhanbhro Muhammad Basit

https://doi.org/10.18186/thermal.710981

Cited By: 3

Abstract

This study aims to calculate the performance of the novel design of wet cooling tower (NDWCT) using first law (energy) and second law (exergy) of thermodynamics. Moreover, it determines the economic feasibility (cost savings and payback period) and sustainability of the NDWCT using the life-cycle cost (LCC) and environmental assessment method. An appropriate mathematical model is developed and simulated in Engineering Equation Solver to calculate water savings, performance and payback period of additional investment. The simulation results have a good agreement with the experimental outcomes (error 2.6%). Simulation results revealed that the NDWCT consumes 34.48% less water than the conventional wet cooling tower (WCT). The installation of heat exchanger improves the performance of WCT by 6% because the consumption of water to air ratio increases. Moreover, the exergy destruction in the NDWCT is 1.23 MW lower than the conventional WCT. Additionally, the heat exchanger costs k$30.7 to save an annual fuel cost of k$72 which could be recovered within a payback period of 0.37 years. Lastly, the environmental assessment proves that the NDWCT relinquishes the particulate matter emission by 0.042 g/s.

Keywords

Water Consumption, The Novel Design of Wet Cooling Tower, Energy and Exergy Analysis, Life Cycle Cost Analysis

References

• [1] Kumar D, Memon RA, Memon AG. Energy Analysis of Selected Air Distribution System of Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning System: A Case Study of a Pharmaceutical Company Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology. 2017;36(3):745-56. https://doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.1703.29
• [2] Leo Samuel DG, Shiva Nagendra SM, Maiya MP. An analysis of operating parameters in the cooling tower-based thermally activated building system. Indoor and Built Environment. 2017;27(9):1175-86. https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326X17704276
• [3] Rahġm MA, Erbaġ O, Taner T, Köse R, Topal H. Energy recovery from waste heat of a steam boiler by a sysytem of organic rankine cycle: A case of textile factory. ULIBTK’15 20 Ulusal Isı Bilimi ve Tekniği Kongresi 02-5 Eylül; BALIKESİR2015.
• [4] Angeline AA, Jayakumar J, Asirvatham LG, Marshal JJ, Wongwises S. Power generation enhancement with hybrid thermoelectric generator using biomass waste heat energy. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science. 2017;85:1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2017.02.015
• [5] Angeline AA, Jayakumar J, Asirvatham LG. Performance analysis of (Bi2Te3-PbTe) hybrid thermoelectric generator. International Journal of Power Electronics and Drives Systems. 2017;8(2).
• [6] Angeline AA, Jayakumar J, Asirvatham LG, Wongwises S. Power generation from combusted “syngas” using hybrid thermoelectric generator and forecasting the performance with ann technique. Journal of Thermal Engineering. 2018;4(4):2149-68. https://doi.org/10.18186/journal-of-thermal-engineering.433806
• [7] Angeline AA, Jayakumar J. Analysis of (Bi2Te3-PbTe) hybrid thermoelectric generator for effective power generation. 2nd International Conference on Innovations in Information, Embedded and Communication Systems; Karpagam College of Engineering, Coimbatore, India: IEEE; 2015. p. 1-6.
• [8] Chow J, Kopp RJ, Portney PR. Energy resources and global development. Science. 2003;302(5650): 1528-31. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1091939
• [9] Rajper MA, Memon AG, Harijan K. Energy and Exergy Analysis of 210 MW Jamshoro Thermal Power Plant. Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology. 2016;35(2):265-74. https://doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.1602.12
• [10] Kumar D, Memon RA, Memon AG, Tunio IA, Junejo A. Impact of Auxiliary Equipments’ Consumption on Electricity Generation Cost in Selected Power Plants of Pakistan. Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology,. 2017;36(2):419-36. https://doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.1702.20
• [11] Taghian Dehaghani S, Ahmadikia H. Retrofit of a wet cooling tower in order to reduce water and fan power consumption using a wet/dry approach. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2017;125:1002-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.07.069
• [12] Kashani MMH, Dobrego KV. Heat and mass transfer in natural draft cooling towers. Journal of Engineering Physics and Thermophysics. 2013;86(5):1072-82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10891-013-0930-z
• [13] Kaiser AS, Lucas M, Viedma A, Zamora B. Numerical model of evaporative cooling processes in a new type of cooling tower. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. 2005;48(5):986-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2004.09.047
• [14] Lemouari M, Boumaza M, Mujtaba IM. Thermal performances investigation of a wet cooling tower. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2007;27(5):902-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2006.08.014
• [15] Khan J-U-R, Qureshi BA, Zubair SM. A comprehensive design and performance evaluation study of counter flow wet cooling towers. International Journal of Refrigeration. 2004;27(8):914-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2004.04.012
• [16] Jiang J-J, Liu X-H, Jiang Y. Experimental and numerical analysis of a cross-flow closed wet cooling tower. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2013;61(2):678-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2013.08.043
• [17] Stabat P, Marchio D. Simplified model for indirect-contact evaporative cooling-tower behaviour. Applied Energy. 2004;78(4):433-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2003.09.004
• [18] Jović M. Improving the energy efficiency of a 110 MW thermal power plant by low-cost modification of the cooling system. 2018; 29(2):pp. 245-59. https://doi.org/10.1177/0958305X17747428
• [19] Saravanan M, Saravanan R, Renganarayanan S. Energy and exergy analysis of counter flow wet cooling towers. Thermal Science. 2008;12(2):69-78. https://doi.org/10.2298/TSCI0802069S
• [20] Hui SCM, Wong H. Exergy analysis of cooling towers for optimization of HVAC systems. Hunan-Hong Kong Joint Symposium; Changsha, Hunan, China2011. p. 1-10.
• [21] Khalifa AH. Thermal and Exergy Analysis of Counter Flow Induced Draught Cooling Tower. International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology. 2015;2868.
• [22] Mahdi Q, Jaffal H. Energy and Exergy Analysis on Modified Closed Wet Cooling Tower in Iraq. Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal. 2016;12:45-59.
• [23] Bozorgan N. Exergy Analysis of Counter Flow Wet Cooling Tower in Khuzestan Steel Co. Journal of Mechanical Research and Application. 2020;2(1):31-7.
• [24] Qasim SM, Hayder MJ. Investigation of the effect of packing location on performance of closed wet cooling tower based on exergy analysis. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2016;145. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/145/3/032009
• [25] Topal H, Taner T, Naqvi SAH, Altınsoy Y, Amirabedin E, Ozkaymak M. Exergy analysis of a circulating fluidized bed power plant co-firing with olive pits: A case study of power plant in Turkey. Energy. 2017;140:40-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.08.042
• [26] Taner T, Sivrioglu M. Energy–exergy analysis and optimisation of a model sugar factory in Turkey. Energy. 2015;93:641-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2015.09.007
• [27] Taner T, Sivrioglu M. A techno-economic & cost analysis of a turbine power plant: A case study for sugar plant. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2017;78:722-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.04.104
• [28] Taner T, Sivrioğlu M, Topal H, Dalkılıç AS, Wongwises S. A model of energy management analysis, case study of a sugar factory in Turkey. Sādhanā. 2018;43(3). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12046-018-0793-2
• [29] Taner T. Optimisation processes of energy efficiency for a drying plant: A case of study for Turkey. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2015;80:247-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.01.076
• [30] Taner T. Energy and exergy analyze of PEM fuel cell: A case study of modeling and simulations. Energy. 2018;143:284-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.10.102
• [31] Deziani M, Rahmani K, Mirrezaei Roudaki SJ, Kordloo M. Feasibility study for reduce water evaporative loss in a power plant cooling tower by using air to Air heat exchanger with auxiliary Fan. Desalination. 2017;406:119-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2015.12.007
• [32] Papaefthimiou VD, Zannis TC, Rogdakis ED. Thermodynamic study of wet cooling tower performance. International Journal of Energy Research. 2006;30(6):411-26. https://doi.org/10.1002/er.1158
• [33] Panjeshahi MH, Ataei A, Gharaie M, Parand R. Optimum design of cooling water systems for energy and water conservation. Chemical Engineering Research and Design. 2009;87(2):200-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2008.08.004
• [34] Darici S, Canli E, Dogan S, Ozgoren M. Determination of heat transfer rate and pressure drop performance of an intercooler for heavy duty engines International Journal of Arts & Sciences. 2012;5:43-57.
• [35] Viljoen D. Evaluation and performance prediction of cooling tower spray zones. Master of Science, University of Stellenbosch; Stellenbosch, South Africa: 2006.
• [36] Guo P, Ciepliski DL, Besant RW. A Testing and HVAC Design Methodology for Air-to-Air Heat Pipe Heat Exchangers. HVAC&R Research. 1998;4(1):3-26. https://doi.org/10.1080/10789669.1998.10391388
• [37] Xia ZZ, Chen CJ, Wang RZ. Numerical simulation of a closed wet cooling tower with novel design. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. 2011;54(11):2367-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2011.02.025
• [38] Kumar S, Kumar D, Memon RA, Wasan MA, Ali MS. Energy and Exergy Analysis of a Coal Fired Power Plant. Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology. 2018; 37 (4):611-24. https://doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.1804.13
• [39] Topal H, Taner T, Altıncı Y, Amirabedin E. Application of trigeneration with direct co-combustion of poultry waste and coal: A case study in the poultry industry from Turkey. Thermal Science. 2017;22(6):3073 – 3082. https://doi.org/10.2298/TSCI170210137T
• [40] Kumar D, Memon RA, Memon AG, Ali I, Junejo A. Critical analysis of the condensation of water vapor at external surface of the duct. Heat and Mass Transfer. 2018;54:1937–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-017-2256-4
• [41] Rao RV, Patel VK. Optimization of mechanical draft counter flow wet-cooling tower using artificial bee colony algorithm. Energy Conversion and Management. 2011;52(7):2611-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2011.02.010
• [42] Memon AG, Memon RA. Parametric based economic analysis of a trigeneration system proposed for residential buildings. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2017;34:144-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2017.06.017
• [43] Hewitt GF, Pugh SJ. Approximate Design and Costing Methods for Heat Exchangers. Heat Transfer Engineering. 2007;28(2):76-86. https://doi.org/10.1080/01457630601023229
• [44] Liang C, Tong X, Lei T, Li Z, Wu G. Optimal Design of an Air-to-Air Heat Exchanger with Cross-Corrugated Triangular Ducts by Using a Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm. Applied Sciences. 2017;7(6):554-74. https://doi.org/10.3390/app7060554
• [45] Reisman J, Frisbie G. Calculating realistic PM10 emissions from cooling towers. Environmental Progress. 2002;21:127-130. https://doi.org/10.1002/ep.670210216
• [46] Ruiz J, Kaiser AS, Ballesta M, Gil A, Lucas M. Experimental measurement of cooling tower emissions using image processing of sensitive papers. Atmospheric Environment. 2013;69:170-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.12.014