<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article  article-type="research-article"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>ti̇hek akademik dergisi</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Türkiye İnsan Hakları ve Eşitlik Kurumu Akademik Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">2667-4599</issn>
                                                                                                        <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Türkiye İnsan Hakları ve Eşitlik Kurumu</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.59162/tihek.1671460</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Public Law (Other)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Kamu Hukuku (Diğer)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <trans-title-group xml:lang="tr">
                                    <trans-title>Gazze İşgali Gölgesinde İsrail Üzerine Bir Politik İktisat Denemesi</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>A POLITICAL ECONOMY ESSAY ON ISRAEL IN THE SHADOW  OF THE GAZA OCCUPATION</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9323-8944</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Kalaycı</surname>
                                    <given-names>İrfan</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>İnönü Ünüversitesi</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20251230">
                    <day>12</day>
                    <month>30</month>
                    <year>2025</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>8</volume>
                                        <issue>14-15</issue>
                                        <fpage>47</fpage>
                                        <lpage>70</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20250407">
                        <day>04</day>
                        <month>07</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20250714">
                        <day>07</day>
                        <month>14</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2018, Türkiye İnsan Hakları ve Eşitlik Kurumu Akademik Dergisi</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2018</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Türkiye İnsan Hakları ve Eşitlik Kurumu Akademik Dergisi</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <trans-abstract xml:lang="tr">
                            <p>Fİsrail, Covid-19 salgınının ardından Ekim 2023&#039;ten itibaren Gazze’yi uzun süreli işgal ederek savaş ekonomisini başlattı. Şimdi Filistin ve garantör devletlerle kırılgan bir ateşkes konjonktürünün yönetişimi içindedir.  İsrail’in etkili ve sürdürülebilir savaş ekonomisinin kaynakları yüksek ekonomik zenginliği ve askeri gücüdür. İsrail için genellikle Orta Doğu bölgesinin ayrık otu metaforu kullanılır. Bu metaforu, ABD yapımı Büyük Orta Doğu Projesi ile İsrail’e verilen emperyalist rol pekiştirmiştir. İsrail’in Siyonizm hedefi ile kendi topraklarında adeta mülteci muamelesi gören Filistin’in sürdürülebilir intifadası sürekli çatışma halindedir ve bu durum Orta Doğu’yu bahtsız ve kalkınma özürlüsü bir coğrafya haline getirmiştir. Politik İktisat açısından İsrail’in bir tarafı Batılı normlarda sanayileşmiş, diğer tarafı ise üçüncü Dünyalıdır. Bu çelişki, İsrail’in güvenlikleştirdiği Filistin sorunu ve Gazze işgali ile bir kez daha netleşmiştir. Orta Doğu’da huzur ve istikrarın anahtarı Gazze işgalinin ve Filistin sorunun bitmesi olup bunun için de barış ekonomisinin kurulmasıdır. Barış ekonomisi, bir tarafı reel-politik, diğer tarafı politik iktisat olan bir sarkacın içinde sallantıdadır.  Bu çalışmanın konusu ve amacı, Gazze’yi işgal eden İsrail’in Filistin’le barış hedefi için GZFT tekniğine göre güçlü (G), zayıf (Z), fırsatçı (F) ve tehdit (T) özelliklerini ortaya koyup bir politik iktisat tartışmasını açmaktır.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <abstract><p>Following the Covid-19 pandemic, Israel launched its war economy by occupying Gaza for a long time starting in October 2023. It is now in the governance of a fragile ceasefire conjuncture with Palestine and the guarantor states. The sources of Israel&#039;s effective and sustainable war economy are its high economic wealth and military power. Israel is often referred to as the couch grass of the Middle East region. This metaphor has been reinforced by the imperialist role given to Israel with the US-made Greater Middle East Project. Israel&#039;s Zionist goal and the sustainable intifada of Palestine, which is treated as a refugee in its own land, are in constant conflict, and this has turned the Middle East into an unfortunate and development-impaired geography. In terms of political economy, one side of Israel is industrialized according to Western norms, while the other side is Third World. This contradiction has become clear once again with the Palestinian issue and the occupation of Gaza, which Israel has securitized. The key to peace and stability in the Middle East is to end the occupation of Gaza and the Palestinian issue, and to establish a peace economy for this purpose. The peace economy swings in a pendulum with one side being realpolitik and the other side being political economy. The subject and purpose of this study is to reveal the strong (W), weak (Z), opportunistic (F) and threat (T) characteristics of Israel, which occupies Gaza, for its goal of peace with Palestine according to the SWOT technique and to open a political economy discussion.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Gaza occupation</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Israel</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  War-Peace economy</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Political economy</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Swot technique</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                <kwd-group xml:lang="tr">
                                                    <kwd>Gazze İşgali</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  İsrail</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Savaş-Barış ekonomisi</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Politik iktisat</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                                        </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Anderton, C. H. and Carter, J. R. (2007). Chapter 35 A Survey of Peace Economics.Handbook of Defense Economics, Elsevier, Vol.2, 1211-1258, On February 10th, 2025 accessed at:
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1574-0013(06) 02035-7</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ateş, D. (2009). Gazze Trajedisi: Sorumluluk ve Kavramların Haklılaştırma İşlevi. Çağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 6(1), 61-83.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bauer, Y. (2009). On the Holocaust and Its Implications, The Holocaust and the United Nations Outreach Programme. Discussion Papers Journal, NY, 1-9.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Burstein, D. (1971). Zionism and Israel’s Rulers in tehe Service of Imperialism. World Marxist Review, May, 120-128.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Büyükakıncı, E. (2021). Yeni Savaşlardan Savaşın Dönüşümüne: Uluslararası Sistem ve Aktörlerde Değişimin Sürekliliği. E. Büyükakıncı (Editör), Savaşın Dönüşümü Yeni Dinamikler, Aktörler ve Araçlar içinde (pp. 25-75), Ankara: Liberte (Adres) Yayınları.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Chang,J. (2023). Israel: How Does the Economic Miracle Able to Happen?. Advances
in Economics, Management and Political Sciences,33: 85-93, On February 11th, 2025 accessed
at:https://doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/33/20231641</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">CIA-Central Intelligence Agency (25 March 2015). The World Factbook: “İsrael.” Washington, On February 12th, 2025 accessed at: https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/
countries/israel/#economy
Credit Suisse Research Institute, 2022). Global Wealth Databook 2022: Leading Perspectives to Navigate the Futıure. Zurich.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Çağlayan, S. (2004). İsrail Sözlüğü. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">IEP- Institute for Economics &amp; Peace (2024). Global Peace Index 2024: Measuring Peace
in a Complex World. Sydney, June, On February 18th, 2025 accessed at:https://www.economicsandpeace.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/ GPI-2024-web.pdf</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">El-Messiri, A. W. (2024). Israel: Base of western imperialism. Liberation School. On
April 7th, 2025 accessed at: https://www.liberationschool.org/israel-base-of-western-imperialism/</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Global Firepower (2025). 2025 Israel Military Strength, On April 8th, 2025 accessed
at: https://www.globalfirepower.com/country-military-strength detail.php?country_id=israel#google_vignette</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Hodgson, M. G. S. (1993). İslam’ın Serüveni: Bir Dünya Medeniyetinde Bilinç ve Tarih, c.3:Ateşli Silah İmparatorlukları ve Modern Zamanlar. (Çev. Çeviri Kurulu), İstanbul: İz Yayıncılık.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">IEP - Institute for Economics &amp; Peace (2025). Measuring the global economic impact of
violence and conflict. On April 7th, 2025 accessed at: https://www.economicsandpeace.org/
research/economics-of-peace/</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Jaber S.S. and Bantekas I.(2023). The Status of Gaza As Occupıed Terrıtory Under
Internatıonal Law. International and Comparative Law Quarterly. 72(4):1069-1088. doi: 10.1017/
S0020589323000349</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Lichtman, R. (2008). Scenes from a Nightmare: The Imperialist Construction of Israel. Capitalism Nature Socialism, 13(3), 125–146, On April 7th, 2025 accessed at: https://doi.
org/10.1080/10455750208565493</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kalaycı, İ. (2008a). Avrupalı Türkiye’nin Seçici Orta Doğu Politikası., iç. 4.Kadir Has
Ödülleri
Kitabı: Türkiye’nin Orta Doğu Politikası: Tarihsel Gelişim Sürecinde Orta Doğu’nun Türkiye
Açısından Ekonomik-Politik Önemi ve Geliştirebileceği Politikalar. S. Aybar (Ed.). İstanbul: Kadir
Has Üniversitesi Yayınları, 307-355.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kalaycı, İ. (2008b). Avrupalı Türkiye Ekseninde Orta Doğu’nun Ekonomi Politiği. Ankara:
Nobel Yayınevi.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Keskin, F. (2003), Siyonizm. iç. Türk Dış Politikası: Kurtuluş Savaşından Bugüne Olgular,
Belgeler, Yorumlar, c.I: 1919-1980. B. Oran (ed.), 8.b., İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref19">
                        <label>19</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Klein, M. W. (2005). Studying Texts: A Gemara of the Israeli Economy. Israel Economic Review 3(1), 121-47.
Kramer, M. (2017). The Forgotten Truth about the Balfour Declaration. Mosaıc, On
June 6th, 2025 accessed at: https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/martinkramer/files/forgotten_truth_balfour_declaration.pdf</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref20">
                        <label>20</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Manan, M. (2014). The Democratic Peace Theory and Its Problems. Jurnal Ilmiah Hubungan Internasional, 10(2): 179-194, On April 13th, 2025 accessed at: https://doi.
org/10.26593/jihi.v10i2.1315.%25p</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref21">
                        <label>21</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Maggor, E. (2021). The Politics of Innovation Policy: Building Israel’s “Neo-developmental” State. Politics &amp; Society, 49(4), 451-487.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref22">
                        <label>22</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Nitzan, J., &amp; Bichler, S. (1996). From War Profits to Peace Dividends: The New Political Economy of Israel. Capital &amp; Class, 20(3), 61-94, On April 7th, 2025 accessed at: https://
doi.org/10.1177/03098168960 6000104</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref23">
                        <label>23</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Nitzan, J. and Bichler, S. (2002). The Global Political Economy of Israel. London: Pluto
Press, On April 9th, 2025 accessed at: http://bnarchives.yorku.ca/8/</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref24">
                        <label>24</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ozili, Peterson K (2025 ). Impact of the Israel-Hamas War on the global economy.Munich Personal RePEc Archive (MPRA Paper No. 123297), On April 7th, 2025 accessed at:
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/123297/1/ MPRA_ paper_123297.pdf</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref25">
                        <label>25</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Page, R. (2016). Balfour Declaration. House of Commons Library Briefing Paper, No CBP
7766, Nov. 14, On April 7th, 2025 accessed at: https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/
documents/CBP-7766/CBP-7766.pdf</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref26">
                        <label>26</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Pathak, A. and Baibourtian, A. (2024). The Economics of Peace: Exploring the Interplay between Economic Stability, Conflict Resolution and Global Prosperity. T
he UN
Chronicle, On June 24th, 2025 accessed at: https://www.un.org/en/un-chronicle/economics-of-peace-interplay-between-stability-conflict-resolution-global-prosperity</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref27">
                        <label>27</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Rougier, B. (2005). The Greater Middle East Project: A Short Moment of International Utopia? Critique internationale, 26(1): 79-94. https://shs.cairn.info/journal-critique-internationale-2005-1-page - 79?lang=en.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref28">
                        <label>28</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Russett, B., Layne, C., Spiro, D. E., &amp; Doyle, M. W. (1995). The Democratic Peace. International Security, 19(4), 164–184, On April 8th, 2025 accessed at: https://doi.
org/10.2307/2539124</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref29">
                        <label>29</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Sharaby, L. (2002). Israel’s Economic Growth: Success Without Security. Middle East
Review of Int’ Affairs (MERIA), 6(3), Sept., 25-41, On April 5th, 2025 accessed at:https://ciaotest.cc.columbia.edu/olj/meria/shl02_01.pdf</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref30">
                        <label>30</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Shehadeh, R. (2006). The Gaza Occupatıon: Begınnıngs And Endıngs. The Palestine
Yearbook
of International Law Online, 14(1), 13-26, On April 6th, 2025 accessed at: https://doi.
org/10.1163/22116141-90000003The Economist (2007). Israel and the Palestinians: Israel’s wasted victory. On May 24th,
2025 accessed at: http://www.economist.com/opinion/displaystory.cfm?story_id=9225670</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref31">
                        <label>31</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Trabulsi, F. (1969). The Palestine Problem: Zionism and Imperialism in the Middle
East. New Left Review 1(57).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref32">
                        <label>32</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">UBS (2024). Global Wealth Report 2024: Crafted wealth intelligence. Zurich, On May
24th, 2025 accessed at: https://mediahandler.broadridgeadvisor.com/media/653843/GW_
Report-Digital_09072024v2_Final_SSK_optimized.pdf</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref33">
                        <label>33</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">WB-EU-UN (World Bank Group – European Union – United Nations) (February
2025). Gaza And West Bank Interım Rapıd Damage And Needs Assessment, On May 14th, 2025
accessed at: https://www.eeas.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/2025/Gaza%20
RDNA_0.pdf</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref34">
                        <label>34</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">World Atlas (2025), On May 24th, 2025 accessed at: https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-are-semi-periphery.html</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref35">
                        <label>35</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">WPR-World Population Review (2025). Semi-Periphery Countries 2025, On May
22th, 2025 accessed at: https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/semi-periphery-countries#title</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
