the trout journal of atatürk university The Trout Journal of Atatürk University 2980-2539 Atatürk Üniversitesi 10.62425/tjau.1553128 Pisciculture Balık Yetiştiriciliği Alabalıklarda (Onchorynchus mykiss) Sperm ve Yumurta Kalitesini Etkileyen Faktörler Factors Affecting Sperm and Egg Quality in Trout (Onchorynchus mykiss) Culture https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1882-6930 Doğan Mustafa 12 31 2024 2 1-2 10 15 09 19 2024 11 20 2024 Copyright © 2020, The Trout Journal of Atatürk University 2020 The Trout Journal of Atatürk University

Bu derlemede, alabalıklarda ( Onchorynchus mykiss) sperm ve yumurta kalitesini etkileyen faktörleri incelemeyi ve bu faktörlerin üreme başarısına olan etkilerini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Özellikle genetik, beslenme, çevresel koşullar, stres ve yaş gibi etkenlerin sperm ve yumurta kalitesine olan etkileri araştırılmıştır. Alabalıklarda sperm ve yumurta kalitesini etkileyen çeşitli faktörler belirli bir düzen içinde derlenmiştir. Genetik faktörler, beslenme, çevresel koşullar, stres ve yaş gibi parametrelerin sperm ve yumurta kalitesi üzerindeki etkileri, iyileştirilmesine yönelik stratejiler ve yöntemler değerlendirilmiştir. Sperm ve yumurta kalitesinin asıl belirleyicisi genetik faktörülerdir. Bu nedenle genetik iyileştirme programları, sperm ve yumurta kalitesini artırabilir. Bunun yanında beslenme ve diyet, sperm motilitesi ve yumurta sağlığı üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahiptir; omega-3 yağ asitleri ve vitaminler gibi besin maddeleri kaliteyi iyileştirebilir. Çevresel koşullar, su sıcaklığı ve pH gibi faktörler, sperm ve yumurta kalitesini etkiler. Stres faktörleri ve yaş, sperm ve yumurta kalitesini olumsuz yönde etkileyebilir. Alabalıklarda sperm ve yumurta kalitesini artırmak için genetik seleksiyon, uygun beslenme, çevresel optimizasyon ve hormonal düzenlemeler gibi stratejiler önerilmektedir. Sonraki yapılacak araştırmalarda, sperm ve yumurta kalitesini etkileyen daha fazla faktörün incelenmesi ve iyileştirme yöntemlerinin test edilmesi gerekmektedir.

This review aims to examine the factors affecting sperm and egg quality in trout (Onchorynchus mykiss) and to evaluate the effects of these factors on reproductive success. In particular, the effects of factors such as genetics, nutrition, environmental conditions, stress and age on sperm and egg quality have been investigated. Various factors affecting sperm and egg quality in trout have been compiled in a certain order. The effects of parameters such as genetic factors, nutrition, environmental conditions, stress and age on sperm and egg quality, and strategies and methods for improving them were evaluated. The main determinant of sperm and egg quality are genetic factors. Therefore, genetic improvement programs can improve sperm and egg quality. In addition, nutrition and diet have a significant impact on sperm motility and egg health; Nutrients such as omega-3 fatty acids and vitamins can improve quality. Factors such as environmental conditions, water temperature and pH affect sperm and egg quality. Stress factors and age can negatively affect sperm and egg quality. Strategies such as genetic selection, appropriate nutrition, environmental optimization and hormonal regulations are recommended to improve sperm and egg quality in trout. In future studies, more factors affecting sperm and egg quality need to be examined and improvement methods need to be tested.

 Alabalık sperm kalitesi yumurta kalitesi genetik faktörler beslenme Trout sperm quality egg quality genetic factors nutrition environmental conditions Anderson, T., & Brown, J. (2020). Genetic Factors in Fish Reproduction. Journal of Aquatic Science, 45(2), 123-136. Adams, R., & Clark, M. (2020). Age and Health Effects on Sperm Quality. Fish Biology Review, 31(4), 298-305. Badiola, M., Mendiola, D., & Bostock, J. (2012). Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS) analysis: Main issues on management and future challenges. Aquacultural Engineering, 51, 26-35. Brett, J. R. (1956). Some principles in the thermal requirements of fishes. The Quarterly Review of Biology, 31(2), 75-87. Brown, P., Smith, J., & Lee, A. (2021). Reproductive Biology of Trout Species. Aquaculture Research, 52(3), 455-467. Cabrita, E., Robles, V., & Herraez, M. P. (2010). Sperm quality assessment. In Methods in Reproductive Aquaculture (pp. 93-146). CRC Press. Clark, K., Roberts, H., & Davis, M. (2019). Environmental Factors Affecting Fish Sperm. Marine Biology Journal, 48(6), 678-691. Christie, M. R., Marine, M. L., French, R. A., & Blouin, M. S. (2012). Genetic adaptation to captivity can occur in a single generation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(1), 238-242. Davis, L., Johnson, S., & White, G. (2022). Genetic Improvement in Aquaculture. Genetics and Fish Breeding, 39(1), 87-99. Doğan, M. (2023). Fonksiyonel erkekleştirilmiş gökkuşağı alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss) spermasının dondurulması, çözdürme sonrası motilite ve DNA hasarının incelenmesi (Doctoral dissertation, Izmir Katip Celebi University (Türkiye)). Evans, B., & Miller, L. (2021). Optimal Environmental Conditions for Sperm Health. Aquatic Environment Studies, 33(2), 212-223. Ficke, A. D., Myrick, C. A., & Hansen, L. J. (2007). Potential impacts of global climate change on freshwater fisheries. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 17(4), 581-613. Green, R., & Taylor, P. (2021). Health and Age-Related Decline in Sperm Quality. Journal of Marine Biology, 47(5), 329-340. Harris, C. (2021). Stress Management in Fish Farming. Aquaculture Management Review, 29(4), 140-152. Johnson, M. (2018). Impact of Age on Fish Reproductive Health. Fisheries Science Journal, 60(2), 145-159. Jones, R., & Lee, M. (2018). Dietary Impacts on Fish Sperm Quality. Nutrition in Aquaculture, 25(3), 210-223. Kaushik, S. J., & Troell, M. (2004). Altering the lipid content in fish feeds–a new approach for optimizing performance and fish quality. Aquaculture Research, 35(1), 1-3. Liu, Y., Zhang, X., & Wang, Q. (2020). Economic Aspects of Trout Farming. International Journal of Aquatic Economics, 54(1), 78-89. Maral Beşlioğlu, M. (2023). Yunus Çiklit (Cyrtocara Moorii Boulenger, 1902) Balıklarını Erkek Bal Arısı Larvası (Apilarnil) ile Beslemenin Yumurta Verimi ve Larval Gelişime Etkisinin Araştırılması (master’s thesis, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü). Miller, J. (2020). Nutrition and Sperm Health in Fish. Fish Nutrition Journal, 32(2), 157-169. Miller, S., & Adams, T. (2019). Environmental Impact of Fish Farming. Environmental Fisheries Review, 27(4), 345-356. Mobley, K. B., Aykanat, T., Czorlich, Y., House, A., Kurko, J., Miettinen, A., ... & Primmer, C. R. (2021). Maturation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar, Salmonidae): a synthesis of ecological, genetic, and molecular processes. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 31(3), 523-571. Nematollahi, A., Decostere, A., Pasmans, F., & Haesebrouck, F. (2003). Flavobacterium psychrophilum infections in salmonid fish. Journal of Fish Diseases, 26(10), 563-574. Roberts, T., Brown, L., & Smith, A. (2020). Effects of Temperature on Sperm Production. Journal of Fish Physiology, 40(6), 789-801. Sirkecioğlu, A. N., Bayır, A., Haliloğlu, H. İ., & Aras, N. M. (2023). Gökkuşağı Alabalığı, Dere Alabalığı ve Kaynak Alabalığı Yumurtalarının Kuluçka Performansı, Yumurta Çapı ve Lipit Miktarı Arasındaki İlişki. Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Sciences, 38(1). Smith, A., & Jones, K. (2018). Economic Importance of Trout Farming. Aquaculture Economics, 45(3), 234-245. Smith, J. (2021). Essential Nutrients for Sperm Health. Journal of Fish Nutrition, 29(4), 310-321. Taylor, C., Brown, S., & Williams, D. (2022). Stress Effects on Fish Reproduction. Marine Stress Studies, 38(1), 123-136. Timmons, M. B., Ebeling, J. M., Wheaton, F. W., Summerfelt, S. T., & Vinci, B. J. (2010). Recirculating aquaculture systems. Ithaca Publishing Company. Wargelius, A., Leininger, S., Skaftnesmo, K. O., Kleppe, L., Andersson, E., Taranger, G. L., & Schulz, R. W. (2016). Dnd knockout ablates germ cells and demonstrates germ cell independent sex differentiation in medaka. Scientific Reports, 6, 1-8. White, L., Johnson, P., & Evans, K. (2019). Genetics and Sperm Quality in Aquaculture. Aquaculture Genetics Journal, 44(3), 290-303. Williams, J., & Brown, K. (2019). Impact of Stress on Sperm Quality. Journal of Aquatic Stress Studies, 36(2), 199-212. Williams, R., Green, A., & Taylor, M. (2023). Factors Influencing Sperm and Egg Quality. Global Fisheries Research, 41(1), 78-91.