<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article  article-type="other"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                    <journal-id></journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Girişimcilik Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">2536-4456</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2717-7416</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.55830/tje.1604721</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Digital Marketing</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Dijital Pazarlama</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <trans-title-group xml:lang="tr">
                                    <trans-title>Metaverse Pazarlama: Tüketici Davranışını ve İlişkili Riskleri Yönlendirme Yeteneğine İlişkin Bir Araştırma</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>Metaverse Marketing: An Investigation into Its Ability to Drive Consumer Behaviour and Associated Risks</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2149-5359</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Yurdabak</surname>
                                    <given-names>Merve Kadriye</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>İSTİNYE ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1748-5476</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Zafar</surname>
                                    <given-names>Sonia</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>İSTANBUL TİCARET ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20250930">
                    <day>09</day>
                    <month>30</month>
                    <year>2025</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>8</volume>
                                        <issue>18</issue>
                                        <fpage>18</fpage>
                                        <lpage>31</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20241220">
                        <day>12</day>
                        <month>20</month>
                        <year>2024</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20250405">
                        <day>04</day>
                        <month>05</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2017, İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Girişimcilik Dergisi</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2017</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Girişimcilik Dergisi</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <trans-abstract xml:lang="tr">
                            <p>İçinde bulunduğumuz çağda, birçok işletme pazarlama amacıyla metaverinin potansiyelini araştırıyor. Ancak tüketici davranışı alanı, tüketici riskleriyle ilgili yüksek endişeler nedeniyle yeterince araştırılmamıştır. Bu nedenle bu çalışma, meta veri pazarlamasında tüketici davranışını etkileyen faktörleri tanımlamak için planlı davranış teorisini (TPB) kullanmaktadır.  Ek olarak, meta veri tabanı pazarlamasının tüketici davranışı üzerindeki etkisi ve tüketicilerin meta veri tabanıyla etkileşime girme riskleri de araştırılmıştır. 2019-24 yılları arasında yayınlanan 23 çalışmanın tematik analizine dayanan bu çalışma, meta veri deposu pazarlamasındaki tüketici davranışının, meta veri deposunun tasarım özelliklerinden, tüketicilerin psikolojik faktörlerinden, algılanan faydalardan ve meta veri deposu ekipmanının fiyatı ve kullanılabilirliğinden etkilenebileceği sonucuna varmıştır. . Ayrıca mevcut literatür aracılığıyla meta veri pazarlamasının tüketici davranışları üzerindeki hem olumlu hem de olumsuz etkileri tespit edilmiştir. Son olarak bu çalışma dört temadaki tüketici risklerine ışık tutuyor: güvenlik ve mahremiyet, etik, fiziksel ve psikolojik ve yasal riskler.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <abstract><p>In the current era, several businesses are exploring the potential of the metaverse for marketing purposes. However, the area of consumer behaviour remains underexplored with high concerns about consumer risks. The present study, therefore, uses the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to identify the factors influencing consumer behaviour in metaverse marketing.  In addition, the impact of metaverse marketing on consumer behaviour and consumer risks of engaging with the metaverse have been explored. Based on the thematic analysis of 23 studies published between 2019-24, this study concludes that consumer behaviour in metaverse marketing can be influenced by the design features of the metaverse, psychological factors of consumers, perceived benefits, and price and availability of the metaverse equipment. In addition, through extant literature, both the positive and negative impacts of metaverse marketing on consumer behaviour have been identified. Finally, this study sheds light on consumer risks across four themes: security and privacy, ethical, physical and psychological, and legal risks.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Metaverse marketing</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Consumer behaviour</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Consumer risks.</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                <kwd-group xml:lang="tr">
                                                    <kwd>Metaverse pazarlama</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Tüketici davranışı</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Tüketici riskleri.</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                                        </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ajzen, I. (1991). The Theory of Planned Behavior. Organizational behavior and human decision processes, 50, 179–211.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ahmed, E. (2022). Consumers want cheaper VR tech before entering the metaverse. E MARKETER. https://www.emarketer.com/content/consumers-want-cheaper-vr-tech-before-entering-metaverse</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Albayati, H., Alistarbadi, N., &amp; Rho, J. J. (2023). Assessing engagement decisions in NFT Metaverse based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Telematics and Informatics Reports, 10, 100045. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.teler.2023.100045</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ali, S. A., &amp; Khan, R. (2023). Metaverse Marketing vs Digital Marketing. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 8(1), 385–388. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7564322</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Armitage, C. J., &amp; Christian, J. (2004). Planned Behavior. Transaction Publishers.
Barrera, G.K., &amp; Shah, D. (2023). Marketing in the metaverse: Conceptual understanding, framework, and research agenda. Journal of Business Research, 155, 113420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.113420</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Brand Vision Insights. (2024). The Metaverse Retail Revolution: Innovations, Experiences, and Future Trends | Brand Vision. Brandvm.com. https://www.brandvm.com/post/the-metaverse-retail-revolution</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Braun, V., &amp; Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Buhalis, D., Leung, D., &amp; Lin, M. (2023). Metaverse as a disruptive technology revolutionising tourism management and marketing. Tourism Management, 97(104724), 104724. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2023.104724</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Busse, V., &amp; Strauss, C. (2023). Metaverse’s Virtual Reality and its impact on the buying behavior – an Empirical Study. 7th International Conference on Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Systems, Kharkiv, Ukraine.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Chakraborty, D., Polisetty, A., &amp; Rana, N. P. (2024). Consumers’ continuance intention towards metaverse-based virtual stores: A multi-study perspective. Technological Forecasting &amp; Social Change/Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 203, 123405–123405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2024.123405</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Chen, Z., Wu, J., Gan, W., &amp; Qi, Z. (2022). Metaverse security and privacy: An overview. In 2022 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data) (pp. 2950-2959). IEEE.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Chhabra, G., &amp; Kaushik, K. (2024). Understanding the Metaverse: Applications, Challenges, and the Future. Springer Nature.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Di Pietro, R., &amp; Cresci, S. (2021). Metaverse: Security and privacy issues. In 2021 third IEEE international conference on trust, privacy and security in intelligent systems and applications (TPS-ISA) (pp. 281-288). IEEE</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Dwivedi, Y. K., Hughes, L., Wang, Y., Alalwan, A. A., Ahn, S. J., Balakrishnan, J., Barta, S., Belk, R., Buhalis, D., Dutot, V., Felix, R., Filieri, R., Flavián, C., Gustafsson, A., Hinsch, C., Hollensen, S., Jain, V., Kim, J., Krishen, A. S.,Wirtz, J. (2022). Metaverse marketing: How the metaverse will shape the future of Consumer Research and Practice. Psychology &amp; Marketing, 40(4), 750–776. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.21767</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Efendioglu, I. H. (2023). Metaverse Concepts and Marketing. In P. Keikhosrokiani (Ed.), Handbook of Research on Consumer Behavioral Analytics in Metaverse and the Adoption of a Virtual World (p. 29). IGI Global.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ghali, Z., Rather, R. A., &amp; Khan, I. (2024). Investigating metaverse marketing-enabled consumers’ social presence, attachment, engagement and (re)visit intentions. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 77, 103671. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2023.103671</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Hadi, R., Melumad, S., &amp; Park, E. S. (2023). The metaverse: A new digital frontier for consumer behavior. Journal of Consumer Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcpy.1356</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Hazan, E., Kelly, G., Khan, H., Spillecke, D., &amp; Yee, L. (2022). Marketing in the metaverse: An opportunity for innovation and experimentation | McKinsey. McKinsey &amp; Company.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref19">
                        <label>19</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/growth-marketing-and-sales/our-insights/marketing-in-the-metaverse-an-opportunity-for-innovation-and-experimentation</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref20">
                        <label>20</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Huang, Y., Li, Y. J., &amp; Cai, Z. (2023). Security and privacy in metaverse: A comprehensive survey. Big Data Mining and Analytics, 6(2), 234–247. https://doi.org/10.26599/bdma.2022.9020047</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref21">
                        <label>21</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Israfilzade, K. (2022). Marketing in the Metaverse: A Sceptical Viewpoint of Opportunities and Future Research Directions. The Eurasia Proceedings of Educational and Social Sciences, 24, 53–60. https://doi.org/10.55549/epess.1179349</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref22">
                        <label>22</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Jafar, R. M. S., Ahmad, W., &amp; Sun, Y. (2023). Unfolding the impacts of metaverse aspects on telepresence, product knowledge, and purchase intentions in the metaverse stores. Technology in Society, 74, 102265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2023.102265</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref23">
                        <label>23</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Jo, H., &amp; Park, D.-H. (2023). Affordance, usefulness, enjoyment, and aesthetics in sustaining virtual reality engagement. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 15097. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-42113-1</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref24">
                        <label>24</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Jeon, J.-E. (2021). The Effects of User Experience-Based Design Innovativeness on User- Metaverse Platform Channel Relationships in South Korea. Journal of Distribution Science, 19(11), 81–90. 
https://doi.org/10.15722/jds.19.11.202111.81</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref25">
                        <label>25</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Jim, J. R., Hosain, Md. T., Mridha, M. F., Kabir, M. M., &amp; Shin, J. (2023). Towards Trustworthy Metaverse: Advancements and Challenges. IEEE Access, 11, 118318–118347. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3326258</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref26">
                        <label>26</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kaur, J., Mogaji, E., Paliwal, M., Jha, S., Agarwal, S., &amp; Mogaji, S. A. (2023). Consumer behavior in the metaverse. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 23(4). https://doi.org/10.1002/cb.2298</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref27">
                        <label>27</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Khatri, M. (2022). Revamping the Marketing World with Metaverse – The Future of Marketing. International Journal of Computer Applications, 184(29), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.5120/ijca2022922361</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref28">
                        <label>28</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Konyalioglu, F. I. (2023). Consumer behavior in the metaverse. Studies in Big Data, 161–175. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-4641-9_11</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref29">
                        <label>29</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Lee, L. C., Zhou, P., Braud, T., &amp; Hui, P. (2022). What is the Metaverse? An Immersive Cyberspace and Open Challenges. ArXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2206.03018</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref30">
                        <label>30</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Lim, W. M., Bansal, S., Nangia, P., &amp; Singh, S. (2024). The bright and dark side of metaverse marketing. Global Business and Organizational Excellence. https://doi.org/10.1002/joe.22271</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref31">
                        <label>31</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Liu, H., &amp; Park, K. (2024). Exploring the impact of metaverse tourism experiences on actual visit intentions: An integrated model of presence, the Technology Acceptance Model, and the Theory of Planned Behavior. International Journal of Tourism Research, 26(1). https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2616</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref32">
                        <label>32</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Mishra, A., &amp; Awasthi, S. (2022). Metaverse: Opportunities and Challenges for Marketers. Management Dynamics, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.57198/2583-4932.1305
 
Mogaji, E., Dwivedi, Y. K., &amp; Raman, R. (2023). Fashion marketing in the metaverse. Journal of Global Fashion Marketing, 15(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/20932685.2023.2249483</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref33">
                        <label>33</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Park, S.-M., &amp; Kim, Y.-G. (2022). A Metaverse: taxonomy, components, applications, and open challenges. IEEE Access, 10, 4209–4251. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3140175</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref34">
                        <label>34</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Payal, R., Dwivedi, Y. K., &amp; Sharma, N. (2024). Unlocking the impact of brand engagement in the metaverse on Real-World purchase intentions: Analyzing Pre-Adoption behavior in a futuristic technology platform. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 65, 101381–101381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2024.101381</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref35">
                        <label>35</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Paxton, M., &amp; Barbour, N. (2023). Survey: Consumers express concerns over security, privacy in metaverse. S&amp;P Global Market Intelligence. https://www.spglobal.com/market-intelligence/en/news-insights/research/survey-consumers-express-concerns-over-security-privacy-in-metaverse</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref36">
                        <label>36</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Petrosyan, A. (2022). Projected metaverse reach consumers &amp; businesses 2026. Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1290160/projected-metaverse-use-reach-global-consumers-businesses/</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref37">
                        <label>37</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Pillai, R., Sivathanu, B., Rana, N. P., Preet, R., &amp; Mishra, A. (2023). Factors Influencing Customers’ Apparel Shopping Intention in Metaverse. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/08874417.2023.2280842</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref38">
                        <label>38</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Prados-Castillo, J. F., Torrecilla-García, J. A., Guaita-Fernandez, P., &amp; Castro-Pardo, M. D. (2024). The impact of the metaverse on consumer behaviour and marketing strategies in tourism. ESIC MARKET Economic and Business Journal, 55(1), e327–e327. https://doi.org/10.7200/esicm.55.327</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref39">
                        <label>39</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Prashar, A., &amp; Prashar, A. (2024). Digital fashion and metaverse platforms: Do platform attributes drive shopper’s purchase intention? Australian Journal of Management. https://doi.org/10.1177/03128962241246696</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref40">
                        <label>40</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Rane, N., Choudhary, S., &amp; Rane, J. (2023). Metaverse Marketing Strategies: Enhancing Customer Experience and Analysing Consumer Behaviour Through Leading-edge Metaverse Technologies, Platforms, and Models. Social Science Research Network. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4624199</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref41">
                        <label>41</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Rathore, B. (2018). Metaverse marketing: Novel challenges, opportunities, and strategic approaches. EDUZONE, 07(02), 72–82. https://doi.org/10.56614/eiprmj.v7i2y18.344</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref42">
                        <label>42</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Rosenberg, L. (2022). Regulation of the Metaverse: A Roadmap: The risks and regulatory solutions for largescale consumer platforms. In Proceedings of the 6th international conference on virtual and augmented reality simulations (pp. 21-26).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref43">
                        <label>43</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Remedios, D.L. (2023). The influence of the Metaverse on Brand Management: A study. Communities, 2(2), 5.
Rosário, A. T., Lopes, P. R., &amp; Rosário, F. S. (2023). Metaverse in Marketing. Advances in Computational Intelligence and Robotics Book Series, 204–227. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-8851-5.ch010</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref44">
                        <label>44</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Rosenberg, L. (2022). Marketing in the Metaverse and the Need for Consumer Protections. 2022 IEEE 13th Annual Ubiquitous Computing, Electronics &amp; Mobile Communication Conference (UEMCON). https://doi.org/10.1109/uemcon54665.2022.9965661</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref45">
                        <label>45</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Rosenberg, L. (2023). Marketing in the metaverse: Emerging risks. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 41–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28076-4_5</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref46">
                        <label>46</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Sales, N. J. (2024). A girl was allegedly raped in the metaverse. Is this the beginning of a dark new future? The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2024/jan/05/metaverse-sexual-assault-vr-game-online-safety-meta</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref47">
                        <label>47</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Sands, S., Campbell, C. L., Plangger, K., &amp; Ferraro, C. (2022a). Unreal Influence: Leveraging AI in Influencer Marketing. European Journal of Marketing, 56(6), 1721–1747. https://doi.org/10.1108/ejm-12-2019-0949</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref48">
                        <label>48</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Sands, S., Ferraro, C., Demsar, V., &amp; Chandler, G. (2022b). False idols: Unpacking the opportunities and challenges of falsity in the context of virtual influencers. Business Horizons, 65(6), 777–788. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2022.08.002</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref49">
                        <label>49</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Saunders, M., Lewis, P., &amp; Thornhill, A. (2019). Research methods for business students (8th ed.). Pearson Education.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref50">
                        <label>50</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Schiffman, L. G., O’cass, A., Paladino, A., &amp; Carlson, J. (2013). Consumer behaviour (6th ed.). Pearson Australia.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref51">
                        <label>51</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Sharma, A., &amp; Bansal, A. (2023). Digital Marketing in the Metaverse: Beginning of a New Era in Product Promotion. In Applications of Neuromarketing in the Metaverse (p. 13). IGI Global.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref52">
                        <label>52</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Shen, B., Tan, W., Guo, J., Zhao, L., &amp; Qin, P. (2021). How to promote user purchase in metaverse? A systematic literature review on Consumer Behavior Research and virtual commerce application design. Applied Sciences, 11(23), 11087. https://doi.org/10.3390/app112311087</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref53">
                        <label>53</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Statista. (2024). Metaverse Advertising - Global | Statista Market Forecast. Statista. https://www.statista.com/outlook/amo/metaverse/metaverse-advertising/worldwide#market-size</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref54">
                        <label>54</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Sung, E., Sohn, K., &amp; Kwon, O. (2023). NFT Luxury Brand Marketing in the metaverse: Leveraging Blockchain‐certified NFTs to Drive Consumer Behavior. Psychology &amp; Marketing, 40(11). https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.21854</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref55">
                        <label>55</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Toraman, Y. (2022). User Acceptance of Metaverse: Insights from Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Planned Behavior Theory (PBT). EMAJ: Emerging Markets Journal, 12(1), 67–75. 
https://doi.org/10.5195/emaj.2022.258</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref56">
                        <label>56</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Upadhyay, U., Kumar, A., Sharma, G., Gupta, B. B., Wadee Alhalabi, Arya, V., &amp; Kwok Tai Chui. (2023). Cyberbullying in the Metaverse. Journal of Global Information Management, 31(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.4018/jgim.325793</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref57">
                        <label>57</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Vargo, L. (2022). Council Post: How The Metaverse Is Shaping Consumer Behavior. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbesbusinessdevelopmentcouncil/2022/07/05/how-the-metaverse-is-shaping-consumer-behavior/?sh=2761b6e53079</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref58">
                        <label>58</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Wang, J., Du, B., &amp; Cao, X. (2023). A Study of the Impact of Metaverse Marketing Characteristics on Consumers’ Purchase Intention. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications. https://doi.org/10.3233/faia230722</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref59">
                        <label>59</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Yadav, S., Pandey, S. K., &amp; Sharma, D. (2024). Marketing beyond reality: a systematic literature review on metaverse. Management Research Review, 47(7). https://doi.org/10.1108/mrr-06-2023-0456</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref60">
                        <label>60</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Zhang, L., Anjum, M. A., &amp; Wang, Y. (2023). The Impact of Trust-Building Mechanisms on Purchase Intention towards Metaverse Shopping: The Moderating Role of Age. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2023.2184594</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref61">
                        <label>61</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ziouache, A. (2022). Understanding Metaverse Intentions: The Impact of Perceived Behavioral Control, Attitude and Subjective Norms in Business Industry of Algeria. Journal of Metaverse Business Designs, 3(1), 34-43.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
