Impact of Growing Conditions and Water Stress on Turmeric

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of three growing media and four water levels on the yield and quality paramaters of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) under a greenhouse conditions in Batı Akdeniz Agricultural Research Institute, Turkey in 2021-2022. The experiment was designed as a factorial block design, with the main factor being three growing media (GM1: 25% perlite +75% cocopeat, GM2: 50% perlite + 50% peat, and GM3: 75% peat + 25% zeolite). The sub factor was four irrigation water levels (IL1:100%, IL2: 75%, IL3: 50%, and IL4:25%) with three replications. Turmeric plants were irrigated based on daily solar radiation values reaching the greenhouse. It was found that irrigation levels affect plant height, tillers number, leaf width, leaf length, leaf area, rhizome weight, curcumin, total phenolic, and total flavonoid content. Evapotranspiration values ranged between 40.3-161.2 L plant-1 (201-806 mm) and 63.2-253.0 L plant-1 (316-1265 mm) in 2021 and 2022 years, respectively. Fresh weight of rhizome for IL1, IL2, IL3 and IL4 treatments were measured as 426.9, 398.9, 308.6 and 253.1 g in 2021 and 608.0, 505.3, 380.0, and 219.7 g in 2022, respectively. It is concluded that decreasing irrigation levels has positive effect in curcumin, total phenolic and flavonoid content, oil, ar-tumerone, alpha-tumerone, beta-tumerone, and alpha-zingiberene but had adverse effect in rhizome weight, plant height, tillers number, and leaf area.

Keywords

• Curcumin
• Flavonoid
• Greenhouse
• Rhizome
• Substrate

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