Research Article

Determination of Inheritance of Spike Traits Through Five Parameter Model in Segregating Populations of Wheat

Volume: 31 Number: 2 September 11, 2026
  • Mehboob Ahmad *
  • Izhar Hussain
  • Muhammad Tehseen Zaheer Tanoli
  • Naushad Ali
  • Sajid Muhammad
  • Mubashar Ahmad Khan
  • Sher Aslam Khan
  • Maria Sultan
  • Sehrish Khan
  • Taskin Ur-Rahman

Determination of Inheritance of Spike Traits Through Five Parameter Model in Segregating Populations of Wheat

Abstract

The present study was carried out to assess the inheritance of bread wheat for spike related traits by developing five generations (P₁, P₂, F₁, F₂, and F₃) from seven bread wheat cross combinations. The multi-location testing and five parameter model was applied to get a clear insight into gene effects controlling the traits. All generations of each cross were sown at two locations. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant effect of environment on all the traits. Significant to highly significant differences were observed among generations (P₁, P₂, F₁, F₂, and F₃) in most of the cross combinations. Significant generation × location interaction was also noted in most crosses. The data on generation means indicated that the Maxipak variety and its segregating generations exhibited the highest mean values for spikelets per spike (22.7) and awn length (8.6 cm). The highest mean for spike length was recorded in the F₁, F₂, and F₃ generations of RK-23 × Gold. Gene action studies revealed that the inheritance of spike length and spikelets per spike was predominantly controlled by additive and epistatic gene effects in most cross combinations. Awn length was mainly influenced by dominance × dominance gene effects in most crosses, although some cross combinations also exhibited dominant and additive types of gene action. Therefore early generation selection is effective for spike length and spikelets per spike, while selection should be conducted in later generations for awn length.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Crop and Pasture Breeding

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Izhar Hussain This is me
0000-0002-7999-3871
Pakistan

Muhammad Tehseen Zaheer Tanoli This is me
0009-0008-6662-7216
Pakistan

Sajid Muhammad This is me
0009-0000-3679-4947
Pakistan

Mubashar Ahmad Khan This is me
0009-0003-2212-7272
Pakistan

Sher Aslam Khan This is me
0000-0002-6662-4786
Pakistan

Taskin Ur-Rahman This is me
0009-0003-8762-0949
Pakistan

Publication Date

September 11, 2026

Submission Date

April 5, 2026

Acceptance Date

August 11, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 31 Number: 2

APA
Ahmad, M., Hussain, I., Zaheer Tanoli, M. T., Ali, N., Muhammad, S., Khan, M. A., Khan, S. A., Sultan, M., Khan, S., & Ur-Rahman, T. (2026). Determination of Inheritance of Spike Traits Through Five Parameter Model in Segregating Populations of Wheat. Turkish Journal Of Field Crops, 31(2). https://doi.org/10.17557/tjfc.1923514
AMA
1.Ahmad M, Hussain I, Zaheer Tanoli MT, et al. Determination of Inheritance of Spike Traits Through Five Parameter Model in Segregating Populations of Wheat. TJFC. 2026;31(2). doi:10.17557/tjfc.1923514
Chicago
Ahmad, Mehboob, Izhar Hussain, Muhammad Tehseen Zaheer Tanoli, et al. 2026. “Determination of Inheritance of Spike Traits Through Five Parameter Model in Segregating Populations of Wheat”. Turkish Journal Of Field Crops 31 (2). https://doi.org/10.17557/tjfc.1923514.
EndNote
Ahmad M, Hussain I, Zaheer Tanoli MT, Ali N, Muhammad S, Khan MA, Khan SA, Sultan M, Khan S, Ur-Rahman T (September 1, 2026) Determination of Inheritance of Spike Traits Through Five Parameter Model in Segregating Populations of Wheat. Turkish Journal Of Field Crops 31 2
IEEE
[1]M. Ahmad et al., “Determination of Inheritance of Spike Traits Through Five Parameter Model in Segregating Populations of Wheat”, TJFC, vol. 31, no. 2, Sept. 2026, doi: 10.17557/tjfc.1923514.
ISNAD
Ahmad, Mehboob - Hussain, Izhar - Zaheer Tanoli, Muhammad Tehseen - Ali, Naushad - Muhammad, Sajid - Khan, Mubashar Ahmad - Khan, Sher Aslam - Sultan, Maria - Khan, Sehrish - Ur-Rahman, Taskin. “Determination of Inheritance of Spike Traits Through Five Parameter Model in Segregating Populations of Wheat”. Turkish Journal Of Field Crops 31/2 (September 1, 2026). https://doi.org/10.17557/tjfc.1923514.
JAMA
1.Ahmad M, Hussain I, Zaheer Tanoli MT, Ali N, Muhammad S, Khan MA, Khan SA, Sultan M, Khan S, Ur-Rahman T. Determination of Inheritance of Spike Traits Through Five Parameter Model in Segregating Populations of Wheat. TJFC. 2026;31. doi:10.17557/tjfc.1923514.
MLA
Ahmad, Mehboob, et al. “Determination of Inheritance of Spike Traits Through Five Parameter Model in Segregating Populations of Wheat”. Turkish Journal Of Field Crops, vol. 31, no. 2, Sept. 2026, doi:10.17557/tjfc.1923514.
Vancouver
1.Mehboob Ahmad, Izhar Hussain, Muhammad Tehseen Zaheer Tanoli, Naushad Ali, Sajid Muhammad, Mubashar Ahmad Khan, Sher Aslam Khan, Maria Sultan, Sehrish Khan, Taskin Ur-Rahman. Determination of Inheritance of Spike Traits Through Five Parameter Model in Segregating Populations of Wheat. TJFC. 2026 Sep. 1;31(2). doi:10.17557/tjfc.1923514

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