GENETIC MECHANISM CONTROLLING SELECTED WITHIN BOLL YIELD COMPONENTS AND PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS OF GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L. UNDER SALINITY STRESS

Year 2017, , 89 - 95, 15.06.2017

Amir Shakeel Muhammad Naeem , İmtiaz Ali Sami Ul Allah İrfan Afzal Asif Saeed Muhammad Iqbal

https://doi.org/10.17557/TJFC.303891

Abstract

An experiment was conducted to elucidate the genetic governance of within boll yield components and
physiological trait of cotton under control and salinity stress. Ionic concentration varied in all of the genotypes
at both salinity levels, ie., higher Na+ concentration was observed in stress condition. Male, female interaction
was significant in lint mass per unit seed surface area, chlorophyll content, K+
/Na+
ratio, concluding that
within boll yield components and ionic concentration in cell are controlled by non-additive type of gene action.
High broad sense heritability and mild narrow sense heritability estimates revealed that within boll yield
components and physiological traits are probably controlled by additive and non-additive gene action with
pronounced effect of non-additive gene action under control and salt stress condition. Genotypic and
phenotypic coefficient of variability was vigorous in stress condition due to the interaction of salinity tolerant
genes of tolerant genotypes. Genetic governance is influenced due to specific environmental factors therefore
care should be taken in the entitlement of genetic governance of particular traits. 

Keywords

abiotic stress, genetic mechanism, Gossypium hirsutum L, physiological traits, salinity stress, within boll yield components

References

• Abbas, G. 2011a. The genetic basis of salt tolerance in Gossypium hirsutum L. Ph.D. Thesis, Dept. Plant Breed. Genet. Univ. Agri., Faisalabad, Pakistan.
• Abbas, G., T.M. Khan, A.A. Khan and A.I. Khan. 2011b. Discrimination of salt tolerant and susceptible cotton genotypes at seedling stage using selection index. Int. J. Agric. Biol. 13: 339-345.
• Akhtar, J., J. Gorham, R.H. Qureshi and M. Aslam. 1998. Dose tolerance of wheat to salinity and hypoxia come late with root dehydrogenize activities or parenchyma formation. Plant soil. 201: 275-284.
• Akhtar, J., Z. Saqib, M. Sarfraz, I. Saleem and M. Haq. 2010. Evaluating salt tolerant cotton genotypes at different levels of NaCl stress in solution and soil culture. Pak. J. Bot. 42: 2857-2866.
• Ali M.A. and I.A. Shahid. 2009. Inheritance Pattern of Seed and Lint Traits in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Int. J. Agric. Bio. 11:44-48
• Ali, Z., A. Salam, F.M. Azhar and I.A. Khan. 2007. Genotypic variation in salinity tolerance among spring and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) accessions. South African J. Bot. 73: 70-75.
• Allah S U, M. Iqbal and M. Naeem. 2015. Genetic dissection of within boll yield components in Cotton. Plant Genetic resources. Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization; 1–8. doi:10.1017/S1479262115000489
• Aragues, R., V. Urdanoz, M. Cetin, C. Kirda, H. Daghari, W. ltifi, M. Lahlou and A. Douaik. 2011. Soil salinity related to physical soil characteristics and irrigation management in four Mediterranean irrigation districts. Agric. Water Manage. 98, 959-966. doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2011.01.004
• Arzani A. 2008. Improving Salinity Tolerance in Crop Plants: A Biotechnological View. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology. Plant. 44:373-383
• Ashraf, M. 2002. Salt tolerance of cotton: some new advances. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 21:1-30.
• Ashraf, M. and N.A. Akram. 2009. Improving salinity tolerance of plants through conventional breeding and genetic engineering: an analytical comparison. Biotech. Adv. 27: 744-752.
• Ashraf, M. and S. Ahmad. 2000a. Influence of sodium chloride on ion accumulation, yield components and fibre characteristics in salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive lines of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Field Crops Res. 66: 115- 127.
• Ashraf, M. and S. Ahmad. 2000b. Genetic effects for yield components and fibre characteristics in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivated under salinized (NaCl) conditions. Agronomie 20:917-926.
• Aslam, M., S.M. Basra, M.A. Maqbool, H. Bilal, Q.U. Zaman and S. Bano. 2013. Physio-chemical Distinctiveness and Metroglyph Analysis of Cotton Genotypes at Early Growth Stage under Saline Hydroponics. Int. J. Agric. Biol. 15: 1133-1139.
• Azhar, F.M., A.A. Khan and N. Saleem. 2007. Genetic mechanisms controlling salt tolerance In Gossypium hirsutum L. seedlings. Pakistan J. Bot., 39: 115-121.
• Bhatti, M. and F. Azhar. 2002. Salt tolerance of nine Gossypium hirsutum L. varieties to NaCl salinity at early stage of plant development. Int. J. Agric. Biol. 4: 544-546.
• Blum, A. 1988. Plant breeding for stress environments. (CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL) Burton, G.W. 1951. Quantitative inheritance in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum). Agronomy Journal, 43: 409-417.
• Comstock, R.E. and H.F. Robinson. 1952. Estimation of average dominance of genes in Heterosis. Iowa State College Press, Ames, IA: 494-516.
• Comstock, R.E. and H.F. Robinson. 1948. The components of genetic variance in populations of biparental progenies and their use in estimating the average degree of dominance. Biometrics, 4: 254-266.
• Comstock, R.E. and R.H. Moll. 1963. Genotype-Environment interactions. P161-196. In W. D. Hanson and H.F. Robinson (eds), Statistical Genetics and Plant Breeding. Publ. 982.
• Natl. Acad. Sci.-Natl. Res. Counc., Washington DC Coyle, G.G. and C.W. Smith. 1997. Combining ability for within-boll yield components in cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. Crop Sci. 37: 1118-1122.
• Dhivya, R., P. Amalabalu, R. Pushpa and D. Kavithamani. 2014. Variability, heritability and genetic advance in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). African J. Plant Sci. 8: 1-5.
• FAO. 2015. FAO Soil management of some problem soil and salt affected soil. Available online at: http://www.fao.org/soils-portal/soilmanagement/management-of-some-problem-soils/.
• Flowers, T.J. and A.R. Yeo. 1995. Breeding for salinity resistance in crop plants; where next. Austra. J. Plant Physiol. 22: 875-884.
• Gopikannan M. and S.K. Ganesh 2013. Investigation on combining ability and heterosis for sodicity tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.). African Journal Agric. Research. 8:4326- 4333
• Govt. of Pakistan. 2014-15. Govt. of Pakistan, Ministry of Finance, Economic Advisor’s Wing, Islamabad.
• Gregorio, G.B. and D. Senadhira. 1993. Genetic analysis of salinity tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Theor. Appl. Gen. 86: 333-338.
• Hameed, M., M. Asraf, N. Naz and A.F. Al-qurainy. 2010. Anatomical adaptation of Cynodon dactylon L. Pers, from the Salt Range Pakistan, to salinity stress. 1. Root and stem anatomy. Pak. J. Bot., 42: 279-289.
• Hoffman, A.A. and P.A. Parsons. 1991. Evolutionary Genetics and Environmental Stress. Oxford Uni. Press, New York, USA.
• Hoffmann, A.A. and J. Merila. 1999. Heritable variation and evolution under favorable and unfavourable conditions. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 14: 96–101.
• Imran M., A. Shakeel, F.M. Azhar, J. Farooq, M.F. Saleem, A. Saeed, W. Nazeer, M. Riaz, M. Naeem, and A. Javaid. Combining ability analysis for within-boll yield components in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). 2012. Genetics and Mol. Research.11:2790-2800
• James, R.A., C. Blake, C.S. Byrt and R. Munns. 2011. Major genes for Na+ exclusion, Nax1 and Nax2 (wheat HKT1;4 and HKT1;5), decrease Na+ accumulation in bread wheat leaves under saline and waterlogged conditions. J. Exper. Botany. 62(8):2939-47
• Kent, L.A. and A. Lauchli. 1985. Germination and seedling growth of cotton: salinity calcium interactions. Plant Cell Environt., 8: 115-159.
• Khan, A.A., T. McNeilly, F.M. Azhar. 2001. Stress tolerance in crop plants. (Review). Int. J. Agri. Biol., 3: 250-55.
• Khan, A.N., R.H. Qureshi and N. Ahmad. 1998. Performance of cotton cultivars as affected by type of salinity. Ion composition. Sarhad J. Agri. Res., 14: 73-78.
• Leidi, E.O., J.F. Saiz. 1997. Is salinity tolerance related to Na+ accumulation upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Seedling. Plant Soil. 190: 67-75.
• Mahmood, A.M., T.M. El-Ameen, A.A. Mohamed and M.A. Ali. 2004. Inheritance of some agro-economic traits in interspecific cotton cross using six parameters model under two locations. J. Agric. Sci., 3: 95–106
• Melchinger, A.E., H.F. Utz, H.P. Piepho, Z.B. Zeng and C.C. Schön. 2007. The role of epistasis in the manifestation of heterosis: a systems-oriented approach. Genetics 177: 1815– 1825
• Munns, R. and M. Tester. 2008. Mechanisms of Salinity Tolerance. Ann. Rev. Plant Biol.,59: 651-681.
• Murtaza, N., A.A. Khan and K.T. Ashrat. 1995. Assessment of gene action in some quantitative characters of upland cotton. J. Anim. Plt. Sci., 5: 33–5.
• Nabi, G., F.M. Azhar and A.A. Khan. 2010. Genetic Mechanisms Controlling Variation for Salinity Tolerance in Upland Cotton at Plant Maturity. Int. J. Agric. Bio., 12:521– 526
• Neelima, S., V. Reddy and A. Reddy. 2004. Combining ability studies for yield and yield components in American cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Ann. Agri. Bio. Res. 9:1-6.
• Noor, E., F.M. Azhar and A.A. Khan. 2001. Differences in responses of Gossypium hirsutum L. Varieties to NaCl salinity level at seedling satage. Int. J. Agric. Biol., 3: 345– 347
• Perkins, H.D., D.E. Ethridge and C.K. Bragg. 1984. Fiber. p. 438-465. In R. J. Kohel and C. F. Lewis (ed). Cotton. Agronomy Monograph No. 24. ASA, CSSA, and SSSA. Madison, WI.
• Qadir, M. and M. Shams. 1997. Some agronomic and physiological aspects of salt tolerance in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). J. Agron. Crop Sci. 179: 101-106.
• Qureshi, R.H. and E.G. Barrett-Lennard. 1998. Saline Agriculture for Irrigated Land in Pakistan. A Handbook. ACIAR Monograph No.50. Canberra, Australia.
• Rumbaugh, M.O., K.H. Asay and O.A. Johnson. 1984. Influence of drought stress on genetic variance of alfalfa and wheat grass seedling. Crop Sci. 24: 297–303.
• Salam, A. 1993. Physiological / genetical studies on the aspects of salt tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Ph.D. Thesis, University Wales, UK.
• Saranga, Y., M. Menz, C.X. Jiang, R.J. Wright, D. Yakir and A.H. Paterson. 2001. Genomic dissection of genotype × environment interactions conferring adaptation of cotton to arid conditions. Genome Research 11: 1988–1995.
• Shrivastava, P. and R. Kumar. 2015. Soil salinity: A serious environmental issue and plant growth promoting bacteria as one of the tools for its alleviation. Saudi. J. Boil. Sci. 22: 123-131.
• Steel, R.G.D., J.H. Torrie and D.A. Dickey, 1997. Principles and Procedures of Statistics, A Biometrical Approach, pp: 204– 251. McGraw Hill Book Co. NewYork, USA.
• Storey, R. and R.G.W. Jones. 1978. Salt stress and comparative physiology in the Gramineae. I. Ion relations of two salt and water stressed barley cultivars, California, Marriout and Arimar. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 5: 801-806.
• Tripathi, I.D. and M. Singh. 1983. Triple test cross analysis in three barley populations under saline alkali soil conditions. J. Agr. Sci. 101: 317–321.
• Wang, W., B. Vinocur and A. Altman. 2003. Plant responses to drought, salinity and extreme temperatures: towards genetic engineering for stress tolerance. Planta, 218: 1-14.
• Williams, W.D. 1999. Wetlands, salinity and the River Murray: three elements of a changing environmental scenario. Rivers for the Future 10: 30-33.