EFFECT OF SOWING DATE ON SOME AGRONOMIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL TRAITS OF SAFFLOWER (Carthamus tinctorius L.) IN NORTHERN TURKEY

Abstract

This research was determined the effect of sowing dates on some agronomic and technological characters of safflower cultivars. The research was conducted in Samsun during the season 2017-2019 using 4 sowing dates (30 October, 14 November, 29 November and 14 December) and two safflower cultivars (Olas and Linas). The result of research, plant height 82.3-158.7 cm, the number of head 4.15 to 9.47 head-1 plant, seed weight per head 0.84 to 1.39 g, thousand seed weight 34.65 to 47.69 g, seed yield per plant 3.14 to 7.67 g, oil content 24.64 to 29.29% and oil yield per plant 0.83 to 2.25 g were determined. The result of interaction between sowing date and variety showed that for Olas variety the highest agronomic and technological traits were obtained in the 2nd sowing date, for Linas variety the highest values except for plant height and thousand seed yield were obtained in the 2nd sowing date. In addition, it was concluded that the second sowing date (14 November) is more suitable for safflower cultivation in the winter season in Samsun ecological conditions.

Keywords

• safflower
• sowing dates
• yield
• yield components

References

1. Akhter, M.T., M.A. Mannan, P. B. Kundu and N.K. Paul. 2015. Effects of different sowing dates on the phenology and accumulated heat units in three rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.) varieties. Bangladesh J Bot. 44(1): 97-101.
2. ANKOM. 2017. Technology Method Analytical Procedure XT10/XT10i/XT15/XT15i http://www.ankom.com/.
3. Aslantas, S. and F. Akinerdem. 2019. Effects of different sowing dates on yield, yield component and quality of some winter safflower cultivars. J Bahri Dagdas Crop Res. 9(1): 21-28.
4. Badri, A.R, A.S. Rad, S.S. Zadeh and Z. Bitaraftan. 2012. Sowing date effect on spring safflower cultivars. Int J Sci Adv Tech. 1(9): 26-32.
5. Barla, A.K, G.M. Kote and D.D. Deshmukh. 2020. Effect of sowing dates on yield and yield attributes of safflower genotypes. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci. 9(1): 361-366.
6. Baydar, H. and S. Erbas. 2016. Line development breeding for high yield, oil and oleic acid content in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). J Field Crops Central Res Ins 25(Special issue-2): 155-161.
7. Beech, D.F. and M.J.T. Norman. 1963. The effect of time of planting on yield attributes of varieties of safflower. Aust J Exp Agric. 3(9): 140-148.
8. Camas, N. and E. Esendal. 2006. Estimates of broad-sense heritability for seed yield and yield components of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Hereditas. 143: 55-57.

9. Cosge, B. and M.D. Kaya. 2008. Performance of some safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) varieties sown in late-autumn and late-spring. J Nat Applied Sci. 12(1): 13-18.
10. Dajue, L. and H. Mundel. 1996. Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). In: Promoting the Conservation and Use of Underutilized and Neglected Crops. 7th Edition, Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben/International Plant Genetic, Rome.
11. Deltalab, B., A.H Kazemi and E.B. Pasban. 2011. The effect of sowing dates on yield, yield components and oil content of three spring safflower cultivars (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under full irrigation regime in Tabriz. J Crop Ecophysio. (Agric Sci.). 5(19): 11-23.
12. Emami, T., R. Naseri, H. Falahi and E. Kazemi. 2011. Response of yield, yield component and oil content of safflower (cv. Sina) to planting date and plant spacing on row in rainfed conditions of western Iran. Am-Eura J Agric Envir Sci. 10(6): 947-953.
13. Emongor, V. 2010. Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) the underutilized and neglected crop: A review. Asian J Plant Sci. 9(6): 299-306.
14. FAO. 2019. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC.
15. Gecgel, U., M. Demirci and E. Esendal. 2007. Fatty acid composition of the oil from developing seeds of different varieties of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). J Am Oil Chem' Soc. 84: 47-54.
16. Ghanbari-Odivi, A., H. Hashemzade, B. Bahrampour and M. Saeidi. 2013. Effect of sowing date on yield and its components, oil and protein concentration and some agronomical traits of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Tech J Eng Appl Sci. 3(14): 1405-1410.
17. Hatipoglu, H., H. Arslan, M. Karakus and A. Kose. 2012. Determination suitable sowing time of different safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cultivars on Sanliurfa conditions. Uludag Uni J Agric Fac. 26(1): 1-16.
18. Hussain, T., M.A. Tariq, I. Ahmad, M. Saghir, M. Batool, M. Safdar, A. Sher and M. Tariq. 2014. Characters association analysis in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). J Bio Agric Healthcare. 4(6): 63-65. Keles, R. and O. Ozturk. 2012. Effect of different sowing dates on the seed yield and quality of safflower. Int J Agric Nat Sci. 5(1): 112-117.
19. Khalil, N.A, A.Y.M. Dagash and S.O. Yagoub. 2013. Effect of sowing date, irrigation intervals and fertilizers on safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) yield. Discourse J Agric Food Sci. 1(5): 97-102.
20. Kizil, S.A. 2002. A study on the determination of suitable sowing date of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in Diyarbakir ecological conditions. Anatolian J. 12(1): 37-50.
21. La Bella, S., T. Tuttolomondo, L. Lazzeri, R. Matteo, C. Leto and M. Licata. 2019. An agronomic evaluation of new safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) germplasm for seed and oil yields under mediterranean climate conditions. Agronomy. 9(8): 468-473.
22. Mohamadzadeh, M., S.A. Siadat, M.S. Norof and R. Naseri 2011. The effects of planting date and row spacing on yield, yield components and associated traits in winter safflower under rain fed conditions. Am Eura J Agric Environ Sci. 10(2): 200-206. Muhyedin, A., C.B. Sahin and N. Isler. 2019. Determination of yield, yield components and oil content of different safflower varieties grown under Hatay conditions, J Agric Nat. 22(5): 678-684.
23. Nickabadi, S., A. Solemani, S.M. Dehdashti and M. Yazdanibakhsh. 2008. Effect of sowing dates on yield and yield components of spring safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in Isfahan region. Pakistan J Bio Sci. 11(15): 1953-1956.
24. Omidi, A.H. 2000. Correlation between traits and path analysis for grain and oil yield in spring safflower. Sesame and Safflower Newsletter, 15: 78-82.
25. Omidi, A.H. and M.R., Sharifmogadas. 2010. evaluation of iranian safflower cultivars reaction to different sowing dates and plant densities. World Appl Sci J. 8(8): 953-958.
26. Oz, M. 2016. Relationship between sowing time, variety, and quality in safflower. J Chem. 2016: 1-8.
27. Ozel, A., T. Demirbilek, M.A., Gur and O. Copur. 2004. effects of different sowing date and intrarow spacing on yield and some agronomic traits of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under Harran Plain's arid conditions. Turkish J Agric Fores. 28(6): 413-419.
28. Sahu, J. and N.S. Thakur. 2016. Response of date of sowing on yield and yield attributes of safflower cultivars. The Bioscan. 11(1): 503-507.
29. Samanci, B., E. Ozkaynak, D. Basalma, and S. Uranbey, 2001. the effects of different sowing dates on the yield and related traits of some safflower (Carthhamus tinctorius L.) cultivars grown in Ankara and Antalya. Mediterian Agric Sci. 14(1): 29-32.
30. Samanci, B. and E. Ozkaynak. 2003. Effect of planting date on seed yield, oil content and fatty acid composition of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) cultivars grown in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. J Agro Crop Sci. 189(5): 359-360.
31. Seadh, S.E., A.N.E, Attia, M.A. Badawi and S.M.S. El-Hety. 2012. Response of seed yield and its components of safflower to sowing dates, nitrogen fertilizer levels and times of foliar application with milagrow. J Biol Sci. 12(6): 342-348.
32. Sirel, Z. and Z. Aytac. 2016. Relationships between the seed yield and some agronomic characteristics of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under semi-arid conditions. Turk J Field Crops. 21(1): 110-119.
33. Tayebi, A., H. Afshari, F. Farahvash, S.J. Masood and S. Nezarat. 2012. Effect of drought stress and different planting dates on safflower yield and its components in Tabriz Region. Iran J Plant Physio. 2(3): 445-453.
34. TUİK. 2020. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (Turkish Statistical Institute). http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1001.