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THE EFFECT OF FERTILIZATION AND GRAZING APPLICATIONS ON ROOT LENGTH AND ROOT BIOMASS OF SOME RANGELAND GRASSES

Year 2015, Volume: 20 Issue: 1, 38 - 42, 18.05.2015
https://doi.org/10.17557/.36557

Abstract

ABSTRACT

 

It is important to know the effects of applications such as fertilization and grazing on the vegetation improvement of certain species. This study was conducted to examine the effect of grassland improvement by fertilization and grazing on root length and biomass of various grassland grasses (Festuca ovina L., Koeleria cristata (L.) Bertol, Chrysopogon gryllus (L.) Trin., Bothriochloa ischaemum L. Keng) of the Tokat province of Turkey in the years 2008 and 2009. Great variations were observed among grass species in all applications. All different fertilization and ungrazed applications increased root length and root biomass parameters. Root lengths and root biomass of the species varied from 8.16 to14.27 cm and from 0.73 to 4.73 g, respectively. The longest root lengths and root biomass results were obtained from ungrazed land+ 75 kg ha-1 N+P2O5 fertilization application.

 

Key Words: Belowground biomass, Fertilization, Rangeland, Grazing,

References

  • LITERATURE CITED
  • Bagchi, S. and M.E. Ritchie. 2010. Herbivore effects on above-and belowground plant production and soil nitrogen availability in the Trans-Himalayan shrub-steppes. Oecologia. 164: 1075-1082.
  • Bakoglu, A., A. Koc and A. Gokkus. 1999a. Some characteristics of the common plants of range and meadows in Erzurum in relation to life span, beginning of the flowering and forage quality. Turk. J. Agric. For. 23: 951-957.
  • Bakoglu, A., A. Koc and A., Gokkus. 1999b. Variation in biomass and chemical composition of dominant rangeland plants during the growing season: I. Changes in biomass, root/shoot ratio, stem, leaf, flower ratios. Turk. J. Agric. For. 23: 487-494.
  • Balogianni, V.G., S.D. Wilson, B.M.Vaness, A.S. Mac Dougall and B.D. Pinno. 2014. Different root and shoot responses to mowing and fertility in native and invaded grassland. Rangeland Ecol. Manag. 67: 39–45.
  • Beebe, J., R. Everett, G. Scherer and C. Davis. 2002. Effect of fertilizer applications and grazing exclusion on species composition and biomass in wet meadow restoration in eastern Washington. Res. Pap. PNW-RP-542. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 15 p.
  • Biondini, M.E., B.D. Patton and P.E. Nyren. 1998. Grazing intensity and ecosystem processes in Northern Mixed-Grass Prairie, USA. Ecol. Appl.8: 469-479.
  • Bonin, C., J. Flores, R. Lal and B. Tracy. 2013. Root characteristics of perennial warm-season grasslands managed for grazing and biomass production. Agronomy. 3: 508-523.
  • Frank, D.A., M.M. Kuns, and D.R. Guido. 2002. Consumer control of grassland plant production. Ecology. 83: 602-606.
  • Gao, Y.Z., M. Giese, S. Lin, F. Taube and H. Brueck. 2008. Belowground net primary productivity and biomass allocation of grassland in Inner Mongolia as affected by grazing intensity. Plant Soil. 307: 41-50.
  • Gao Y.Z., Q. Chen, S. Lin, M. Giese and H. Brueck. 2011. Resource manipulation effects on net primary production, biomass allocation and rain-use efficiency of two semiarid grassland sites in Inner Mongolia, China. Oecologia. 165: 855-864.
  • Gibson, D.J., T.R. Seastedt and J.M. Briggs. 1993. Management practices in tallgrass prairie: large- and small-scale experimental effects on species composition. J. Appl. Ecol. 30: 247–255.
  • Glab, T. and P. Kacorzyk. 2011. Root distribution and herbage production under different management regimes of mountain grassland. Soil. Till. Res. 113: 99-104.
  • Gonzalez R.M, R.E. Sosebee and C. Wan. 2002. Shoot and root biomass of desert grasses as affected by biosolids application. J. Arid. Environ. 50 :477-488.
  • Heggenstaller, A.H., K.J. Moore, M. Liebman and R.P. Anex. 2009. Nitrogen influences biomass and nutrient partitioning by perennial, warm-season grasses. Agron. J. 101: 1363-1371.
  • Hejduk, S. And F. Hrabě. 2003. Influence of different systems of grazing, type of swards and fertilizing on underground phytomass of pastures. Plant. Soil. Environ. 49: 18-23.
  • Holub, P., I. Tůma and K. Fiala. 2013. Effect of fertilization on root growth in the wet submontane meadow. Plant Soil. Environ. 59: 342-347.
  • Johnson, C. and J.R. Matchett. 2001. Fire and grazing regulate belowground processes in tallgrass prairie. Ecology. 82: 3377-3389.
  • Koc, A., M. Tan, and H.I. Erkovan. 2012. An overview of fodder resources and animal production in Turkey. Options Mediterranean, SerieA/102, New approaches for grassland research in a context of climate and socio-economic changes. Zaragoza, CIHEAM 542p.
  • Kohyani, P.T., B. Bossuyt, D. Bonte and M. Hoffmann.2009. Differential herbivory tolerance of dominant and subordinate plant species along gradients of nutrient availability and competition. Plant Ecol. 201: 611-619.
  • Ladwig, L., S. Collins, A. Swann, Y. Xia, M. Allen and E. Allen. 2012. Above- and below ground responses to nitrogen addition in a Chihuahuan Desert grassland. Oecologia 169: 177-185.
  • McNaughton S.J., F.F. Banyikwa, and M.M. McNaughton. 1998. Root biomass and productivity in a grazing ecosystem: the serengeti. Ecology 79: 587-592.
  • Milchunas D.G. and W.K. Lauenroth. 1989. Three-dimensional distribution of plant biomass in relation to grazing and topography in the short grass steppe. Oikos. 55: 82-86.
  • Milchunas D.G. and W.K. Lauenroth. 1993. A quantitative assessment of the effects of grazing on vegetation and soils over a global range of environments. Ecol. Monogr. 63: 327-66.
  • Nippert J.B., R.A. Wieme, T.W. Ocheltree and J.M. Craine. 2012. Root characteristics of C4 grasses limit reliance on deep soil water in tall grass prairie. Plant Soil. 355: 385-394.
  • Pucheta, E., I. Bonamici, M. Cabido and S. Diaz. 2004. Belowground biomass and productivity of a grazed site and a neighboring ungrazed exclosure in a grassland in central Argentina. Austral Ecol. 29: 201-208.
  • Rajaniemi, T.K., V.J. Allison and D.E. Goldberg. 2003. Root competition can cause a decline in diversity with increased productivity. J. Ecol. 91: 407-416.
  • Rogers, W.M., D. R. Kirby, P.E. Nyren, B.D. Patton and E.S. Dekeyser. 2005. Grazing intensity effects on northern plains mixed-grass prairie. Prairie Nat. 37: 73-83.
  • SAS Institute. 1999. SAS Version 8.0. SAS Inst., Cary, NC.
  • Schuster, J.L. 1964. Root development of native plants under three grazing intensities. Ecology 45: 63-70.
  • Sun, X., N. Luo, B. Longhurst and J. Luo. 2008. Fertiliser nitrogen and factors affecting pasture responses. The Open Agric.J. 2:35–42.
  • Tewari M. and H. Joshi. 1985. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on biomass and growth behavior of two range grasses. Plant Sci. 95: 41–46.
  • Tomaškin J., J. Jančovič, Ľ. Vozar and J. Tomaškinova. 2013. The effect of mineral fertilization on belowground plant biomass of grassland ecosystems. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, LXI (5) pp. 1431–1440.
  • Turk, M., S. Albayrak and Y. Bozkurt. 2014. Seasonal trends in chemical composition of different artificial pastures. Turkish Journal of Field Crops. 19(1): 53–58.
  • Yan, L., G. Zhou and F. Zhang. 2013. Effects of Different Grazing Intensities on Grassland Production in China: A Meta-Analysis. PLoS one, Available at: http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0081466 (Accessed: 25 April 2014)
Year 2015, Volume: 20 Issue: 1, 38 - 42, 18.05.2015
https://doi.org/10.17557/.36557

Abstract

References

  • LITERATURE CITED
  • Bagchi, S. and M.E. Ritchie. 2010. Herbivore effects on above-and belowground plant production and soil nitrogen availability in the Trans-Himalayan shrub-steppes. Oecologia. 164: 1075-1082.
  • Bakoglu, A., A. Koc and A. Gokkus. 1999a. Some characteristics of the common plants of range and meadows in Erzurum in relation to life span, beginning of the flowering and forage quality. Turk. J. Agric. For. 23: 951-957.
  • Bakoglu, A., A. Koc and A., Gokkus. 1999b. Variation in biomass and chemical composition of dominant rangeland plants during the growing season: I. Changes in biomass, root/shoot ratio, stem, leaf, flower ratios. Turk. J. Agric. For. 23: 487-494.
  • Balogianni, V.G., S.D. Wilson, B.M.Vaness, A.S. Mac Dougall and B.D. Pinno. 2014. Different root and shoot responses to mowing and fertility in native and invaded grassland. Rangeland Ecol. Manag. 67: 39–45.
  • Beebe, J., R. Everett, G. Scherer and C. Davis. 2002. Effect of fertilizer applications and grazing exclusion on species composition and biomass in wet meadow restoration in eastern Washington. Res. Pap. PNW-RP-542. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 15 p.
  • Biondini, M.E., B.D. Patton and P.E. Nyren. 1998. Grazing intensity and ecosystem processes in Northern Mixed-Grass Prairie, USA. Ecol. Appl.8: 469-479.
  • Bonin, C., J. Flores, R. Lal and B. Tracy. 2013. Root characteristics of perennial warm-season grasslands managed for grazing and biomass production. Agronomy. 3: 508-523.
  • Frank, D.A., M.M. Kuns, and D.R. Guido. 2002. Consumer control of grassland plant production. Ecology. 83: 602-606.
  • Gao, Y.Z., M. Giese, S. Lin, F. Taube and H. Brueck. 2008. Belowground net primary productivity and biomass allocation of grassland in Inner Mongolia as affected by grazing intensity. Plant Soil. 307: 41-50.
  • Gao Y.Z., Q. Chen, S. Lin, M. Giese and H. Brueck. 2011. Resource manipulation effects on net primary production, biomass allocation and rain-use efficiency of two semiarid grassland sites in Inner Mongolia, China. Oecologia. 165: 855-864.
  • Gibson, D.J., T.R. Seastedt and J.M. Briggs. 1993. Management practices in tallgrass prairie: large- and small-scale experimental effects on species composition. J. Appl. Ecol. 30: 247–255.
  • Glab, T. and P. Kacorzyk. 2011. Root distribution and herbage production under different management regimes of mountain grassland. Soil. Till. Res. 113: 99-104.
  • Gonzalez R.M, R.E. Sosebee and C. Wan. 2002. Shoot and root biomass of desert grasses as affected by biosolids application. J. Arid. Environ. 50 :477-488.
  • Heggenstaller, A.H., K.J. Moore, M. Liebman and R.P. Anex. 2009. Nitrogen influences biomass and nutrient partitioning by perennial, warm-season grasses. Agron. J. 101: 1363-1371.
  • Hejduk, S. And F. Hrabě. 2003. Influence of different systems of grazing, type of swards and fertilizing on underground phytomass of pastures. Plant. Soil. Environ. 49: 18-23.
  • Holub, P., I. Tůma and K. Fiala. 2013. Effect of fertilization on root growth in the wet submontane meadow. Plant Soil. Environ. 59: 342-347.
  • Johnson, C. and J.R. Matchett. 2001. Fire and grazing regulate belowground processes in tallgrass prairie. Ecology. 82: 3377-3389.
  • Koc, A., M. Tan, and H.I. Erkovan. 2012. An overview of fodder resources and animal production in Turkey. Options Mediterranean, SerieA/102, New approaches for grassland research in a context of climate and socio-economic changes. Zaragoza, CIHEAM 542p.
  • Kohyani, P.T., B. Bossuyt, D. Bonte and M. Hoffmann.2009. Differential herbivory tolerance of dominant and subordinate plant species along gradients of nutrient availability and competition. Plant Ecol. 201: 611-619.
  • Ladwig, L., S. Collins, A. Swann, Y. Xia, M. Allen and E. Allen. 2012. Above- and below ground responses to nitrogen addition in a Chihuahuan Desert grassland. Oecologia 169: 177-185.
  • McNaughton S.J., F.F. Banyikwa, and M.M. McNaughton. 1998. Root biomass and productivity in a grazing ecosystem: the serengeti. Ecology 79: 587-592.
  • Milchunas D.G. and W.K. Lauenroth. 1989. Three-dimensional distribution of plant biomass in relation to grazing and topography in the short grass steppe. Oikos. 55: 82-86.
  • Milchunas D.G. and W.K. Lauenroth. 1993. A quantitative assessment of the effects of grazing on vegetation and soils over a global range of environments. Ecol. Monogr. 63: 327-66.
  • Nippert J.B., R.A. Wieme, T.W. Ocheltree and J.M. Craine. 2012. Root characteristics of C4 grasses limit reliance on deep soil water in tall grass prairie. Plant Soil. 355: 385-394.
  • Pucheta, E., I. Bonamici, M. Cabido and S. Diaz. 2004. Belowground biomass and productivity of a grazed site and a neighboring ungrazed exclosure in a grassland in central Argentina. Austral Ecol. 29: 201-208.
  • Rajaniemi, T.K., V.J. Allison and D.E. Goldberg. 2003. Root competition can cause a decline in diversity with increased productivity. J. Ecol. 91: 407-416.
  • Rogers, W.M., D. R. Kirby, P.E. Nyren, B.D. Patton and E.S. Dekeyser. 2005. Grazing intensity effects on northern plains mixed-grass prairie. Prairie Nat. 37: 73-83.
  • SAS Institute. 1999. SAS Version 8.0. SAS Inst., Cary, NC.
  • Schuster, J.L. 1964. Root development of native plants under three grazing intensities. Ecology 45: 63-70.
  • Sun, X., N. Luo, B. Longhurst and J. Luo. 2008. Fertiliser nitrogen and factors affecting pasture responses. The Open Agric.J. 2:35–42.
  • Tewari M. and H. Joshi. 1985. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on biomass and growth behavior of two range grasses. Plant Sci. 95: 41–46.
  • Tomaškin J., J. Jančovič, Ľ. Vozar and J. Tomaškinova. 2013. The effect of mineral fertilization on belowground plant biomass of grassland ecosystems. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, LXI (5) pp. 1431–1440.
  • Turk, M., S. Albayrak and Y. Bozkurt. 2014. Seasonal trends in chemical composition of different artificial pastures. Turkish Journal of Field Crops. 19(1): 53–58.
  • Yan, L., G. Zhou and F. Zhang. 2013. Effects of Different Grazing Intensities on Grassland Production in China: A Meta-Analysis. PLoS one, Available at: http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0081466 (Accessed: 25 April 2014)
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Tamer Yavuz

Yasar Karadag This is me

Publication Date May 18, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2015 Volume: 20 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Yavuz, T., & Karadag, Y. (2015). THE EFFECT OF FERTILIZATION AND GRAZING APPLICATIONS ON ROOT LENGTH AND ROOT BIOMASS OF SOME RANGELAND GRASSES. Turkish Journal Of Field Crops, 20(1), 38-42. https://doi.org/10.17557/.36557
AMA Yavuz T, Karadag Y. THE EFFECT OF FERTILIZATION AND GRAZING APPLICATIONS ON ROOT LENGTH AND ROOT BIOMASS OF SOME RANGELAND GRASSES. TJFC. May 2015;20(1):38-42. doi:10.17557/.36557
Chicago Yavuz, Tamer, and Yasar Karadag. “THE EFFECT OF FERTILIZATION AND GRAZING APPLICATIONS ON ROOT LENGTH AND ROOT BIOMASS OF SOME RANGELAND GRASSES”. Turkish Journal Of Field Crops 20, no. 1 (May 2015): 38-42. https://doi.org/10.17557/.36557.
EndNote Yavuz T, Karadag Y (May 1, 2015) THE EFFECT OF FERTILIZATION AND GRAZING APPLICATIONS ON ROOT LENGTH AND ROOT BIOMASS OF SOME RANGELAND GRASSES. Turkish Journal Of Field Crops 20 1 38–42.
IEEE T. Yavuz and Y. Karadag, “THE EFFECT OF FERTILIZATION AND GRAZING APPLICATIONS ON ROOT LENGTH AND ROOT BIOMASS OF SOME RANGELAND GRASSES”, TJFC, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 38–42, 2015, doi: 10.17557/.36557.
ISNAD Yavuz, Tamer - Karadag, Yasar. “THE EFFECT OF FERTILIZATION AND GRAZING APPLICATIONS ON ROOT LENGTH AND ROOT BIOMASS OF SOME RANGELAND GRASSES”. Turkish Journal Of Field Crops 20/1 (May 2015), 38-42. https://doi.org/10.17557/.36557.
JAMA Yavuz T, Karadag Y. THE EFFECT OF FERTILIZATION AND GRAZING APPLICATIONS ON ROOT LENGTH AND ROOT BIOMASS OF SOME RANGELAND GRASSES. TJFC. 2015;20:38–42.
MLA Yavuz, Tamer and Yasar Karadag. “THE EFFECT OF FERTILIZATION AND GRAZING APPLICATIONS ON ROOT LENGTH AND ROOT BIOMASS OF SOME RANGELAND GRASSES”. Turkish Journal Of Field Crops, vol. 20, no. 1, 2015, pp. 38-42, doi:10.17557/.36557.
Vancouver Yavuz T, Karadag Y. THE EFFECT OF FERTILIZATION AND GRAZING APPLICATIONS ON ROOT LENGTH AND ROOT BIOMASS OF SOME RANGELAND GRASSES. TJFC. 2015;20(1):38-42.

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