THE NUTRITIONAL AND CHEMICAL CONTENT OF Atriplex nitens SEEDS GROWN UNDER WATER AND NUTRIENT STRESS

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 29 Sayı: 1, 1 - 8, 21.06.2024

Süleyman Temel , Bilal Keskin , Seda Akbay Tohumcu

https://doi.org/10.17557/tjfc.1409610

Öz

Atriplex nitens Schkuhr plant, which can grow under rainfall conditions without any fertilizer application and can produce high amounts of seeds, have been seen as an alternative feed resource in animal nutrition. However, no previous studies have been found revealing the feed quality content of the seeds with and without bracteole. For this purpose, a 3-replication study was established according to factorial experimental design in randomized blocks in Igdir (Turkey) arid conditions for two years (2021-2022). In the study, crude protein (CP), dry matter (DM), acid detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), crude ash (RA), dry matter digastiblity (DMD), metabolize enery (ME), dry matter intake (DMI) ve relative feed values (RFV) of seeds with and without bracteole were determined and compared. Additionally, the effect of different row spacings (22.5, 45.0 and 67.5 cm) on the quality of the seeds with and without bracteole was also tested. As a result of the study, all feed quality characteristics examined were found to be important in terms of seed types and it was determined that the desired feed quality values (the highest DMD, DMI, CP, ME, RFV and the lowest ADF, DM, NDF, RA and ADL) were more suitable in seed without bracteole. Only CP, NDF and ADL were found to be important in terms of inter-row spacing, and these values increased with increasing inter-row spacing. These results showed that seeds with and without bracteole can be used as a good alternative roughage and concentrated feed source, respectively.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Alternative feed, Feed value, Seeds with and without bracteole, Plant density

Kaynakça

• Abdel-Haleem, A.M. H. and R.A. Awad. 2015. Some quality attributes of low fat ice cream substituted with hulless barley flour and barley β-glucan. J. Food Sci. Technol. 52(10): 6425- 6434.
• Acar, R., A. Ozkose and N. Koc. 2017. Investigation of alternative use potential of Atriplex nitens Schkuhr. J. Bahri Dagdas Crop Res. 6(2): 18-22.
• AOAC. 2020. Official methods of analysis of association of official analytical chemist, AOAC International, Virginia USA.
• Biel, W., K. Bobko and R. Maciorowski. 2009. Chemical composition and nutritive value of husked and naked oats grain. J. Cereal Sci. 49(3): 413-418.
• Boman, R.L. 2003. New forage analysis: Increased feed efficiency potential. USU Dairy Newsletter.
• Choi, I., M. Lee., J. Choi., J. Hyun., K. Park and K. Kim. 2011. Bread quality by substituting normal and waxy hull-less barley flours. Food Sci. Biotechnol. 20(3): 671-678.
• Han, S. and M. Hendek Ertop. 2022. Some chemical and physical properties of Einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum) cultivated in Kastamonu (Turkey). Academic Food. 20(1): 63- 70 (in Turkish).
• Harmansah, F. 2018. Quality roughage production, problems and suggestions in Turkey. TURKTOB Journal. 25: 9-13 (in Turkish).
• Hicks, C., M.R. Tuinstra., J.F. Pedersen., F.E. Dowell and K.D. Kofoid. 2002. Genetic analysis of feed quality and seed weight of sorghum inbred lines and hybrids using analytical methods and NIRS. Euphytica. 127: 31-40.
• Hoije, A., M. Grondahl., K. Tommeraas and P. Gatenholm. 2005. Isolation and characterization of physicochemical and material properties of arabinoxylans from barley husks. Carbohydr. Polym. 61: 266-275.
• Kacar, B. 2012. Soil Analysis. Nobel Publication Distribution, Vol: 484, Ankara, Turkey (in Turkish).
• Kadereit, G., E.V. Mavrodiev., E.H. Zacharias and A.P. Sukhorukov. 2010. Molecular phylogeny of Atripliceae (Chenopodioideae, Chenopodiaceae): Implications for systematics, biogeography, flower and fruit evolution, and the origin of C4 photosynthesis. Am. J. Bot. 97: 1664-1687.
• Kadioglu, S., M. Tan., B. Kadioglu and K.K. Sezer. 2022. Determination of the usability of some ethnobotanically used wild plant species as forage crops. Mau. J. Agr. Nat. 2(1): 30- 37 (in Turkish).
• Khalil, J.K., W.N. Sawaya and S.Z. Hyder. 1986. Nutrient composition of Atriplex leaves grown in Saudi Arabia. J. Range Manag. 39(2): 104-107.
• Keskin, B. and S. Temel. 2022. The effects of different sowing and harvest periods on herbage yield and some yield components of mountain spinach (Atriplex nitens schkuhr) grown in rainfed conditions. TURKJANS. 9(2): 340-349 (in Turkish).
• Keskin, B., S. Temel and S. Akbay Tohumcu. 2023. The effects of different sowing times on seed yield and some yield components of mountain spinach grown in arid conditions. J. Inst. Sci. and Tech. 13(2): 1394-1404 (in Turkish).
• Kurt, O., A. Kamalak., A.İ. Atalay., E. Kaya and A.N. Kurt. 2022. Determination of in vitro gas production of some forages and concentrate used in ruminant nutrition. TURKJANS. 9(2): 406-412 (in Turkish).
• Kutlu, H.R., M. Gorgulu and L.B. Celik. 2005. General animal feeding. Lecture notes. Cukurova University Faculty of Agriculture Department of Animal Science Department of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Adana, Türkiye.
• Mandák, B. and P. Pyšek. 2005. How does seed heteromorphism influence the life history stages of Atriplex sagittata (Chenopodiaceae)? Flora. 200(6): 516-526.
• MGM. 2023. Igdir Provincial Directorate of Meteorology. Igdir, Turkiye.
• NRC. 2007. Nutrient requirements of small ruminants: Sheep, Goats, Cervids, and New World Camelids. National Research Council of the National Academies, Washington DC. 362 p.
• Rinchen, T., N. Singh., S.B. Maurya., V. Soni., M. Phour and B. Kumar. 2017. Morphological characterization of indigenous vegetable (Atriplex hortensis L.) from trans-Himalayan region of Ladakh (Jammu and Kashmir), India. Aust. J. Crop Sci. 11(03): 258-263.
• Rivera, D. and J. Parish. 2010. Interpreting forage and feed analysis reports. Publication 2620. Extension Service of Mississippi State University, cooperating with U.S. Department of Agriculture. Published in furtherance of Acts of Congress, May 8 and June 30, 1914. MELISSA J. MIXON, Interim Director (POD-07-10).
• Saleem, A.M., R.M. Bierworth., W. Yang., J. Nyachiro., L. Oatway and T.A. McAllister. 2023. Identifying physical, chemical and biological characteristics to assess grain processing responses of barley as a trait for the selection of feed varieties for cattle. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 297(2023): 115576.
• Sheaffer, C.C., M.A. Peterson., M. Mccalin., J.J. Volene and J.H. Cherney. 1995. Acide detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber concentration and relative feed value. In: North American Alfalfa Improvement Conference, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
• Sobayoglu, R. and A. Topal. 2019. Evaluationof spring sown oat genotypes (Avena sativa L.) in terms of yield and yieldcomponents under Karaman conditions. J. Bahri Dagdas Crop Res. 5(1): 28-34 (in Turkish).
• Tan, M. and S. Temel. 2012. Alternative forages. University of Ataturk, Faculty of Agriculture Press, Publication No: 246, Erzurum (Turkey). p. 195-207 (in Turkish).
• Tan, M. and S. Temel. 2019. Quinoa in every aspect: Importance, use and cultivation. Ankara, Turkey: IKSAD Publishing House, 183 p (in Turkish).
• Temel, I., B. Keskin and S. Temel. 2022a. The Effects of different sowing and harvesting times on hay quality of Mountain spinach (Atriplex nitens) grown in arid conditions. J. Inst. Sci. and Tech. 12(3): 1831-1842.
• Temel, S. and B. Keskin. 2022a. The Effect of different sowing and harvest periods on herbage yield and some yield components in mountain spinach as alternative forage resource. Int. J. Agric. and Wildlife Sci. 8(1): 92-107 (in Turkish).
• Temel, S. and B. Keskin. 2022b. The effect on seed yield and some yield characteristics of different sowing dates in mountain spinach. COMU J. Agric. Fac. 10(2): 405-417 (in Turkish).
• Temel, S., B. Keskin and Z. Guner. 2022b. Change in forage quality of whole plant, leaf and stem according to sowing and harvesting periods in Atriplex nitens Schkuhr grown without fertilizer. Turkish J. Field Crop. 27(2): 208-216.
• Temel, S., B. Keskin and S.A. Tohumcu. 2024. The effect of different ınter-row spacings on seed yield and componenets in atriplex nitens grown under unsoiled and rainfall conditions. J. Inst. Sci. and Tech., 14(1): 458-469 (in Turkish).
• Temel, S. and K. Sahin. 2011. The current situation, problems and suggestions for forage crops in Igdir Province. YYU J. AGR. SCI. 21(1): 64-72 (in Turkish).
• Van Soest, P.J., J.D. Robertson and B.A. Lewis. 1991. Methods for diatery fibre, neutral detergent fibre and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animals nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 74: 3583-3597.
• Yavuz, T., H. Kir and V. Gul. 2020. Evaluation of roughage production potential in Turkey: The case of Kirsehir Province. Turk J Agric Res. 7(3): 345-352 (in Turkish).
• Wright, K.H., O.A. Pike., D.J. Fairbanks and C.S. Huber. 2002. Composition of Atriplex hortensis, Sweet and Bitter Chenopodium quinoa Seeds. J. Food Sci. 67(4): 1383-1385.
• Zhao, Y.L., S.M. Yan., Z. He., U.C. Anele., M.L. Swift., T. Mcallister and W. Yang. 2015. Effects of volume weight, processing method and processing index of barley grain on in situ digestibility of dry matter and starch in beef heifers. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 199: 93-103.