Identification of Morphological Agronomic and Quality Characteristics of Hungarian Vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz.) Mutants

Year 2025, Volume: 30 Issue: 1, 43 - 54, 23.06.2025

Berna Efe , Sabahaddin Ünal , Hacer Mintaş , Erdal Eren Yeler , Mustafa Nalbant

https://doi.org/10.17557/tjfc.1579717

Abstract

Gamma-ray irradiation of seeds is an effective method for creating genetic variation in plant breeding. The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphological, agronomic, and quality characteristics of Hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz.) mutant lines that were obtained through gamma radiation. The experiment was carried out in Gölbaşı-Ankara during the 2019 and 2020 growing seasons according to randomized complete block design with four replications, involving eleven mutant lines and two control cultivars. The mutant lines exhibited a range of outcomes, including both positive and negative effects. However, no significant alterations were observed in the quality characteristics. The TB1007 mutant line demonstrated superior yield and quality, whereas the TB1002 and TB1005 mutant lines only performed well in terms of yield. The highest dry yield were obtained from TB1007 and TB1002, with 425.0 and 419.3 kg da-1, respectively, followed by the cv. Tarm Beyazı-98 and TB1005 mutant, with 391.4 and 390.1 kg da-1, respectively, in 2019. The TB1007 mutant line had the highest amount of digestible protein, with a content of 16.4% in 2019 and 16.7% in 2020, averaging at 16.5%. These lines are suitable for breeding programmes, especially for future studies involving crosses.

Keywords

Breeding studies , gamma ray , mutant lines , mutations , Vicia pannonica Crantz.

Supporting Institution

General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies

Project Number

TAGEM/TBAD/16/A03/P01/004

Thanks

We would like to express our gratitude to the General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies for their invaluable support in the conduct of this research project, which is registered under the following number: TAGEM/TBAD/16/A03/P01/004.

References

• Acikgoz, E. (2021). Forage Crops. Ankara: Republic of Turkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Publication.
• Aggunlu, H. (1999). An Investigation on yield and yield factors of some hungarian vetch cultivars and lines in Isparta ecological conditions. Master’s thesis. Süleyman Demirel University.
• Aksoy, İ., & Nursoy, H. (2010). Determination of the varying of vegetation harvested hungarian vetch and wheat mixture on nutrient content, degradation kinetics, in vitro digestibility and relative feed value. Kafkas University Veterinary Faculty Journal, 16(6), 925-931.
• Aleksieva, A., & Naidevova, G. (2012). A new mutant spring forage vetch line (Vicia sativa ssp. sativa L.) with increased pod number per fertile node. Banat’s Journal of Biotechnology, 3(6), 5.
• Anonymous. (2021). Climate Data for Many Years and 2019-2020. Ankara: General Directorate of Meteorology.
• Artık, C., & Pekşen, E. (2006). The effects of gamma irradiation on seed yield and some plant characteristics of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in M2 generation. Anadolu Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 21(1), 95-104. https://doi.org/10.7161/anajas.2006.21.1.95-104
• Bayar, M., & Cacan, E. (2019). The change of some herbage yield and quality characteristics of Hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz) at harvested in different times. I. International Harran Multidisciplinary Studies Congress. Şanlıurfa.
• Bingöl, N.T., Karsli, M.A., Yilmaz, I.H., & Bolat, D. (2007). The effects of planting time and combination on the nutrient composition and digestible dry matter yield of four mixtures of vetch varieties intercropped with barley. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 31(5), 297-302.
• Cacan, E., Aydın, A., & Basbag, M. (2015). Determination of quality charecteristics of some grasses forage crops in Bingöl university campus. Turkish Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences, 2(1), 105-111.
• Cacan, E., & Yılmaz, Ş. (2015). Effects on hay yield and quality of different Hungarian vetch + wheat mixture ratio in Bingol conditions. Turkish Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences, 2(3), 290-296.
• Cebeci, H. (2017). Effect of Different Phosphorus Fertilizer Doses on Seed Yield and Yield Components in Some Hungarian Vetch (Vicia Pannonica Crantz.) Varieties. PhD diss., Ankara University.
• Chaudhary, J., Deshmukh, R., & Sonah, H. (2019). Mutagenesis approaches and their role in crop improvement. Plants, 8(11), 467. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8110467
• Cimen, B., Yesiloglu, T., İncesu, M., Yılmaz, B., & Tuzcu, Ö. (2019). Evaluation of robinson mutant population derived by gamma irradiation. Journal of Agriculture Faculty of Ege University, 56(3),375-381. https://doi.org/10.20289/zfdergi.526322
• De la Rosa, L., Zambrana, E., &Ramirez-Parra, E. (2020). Molecular bases for drought tolerance in common vetch: designing new molecular breeding tools. BMC plant biology, 20, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-020-2267-z
• Efe, B., & Unal, S. (2017). Effect of different gamma ray doses on some quantitative characteristics in the Hungarian vetch varieties. Journal of Agriculture and Nature, 20, 135-143. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksudobil.349182
• Elvan, H. (2019). Determınatıon of Feed Value of Some Hungarian Vetch Lines. Master’s thesis, Namık Kemal University.
• Erdogdu, İ., Sever, A.L., & Atalay, A.K. (2016). Forage and seed yields of Hungarian vetch lines and varieties under Eskişehir ecological conditions. Journal of Field Crops Central Research Institute, 25(2), 230-234.
• Ergun, N., Akdoğan, G., Unver İkincikarakaya, S., & Aydoğan, S. (2023). Determination of optimum gamma ray irradiation doses for hulless barley (Hordeum vulgare var. nudum L. Hook. f.) genotypes. Yuzuncu Yil University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 33(2), 219-230. https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.1248710
• Erkovan, Ş. (2022). Row seeding configuration regulates yield, quality and competition in common vetch (Vicia sativa L.)- sudangrass (Sorghum sudanense (Piper.) Stapf.) mixture. Turkish Journal of Field Crops, 27(1), 87-94. https://doi.org/10.17557/tjfc.1056749
• Ertekin, İ., Atış, İ., & Yılmaz, Ş. (2020). The effects of different organic fertilizers on forage yield and quality of some vetch species. Mustafa Kemal University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 25(2), 243-255. https://doi.org/10.37908/mkutbd.739805
• Eviz, Ş. (2016). Winter Compliance with Siirt Requirements Some Hunger (Vicia pannonica Crantz) Genotiplerin Determination of Efficiency and Efficiency Components. Master’s thesis, Siirt University.
• Fang, C.Q., Wang, C.T., Wang, P.W., Tang, Y.Y., Wang, X.Z., Cui, F.G., & Yu, S.L. (2012). Identification of a novel mutation in FAD2B from a peanut EMS mutant with elevated oleate content. Journal of Oleo Science, 61(3), 143-8. https://doi.org/10.5650/jos.61.143
• Guzelogulları, E., &Albayrak, S. (2016). The effects of different sowing and harvest times on forage yield and quality of some vetch (Vicia spp.) species under Isparta ecological conditions. Journal of Field Crops Central Research Institute, 25(2), 158- 165.
• Hashalıcı, S., Uzun, S., Ozaktan, H., & Kaplan, M. (2017). Determination of forage yield and quality of some Hungarian vetch cultivars at Kayseri arid conditions. Journal of The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Erciyes University, 14(3), 113-123.
• Kara, İ. (2013). Cahanging of Dry Matter Yield and Forage Quality of Common Vetch Hungarian Vetch and Forage Pea Harvested in Different Growth Stages. Master’s thesis, Atatürk University.
• Karim, K.M.R., Islam, A.K.M.R., Hossain, M.M., Azad, H.M.S., & Rahman, M.W. (2008). Effect of Gamma Rays on Yield and Yield Attributes of Large Seeded Chickpea. Journal of Soil and Nature, 2(2), 19-24.
• Koç, Y.E. (2020). Determination of Genotype-Environmental Interaction of Hungarian Vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz.). Master’s thesis, Eskisehir Osmangazi University.
• Kusvuran, A., Kaplan, M., & Nazlı, R. I. (2014). Effects of mixture ratio and row spacing in Hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica crantz.) and annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) intercropping system on yield and quality under semiarid climate conditions. Turkish Journal of Field Crops, 19 (1), 118-128.
• Maluszynski, M., Nichterlein, L., Zanten, V., & Ahloowalia, B.S. (2000). Officially Released Mutant Varieties. The FAO/IAEA DATABASE. August 02, 2024.
• Micke, A. (1993). Mutation breeding of grain legumes. Plant and Soil, 152, 81-85. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00016335
• Mikić A., Mihailović, V., Karagić, Đ., Milošević, B., Milić, D., Vasiljević, S., Katanski, S., & Živanov, D. (2019). Common vetch (Vicia sativa) multi-podded mutants for enhanced commercial seed production. Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding, 180(1), 78-81. https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2019-1-78-81
• Naydenova, G.K., & Aleksieva, A.K. (2014). Phenotypic performance and genotypic variance for reproductive characteristics in Hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz). Romanian Agricultural Research, 31, 69-74.
• Ogutcen, E., Pandey, A., Khan, M.K., Marques, E.R., Penmetsa, V., Kahraman, A. & Von Wettberg. Eric, J.B. (2018). Pod shattering: a homologous series of variation underlying domestication and an avenue for crop improvement. Agronomy, 8(8), 137. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy8080137
• Renzi, J.P., Chantre, G.R., Smýkal, P., Presotto, A.D., Zubiaga, L., Garayalde, A.F., & Cantamutto, M.A. (2020). Diversity of naturalized hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) populations in central Argentina as a source of potential adaptive traits for breeding. Frontiers in Plant Science, 11, 189. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.00189
• Sabancı, C.O., & Ayrancı, R. (2015). Plant Breeding. Kırşehir: Ahi Evran University Faculty of Agricuture Publishing. Sagel, Z., Tutluer, M., & Peskircioglu, H. (1994). Mutations in plant breedıng. Journal of Field Crops Central Research Institute, 3: 1-2.
• Sari, N., Ridwan, R., Fidriyanto, R., Astuti, W.D., & Widyastuti, Y. (2018). Characteristic of different level of fermented concentrate in the rumen metabolism based on in vitro. Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture, 43(3), 296- 305. https://doi.org/10.14710/jitaa.43.3.296-305
• Sattler, S.E., Saballos, A., Xin, Z., Funnell-Harris, D.L., Vermerris, W., & Pedersen, J.F. (2014). characterization of novel sorghum brown midrib mutants from an EMS-Mutagenized population. G3: Genes. Genomes. Genetics, 4(11), 2115-2124. https://doi.org/10.1534/g3.114.014001
• Sayar, M. S., Karahan, H., Han, Y., Tekdal, S., & Basbag, M. (2012). Determination of forage yield, its affecting components and relationships among traits of some Hungarian Vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz.) genotypes in Kızıltepe ecological conditions. International Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences, 5(2), 126-130.
• Sayar, M.S. (2014). Determination of forage yield performance and the possibilities at entering crop rotation system for some annual forage legumes species in ecological conditions of Cınar district. Dicle University Journal of the Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, 3(1), 19-28.
• Seydosoglu, S. (2014). Determination of Yield and Yield Components of Some Hungarian Vetch Genotype in Diyarbakir Ecological Conditions. Türk Doğa ve Fen Dergisi, 3(1), 49-54.
• Sahin-Demirbag, N., Kendir, H., Khawar, K.M., & Aasim, M. (2008). In vitro plant regeneration from Hungarian vetch (Vicia Pannonica Crantz) using cotyledonary node explants. Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 22(4), 929–932. https://doi.org/10.1080/13102818.2008.10817581
• Sarsu, F., Bimpong, I.K., & Jankuloski, L. (2020). Contribution of induced mutation in crops to global food security. ACI Avances en Ciencias e Ingenierías, 12(3), 10-10. https://doi.org/10.18272/aci.v12i3.2031
• Shi, H., Geng, B., Zhao, Y., Liu, Y., Huang, R., Zhao, P., & Guo, Z. (2020). EMS‐Induced mutations in common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) and two mutants without anthocyanin accumulation showing increased cold tolerance. Grassland Science, 67(2),148- 155 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/grs.12301
• Sehirali, S., & Ozgen, M. (2007). Plant Breeding. Ankara: Ankara University Faculty of Agricuture Publishing. Tankus, H. (2020). Determination of Agricultural Characteristics in Variant Harvest (Vicia sativa L.), Hungary Fee (Vicia pannonica Crantz.) and Feed Pea (Pisum sativum L.). Master’s Thesis, Harran University.
• TSMS. (2021). Climate data for many years, 2019 and 2020. Turkish State Meteorological Service, Ankara.
• Ucar, R., Ekmekci, M., Cacan, E., Ozdemir, S., Kökten, K., Kutlu, M.A., & Mokhtarzadeh, S. (2022). Evaluation of Hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz) varieties in terms of straw yield and straw quality. ADYUTAYAM. 10(1), 75-82.
• Unal, S., Mutlu, Z., & Fırıncıoğlu, H.K. (2011). Performances of some winter Hungarian vetch accessions (Vicia pannonica crantz.) on the highlands of Turkiye. Turkish Journal of Field Crops 16(1), 1-8.
• Uzun, A., Bilgili, U., Sincik, M., & Acikgoz, E. (2004). Effects of seeding rates on yield and yield components of Hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz.). Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 28(3), 179-182.
• Zhang, X., & Mosjidis, J.A. (1998). Rapid prediction of mating system of Vicia species. Crop Science, 38(3), 872-875. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1998.0011183X003800030041x