Bone Marrow Metastasis of Rhabdomyosarcoma Mimicking Acute Leukemia:A Case Report

Abstract

Rhabdomyosarcoma caused bone marrow metastasis cases are among the rarest cases reported in the literature. Similar to the cases reported in the literature, the clinical presentation of our patient mimicked acute leukemia, and the leukoerythroblastosis in the peripheral smear test and the cytopenia in the hemogram raised suspicion of hematological malignancy initially.1,2 The diagnosis made by immunohistochemical staining in biopsy. The primary tumor field could not be detected in the radiological imaging, and it was determined by rhinoscopy evaluation performed upon patient's anosmia and epistaxis complaints. Here, we reported a case in which we were diagnosed with acute leukemia at admission but later diagnosed as a primary malignancy that metastasized.

Keywords

• rhabdomyosarcoma
• bone marrow metastasis
• bone marrow infiltration

References

1. Hayashi Y, Kikuchi F, Oka T, Itoyama S, Mohri N, Usuki K, Takaku F, Murakami T, Saitoh Y, Urano Y. Rhabdomyosarcoma with bone marrow metastasis simulating acute leukemia. Report of two cases. Acta Pathol Jpn. 1988 Jun;38(6):789-98. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.1988.tb02350.x. PMID: 3218518.
2. Imataki O, Uemura M, Uchida S, Yokokura S, Takeuchi A, Ishikawa R, Kondo A, Seo K, Kadowaki N. Complete mimicry: a case of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma masquerading as acute leukemia. Diagn Pathol. 2017 Nov 2;12(1):77. doi: 10.1186/s13000-017-0667-7. PMID: 29096655; PMCID: PMC5669030.