ORTA ANADOLU KURU KOŞULLARINDA KIŞLIK VE YAZLIK OLARAK EKİLEN ARPA’DA FARKLI GELİŞME DÖNEMLERİNE AİT AZOT ALIMLARININ N-15 TEKNİĞİ İLE İNCELENMESİ

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 31 Sayı: 1, 1 - 13, 26.06.2019

Ali İbrahim Akın

Öz

Orta
Anadolu kuru koşullarında kışlık ve yazlık olarak yetiştirilen arpa (Hordeum vulgare) bitkisinin farklı
büyüme dönemlerinde, H₁: başaklanma, H₂: dane dolum ve H₃:
hasat’a ait verim, N-15 alımları ve gübre kullanma randıman değerlerini
belirlemek amacıyla bir tarla denemesi kurulmuştur. Deneme tesadüf blokları
deneme desenine göre bölünmüş parseller olarak 4 tekrarlı kurulmuştur. Kışlık
arpa Ekim’de ve yazlık arpa Mart’ta, ekim oranı 200.0 kg/ha ve sıra arası 20.0
cm olarak ekilmiştir. Kışlık arpa’ya 40.0 kgN/ha hesabıyla 3.02 % N-15 atom
excess ve yazlık arpa’ya 40.0 kgN/ha hesabıyla 2.80 % N-15 atom excess’lik
amonyum sülfat gübresi uygulanmıştır. Bitki örnekleri farklı gelişme
dönemlerinde hasat edildi ve toplam azot
analizleri Kjeldahl metodu ile ve % N-15 atom excess analizleri N-15 emisyon
spektrometresi ile yapılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlarda kışlık arpanın kuru
madde verimleri (dane+sap), N-15 alımı ve N kullanma randımanı değerlerinin yazlık
arpa’dan yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. En yüksek N-15 alımı ve N kullanma
randımanı değerleri dane dolum döneminde bulunmuştur. Hasat döneminde ortalama
azot kullanma randımanı değerleri kışlık ve yazlık arpa için sırasıyla % 66.0
ve % 24.1 bulunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

N-15 izotop tekniği, azot kullanma randımanı, farklı gelişme dönemleri, arpa

THE INVESTIGATION ON NITROGEN UPTAKE AT DIFFERENT GROWING STAGES OF WINTER AND SUMMER CULTIVATED BARLEY UNDER DRYLAND CENTRAL ANATOLIA CONDITIONS USING N-15 ISOTOPE TECHNIQUE

Öz

In order
to determine the yield, N-15 uptake and nitrogen use efficiency values at the
different growing stages which were H₁: heading, H₂: grain
filling and H₃:
harvesting stages of winter and summer cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare) under dryland Central Anatolia, a field experiment
was carried out. Experiments were conducted using randomized block design as
split plot for 4 replications. Winter barley was sown in October and summer
barley was in March as 200.0 kg/ha sowing rate and 20.0 cm row spacing. For
winter barley 40.0 kgN/ha as 3.02 % N-15 atom excess and for summer barley 40.0
kgN/ha as 2.80 % N-15 atom excess ammonium sulphate fertilizer were applied.
Plant samples were harvested at different growth stages and total nitrogen
using by Kjeldahl method and % N-15 atom excess using by emission spectrometer
analyses were done. Obtained results showed that the winter barley had higher
dry matter yields (seed+straw), N-15 uptake and N-use efficiency values than
summer barley. The highest amount of N-15 uptake and N-use efficiency were
found at the grain filling stage. The average of nitrogen use efficiency values
were found 66.0 and 24.1 % for winter and summer barley at harvesting stages,
respectively.

Anahtar Kelimeler

N-15 isotope technique, nitrogen use efficiency, different growing stages, barley

Kaynakça

• Anonymous, (1990). Training Course Series No.2. Use of nuclear techniques in studies of soil-plant relationships. International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna.
• Anderson, W.K. (2010). Closing the gap between actual and potential yield of rainfed wheat. The impacts of environment, management and cultivar. Field Crop Research 116, 14-22.
• Basso, B., Ritchie, J.T., Cammarano, D., Sartori, L., (2011b). A strategic and tactical management approach to select optimal N fertilizer rates for wheat in a spatially variable field. European Journal of Agronomy 35, 215–222.
• Basso, B., Cammarano, D., Fiorentino, C. and Ritchie, J. T., (2013). Wheat yield response to spatially variable nitrogen fertilizer in Mediterranean environment. Europ. J. Agronomy 51, pp 65– 70.
• Faust H., (1981). Training Manual: Interregional Training Course on the use of N-15 in soil science and plant nutrition, Zentralinstitut für Isotopen und Strahlenforschung, Leipzig.
• Halitligil, M. B., Akın, A., Bilgin, N., Deniz, Y., Öğretir, K., Altınel, B. and Işık, Y., (2000). Effect of nitrogen fertilization on yield and nitrogen and water use efficiencies of winter wheat (durum and bread) varieties grown under conditions found in Central Anatolia. Springer-Verlag 2000. Biol. Fertil. Soils 31: 175-182.
• Mulla, D.J., Bhatti, A.U., Hammond, M.W., Benson, J.A., (1992). A comparison of winter wheat yield and quality under uniform versus spatially variable fertilizer management. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 38, 301-11.
• Nielsen, D.C., Vigil, M.F., Anderson, R.L., Bowman, R.A., Benjamin, J.G., Halvorson, A.D., (2002). Cropping system influence on planting water content and yield of winter wheat. Agronomy Journal 94, 962–967.
• Olson, R.V. and Swallow, C.W., (1984). Fate of labelled nitrogen fertilizer applied to winter wheat for five years. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 49: 583-592.
• Sadras, V.O., Lawson, C., Hooper, P., McDonald, G., (2012). Contribution of summer rainfall and nitrogen to the yield and water use efficiency of wheat in Mediterranean-type environments of South Australia. European Journal of Agronomy 36, 41–54.
• Saseendran, S.A., Nielsen, D.C., Ma, L., Ahuja, L.R., Halvorson, A.D., (2004). Modelling nitrogen management effects on winter wheat production using RZWQM and CERES-wheat. Agronomy Journal 96, 615–630.
• Thorup-Kristensen, K., Cortasa, M.S., Loges, R., (2009). Winter wheat roots grow twice as deep as spring wheat roots, is this important for N uptake and N leaching losses. Plant Soil 322, 101-114.
• Vos, G. J. M., Duquet, B., Vedy, J. C.and Neyroud, J.A., (1993). The course of 15N-ammonium nitrate in a spring barley cropping system. Plant and Soil Volume 150, Issue 2, pp 167–175.