TİPİK GELİŞİM GÖSTEREN ÇOCUKLARDA DÖRT KARE ADIM TESTİNİN GEÇERLİK VE GÜVENİRLİĞİ

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 31 Sayı: 3, 240 - 246, 17.12.2020

Emine Handan Tüzün , Levent Eker Selma Uzuner Buse Sezerel Hayriye Tomaç Serpil Mıhçıoğlu Wayne Dite

https://doi.org/10.21653/tjpr.602661

Cited By: 2

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, tipik gelişim gösteren çocuklarda dört kare adım testinin (FSST) güvenirlik ve geçerliğini ve FSST ve süreli kalk yürü testi (TUG) ile arasındaki uyum düzeyini değerlendirmekti. Yöntem: 5-10 yaş arası 150 çocuk iki değerlendirici tarafından ardışık iki günde değerlendirildi. Eş zamanlı ve ayırt edici geçerlikler belirlendi. Değerlendirici içi ve değerlendiriciler arası güvenirliği değerlendirmek için, sınıf-içi korelasyon katsayısı (ICC) kullanıldı. İki değerlendirici tarafından yapılan ölçümler ve FSST ve TUG arasındaki uyumu değerlendirmek için Bland-Altman grafiği ve analizi yapıldı. Sonuçlar: FSST ve TUG kuvvetli şekilde ilişkiliydi (r=0,685, p=0,001). FSST, çocukları yaş gruplarına göre ayırt edebildi (p=0,001). ICC2.1 ve ICC2.2 tahminleri sırasıyla 0,86 ve 0,81'di. İki değerlendiricinin değerlendirmeleri için, Bland-Altman grafiği, tüm değerlerin % 95'lik uyum limitleri içinde olduğunu gösterdi. Yanlılık -0,12±0,50 olarak hesaplandı. Veri noktalarının % 96'sı FSST ve TUG skorları için ortalama farkın ±1,96 standart sapması içindeydi. Yanlılık 0,47±0,80 olarak hesaplandı. Tartışma: FSST, tipik gelişim gösteren çocuklarda dinamik dengeyi değerlendirmek için geçerli ve güvenilir bir testtir. Bununla birlikte, FSST, TUG testinin yerine kullanılamaz.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Denge, Çocuk, Güvenirlilik, Geçerlilik

Destekleyen Kurum

Yok

Proje Numarası

ETK00-2018-0252

VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF THE FOUR SQUARE STEP TEST IN TYPICALLY DEVELOPED CHILDREN

Öz

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and the validity of the four square step test (FSST), and level of agreement between the FSST and the timed up and go test (TUG) in typically developed children. Methods: Two raters assessed 150 children aged 5 to 10 years in two consecutive days. Concurrent and discriminative validities were determined. To evaluate the intra- and inter-rater reliability, the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was used. The Bland-Altman plot and analysis were performed to evaluate the agreement between the measurements obtained by two raters and by the FSST and TUG. Results: The FSST and TUG scores were strongly correlated (r=0.685, p=0.001). The FSST was able to distinguish between children by age groups (p=0.001). The ICC2.1 and ICC2.2 estimates were 0.86 and 0.81, respectively. For the assessments of two raters, the Bland-Altman plot showed that all values fell within 95% limits of agreement. Bias was calculated as -0.12±0.50. The 96% of the data points were within the ±1.96 SD of the mean difference for the FSST and TUG scores. Bias was calculated as 0.47±0.80. Conclusion: The FSST is a valid and reliable test to assess the dynamic balance of typically developed children. However, the FSST cannot be substituted for the TUG.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Balance, Children, Reliability, Validity

Proje Numarası

ETK00-2018-0252

Kaynakça

• References
• 1. Shumway-Cook A, McCollum G. Assessment and treatment of balance deficits. In: Montgomery PC, Connolly BH eds. Motor Control and Physical Therapy: Theoretical Framework and Practical Application, Hixson: Chattanooga Group; 1991.
• 2. Huxham FE, Goldie PA, Patla AE. Theoretical considerations in balance assessment. Aust J Physiother.2001;47(2):89-100.
• 3. Medical Dictionary for the Health Professions and Nursing. 2012. https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/dynamic+balance. Accessed October 20, 2018.
• 4. Logan SW, Feldner HA, Galloway JC, Huang HH. Modified ride-on car use children with complex medical needs. Pediatr Phys Ther.2016;28(1):100-7.
• 5. Emery A, Cassidy JD, Klassen T, Rosychuk R, Rowe B. Development of a clinical static and dynamic standing balance measurement tool appropriate for use in adolescents. Phys Ther.2005;85(6):502-14.
• 6. Verbecque E, Lobo Da Costa PH, Vereeck L, Hallemans A. Psychometric properties of functional balance tests in children: a literature review. Dev Med Child Neurol.2015; 57(6):521-9.
• 7. Dite W, Temple VA. A clinical test of stepping and change of direction to identify multiple falling older adults. Arch Phys Med Rehabil.2002; 83(11): 1566-71.
• 8. Verma A, Samuel AJ, Aranha VP. The Four square step test in children with Down syndrome: Reliability and concurrent validity. J Pediatr Neurosci.2014;9(3):221-6.
• 9. Bandong ANJ, Madriaga GO, Gorgon EJR. Reliability and validity of the Four square step test in children with cerebral palsy and Down syndrome. Res Dev Disabil.2015;47: 39-47.
• 10. Salis JS, Samuel AJ. Four square step test in children with typical development: test-retest and inter rater reliability-A pilot study. Physioaccord 2014-National Physiotherapy Conference, January 17-18, 2014, Bangalore, India.
• 11. Leizerowitz G, Katz-Leurer M. Feasibility, stability, and validity of four square step test in typically developed children and children with brain damage. Brain Inj.2017;31(10):1356-61.
• 12. Walter SD, Eliasziw M, Donner A. Sample size and optimal designs for reliability studies. Stat Med.1998;17(1):101-10.
• 13. Williams EN, Carroll SG, Reddihough DS, Phillips BA, Galea MP. Investigation of the timed ‘Up & Go’ test in children. Dev Med Child Neurol.2005;47(8):518-24.
• 14. Evans JD. Straightforward statistics for the behavioral sciences. California: Pacific Grove; 1996.
• 15. Largo RH, Caflisch JA, Hug F, et al. Neuromotor development from 5 to 18 years. Part 1: timed performance. Dev Med Child Neurol.2001;43(7):436-43.
• 16. Butz SM, Sweeney JK, Roberts PL, Rauh MJ. Relationships among age, gender, anthropometric characteristics, and dynamic balance in children 5 to 12 years old. Pediatr Phys Ther.2015;27(2):126-33.
• 17. Koo TK, Li MY. A Guideline of Selecting and Reporting Intraclass Correlation Coefficients for Reliability Research. J Chiropr Med.2016;15(2):155-63.
• 18. McGraw KO, Wong SP. Forming inferences about some intraclass correlation coefficients. Psychol Methods. 1996;1(1):30-46.
• 19. Bland JM, Altman DG. Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement. Lancet.1986;1(8476):307-10.
• 20. Hsu YS, Kuan CC, Young YH. Assessing the development of balance function in children using stabilometry. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol.2009;73(5):737-40.
• 21. D’Hondt E, Deforche B, Bourdeaudhuij I, et al. Postural balance under normal and altered sensory conditions in normal-weight and overweight children. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon).2011;26(1): 84-9.
• 22. Cumberworth VL, Patel NN, Rogers W, Kenyon GS. The maturation of balance in children. J Laryngol Otol.2006;121(5):449-54.
• 23. Steindl R, Kunz K, Schrott-Fischer A, Scholtz AW. Effect of age and sex on maturation of sensory systems and balance control. Dev Med Child Neurol.2006;48(6):477-82.
• 24. Lonescu E, Morlet T, Froehlich P, Ferber-Viart C. Vestibular assessment with Balance Quest: Normative data for children and young adults. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2006;70(8):1457-65.