WHOLE-BODY VIBRATION EFFECT ON MUSCLE ACTIVATIONS: WHICH ONE IS THE MOST EFFECTIVE, LOW FREQUENCY OR HIGH FREQUENCY?

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 35 Sayı: 1, 66 - 72, 20.04.2024

Zeynep Berfu Ecemiş , Ömer Burak Tor , Gamze Çobanoğlu , Sinem Suner-keklik , Nihan Kafa , Nevin Atalay Güzel

https://doi.org/10.21653/tjpr.1141023

Öz

Purpose: Whole Body Vibration (WBV) is a practice that passively applies mechanical oscillations to an individual from a support surface. The tonic vibration reflex response depends on the vibration localization, frequency, amplitude, and initial length of the muscle, but there is no consensus on what the optimal frequency should be. This study was conducted to examine the activation differences of lower extremity muscles at low and high frequencies during squat exercise on WBV.
Methods: This study involved 16 healthy individuals (Age = 23.66 ± 2.33 years, Body Mass Index= 22.59 ± 3.86 kg/m2). WBV application was performed on a vertical vibration platform (GLOBUS Physioplate®). Participants performed static half-squats on WBV for 20 seconds under vibrating (20 Hz and 60 Hz; 2-3 mm amplitude) conditions. An 8-channel Electromyography (EMG) Noraxon MiniDTS system was used to measure the activation of the Gluteus Medius (GMed), Gluteus Maximus (GMax), Vastus Lateralis (VL), and Vastus Medialis (VM) muscles.
Results: It was observed that there was a difference between the two frequencies for the activation of the VM, VL, and GMed muscles (p = 0.004, 0.001, 0.002, respectively). Vibration frequencies of GMed, VL, and VM muscle activities at high frequency were increased compared to low frequency. GMax did not show any statistically significant change between the two vibration conditions (p=0.013).
Conclusions: Physiotherapists and trainers should prefer high frequencies in WBV applications, especially when they need to improve the neuromuscular response in the quadriceps and gluteus medius muscles.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Electromyography, Whole-Body Vibration, Frequency, lower extremity

TÜM VÜCUT VİBRASYONUN KAS AKTİVASYONLARINA ETKİSİ: HANGİSİ EN ETKİLİ, DÜŞÜK FREKANS MI YÜKSEK FREKANS MI?

Öz

Amaç: Tüm Vücut Vibrasyon (TVV), kişiye bir destek yüzeyinden pasif olarak mekanik salınımlar uygular. Tonik vibrasyon refleksi yanıtı, vibrasyon lokalizasyonuna, frekansına, amplitüdüne ve kasın başlangıç uzunluğuna bağlıdır, ancak optimal frekansın ne olması gerektiği konusunda bir fikir birliği yoktur. Bu çalışma, TVV'de yapılan squat egzersizi sırasında alt ekstremite kaslarının düşük ve yüksek frekanslardaki aktivasyon farklılıklarını incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Yöntem: Bu çalışmaya 16 sağlıklı birey dahil edildi (Yaş = 23,66 ± 2,33 yıl, Vücut Kitle İndeksi = 22,59 ± 3,86 kg/m2). TVV uygulaması, vertikal vibrasyon platformunda (GLOBUS Physioplate®) gerçekleştirildi. Katılımcılar düşük amplitüdte (2-3 mm) 20 Hz ve 60 Hz’lik vibrasyon durumlarında TVV üzerinde 20 saniye boyunca statik half-squat yaptılar. Gluteus Medius (GMed), Gluteus Maximus (GMax), Vastus Lateralis (VL) ve Vastus Medialis (VM) kaslarının aktivasyonunu ölçmek için 8 kanallı Elektromiyografi (EMG) Noraxon MiniDTS sistemi kullanıldı.
Sonuçlar: VM, VL, GMed kaslarının aktivasyonu için iki frekans arasında fark olduğu gözlendi (sırasıyla p = 0,004; 0,001; 0,002). Çalışmamız, yüksek frekanstaki GMed, VL ve VM kas aktivitelerinin titreşim frekanslarının düşük frekansa göre arttığını göstermektedir. Gmax kas aktivitesinde iki frekans arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmadı (p=0,013).
Tartışma: Fizyoterapistler ve antrenörler TVV uygulamalarında, özellikle quadriceps ve gluteus medius kaslarında nöromusküler yanıtı geliştirmeye ihtiyaç duyduklarında yüksek frekansları tercih etmelidirler.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Elektromyografi, Frekans, Tüm Vücut Vibrasyon, alt ekstiremite

Kaynakça

• 1. Rittweger J. Vibration as an exercise modality: how it may work, and what its potential might be. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2010;108(5):877-904.
• 2. Duchateau J, Enoka RM. Neural adaptations with chronic activity patterns in able-bodied humans. American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation. 2002;81(11 Suppl):S17-27.
• 3. Cardinale M, Bosco C. The use of vibration as an exercise intervention. Exercise and sport sciences reviews. 2003;31(1):3-7.
• 4. Krause A, Gollhofer A, Freyler K, Jablonka L, Ritzmann R. Acute corticospinal and spinal modulation after whole body vibration. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2016;16(4):327-38.
• 5. Pujari AN, Neilson RD, Cardinale M. Effects of different vibration frequencies, amplitudes and contraction levels on lower limb muscles during graded isometric contractions superimposed on whole body vibration stimulation. J Rehabil Assist Technol Eng. 2019;6:2055668319827466-.
• 6. Bergmann G, Kutzner I, Bender A, Dymke J, Trepczynski A, Duda GN, et al. Loading of the hip and knee joints during whole body vibration training. Plos one. 2018;13(12):e0207014.
• 7. Xu L, Rabotti C, Mischi M. Analysis of Vibration Exercise at Varying Frequencies by Different Fatigue Estimators. IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. 2016;24(12):1284-93.
• 8. Perchthaler D, Horstmann T, Grau S. Variations in neuromuscular activity of thigh muscles during whole-body vibration in consideration of different biomechanical variables. J Sports Sci Med. 2013;12(3):439-46.
• 9. Hazell TJ, Jakobi JM, Kenno KA. The effects of whole-body vibration on upper- and lower-body EMG during static and dynamic contractions. Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme. 2007;32(6):1156-63.
• 10. Abercromby AF, Amonette WE, Layne CS, McFarlin BK, Hinman MR, Paloski WH. Variation in neuromuscular responses during acute whole-body vibration exercise. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2007;39(9):1642-50.
• 11. Simsek D. Different fatigue-resistant leg muscles and EMG response during whole-body vibration. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology. 2017;37:147-54.
• 12. Ritzmann R, Gollhofer A, Kramer A. The influence of vibration type, frequency, body position and additional load on the neuromuscular activity during whole body vibration. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2013;113(1):1-11.
• 13. Distefano LJ, Blackburn JT, Marshall SW, Padua DA. Gluteal muscle activation during common therapeutic exercises. The Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapy. 2009;39(7):532-40.
• 14. Escamilla RF, Fleisig GS, Zheng N, Lander JE, Barrentine SW, Andrews JR, et al. Effects of technique variations on knee biomechanics during the squat and leg press. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2001;33(9):1552-66.
• 15. Schoenfeld BJ. Squatting kinematics and kinetics and their application to exercise performance. Journal of strength and conditioning research. 2010;24(12):3497-506.
• 16. Felicio LR, de Carvalho CAM, Dias CLCA, dos Santos Vigário P. Electromyographic activity of the quadriceps and gluteus medius muscles during/different straight leg raise and squat exercises in women with patellofemoral pain syndrome. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology. 2019;48:17-23.
• 17. Krol P, Piecha M, Slomka K, Sobota G, Polak A, Juras G. The effect of whole-body vibration frequency and amplitude on the myoelectric activity of vastus medialis and vastus lateralis. Journal of sports science & medicine. 2011;10(1):169.
• 18. Duc S, Munera M, Chiementin X, Bertucci W. Effect of vibration frequency and angle knee flexion on muscular activity and transmissibility function during static whole body vibration exercise. Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering. 2014;17(S1):116-7.
• 19. Tor ÖB, Ecemiş ZB, Çobanoğlu G, Suner-Keklik S, Kafa N, Soylu R, et al. What is the Optimal Frequency for Ankle Muscles During Whole-Body Vibration Exercises? International Journal of Applied Exercise Physiology. 2019;8(3):40-8.
• 20. Merletti R, Hermens H. Introduction to the special issue on the SENIAM European Concerted Action. Journal of electromyography and kinesiology : official journal of the International Society of Electrophysiological Kinesiology. 2000;10:283-6.
• 21. Sebik O, Karacan I, Cidem M, Türker KS. Rectification of SEMG as a tool to demonstrate synchronous motor unit activity during vibration. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology. 2013;23(2):275-84.
• 22. Di Giminiani R, Masedu F, Tihanyi J, Scrimaglio R, Valenti M. The interaction between body position and vibration frequency on acute response to whole body vibration. Journal of electromyography and kinesiology : official journal of the International Society of Electrophysiological Kinesiology. 2013;23(1):245-51.
• 23. Matthews PB. The reflex excitation of the soleus muscle of the decerebrate cat caused by vibbration applied to its tendon. J Physiol. 1966;184(2):450-72.
• 24. Lienhard K, Vienneau J, Nigg S, Meste O, Colson SS, Nigg BM. Relationship Between Lower Limb Muscle Activity and Platform Acceleration During Whole-Body Vibration Exercise. J Strength Cond Res. 2015;29(10):2844-53.
• 25. Pollock RD, Woledge RC, Mills KR, Martin FC, Newham DJ. Muscle activity and acceleration during whole body vibration: effect of frequency and amplitude. Clinical biomechanics. 2010;25(8):840-6.
• 26. Cardinale M, Lim J. Electromyography activity of vastus lateralis muscle during whole-body vibrations of different frequencies. J Strength Cond Res. 2003;17(3):621-4.
• 27. Roelants M, Verschueren SM, Delecluse C, Levin O, Stijnen V. Whole-body-vibration-induced increase in leg muscle activity during different squat exercises. Journal of strength and conditioning research. 2006;20(1):124.
• 28. Kim J-H, Seo H-J. Influence of pelvic position and vibration frequency on muscle activation during whole body vibration in quiet standing. Journal of physical therapy science. 2015;27(4):1055-8.
• 29. Zaidell LN, Pollock RD, James DC, Bowtell JL, Newham DJ, Sumners DP, et al. Lower body acceleration and muscular responses to rotational and vertical whole-body vibration at different frequencies and amplitudes. Dose-Response. 2019;17(1):1559325818819946.
• 30. Macadam P, Cronin J, Contreras B. An examination of the gluteal muscle activity associated with dynamic hip abduction and hip external rotation exercise: a systematic review. International journal of sports physical therapy. 2015;10(5):573.
• 31. Lienhard K, Cabasson A, Meste O, Colson SS. Comparison of sEMG processing methods during whole-body vibration exercise. Journal of electromyography and kinesiology : official journal of the International Society of Electrophysiological Kinesiology. 2015;25(6):833-40.
• 32. Borges DT, Macedo LB, Lins CAA, Sousa CO, Brasileiro JS. Effects of Whole Body Vibration on the Neuromuscular Amplitude of Vastus Lateralis Muscle. J Sports Sci Med. 2017;16(3):414-20.
• 33. Robbins D, Goss-Sampson M. The influence of whole body vibration on the plantarflexors during heel raise exercise. Journal of electromyography and kinesiology : official journal of the International Society of Electrophysiological Kinesiology. 2012;23.
• 34. Xu L, Rabotti C, Mischi M. On the nature of the electromyographic signals recorded during vibration exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2015;115(5):1095-106.