SANAL GERÇEKLİK EĞİTİMİNİN OBEZ ÇOCUKLARDA DENGE VE HIZ-ÇEVİKLİK ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ: RANDOMİZE KONTROLLÜ ÇALIŞMA

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 35 Sayı: 1, 45 - 55, 20.04.2024

Hayriye Tomaç Emine Handan Tüzün Levent Eker

https://doi.org/10.21653/tjpr.1237822

Öz

Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı, obez çocuklarda sanal gerçeklik eğitiminin denge ve hız-çeviklik üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektir.
Yöntemler: Çalışmaya 9-11 yaşlarında 34 obez çocuk dahil edildi. Katılımcılar basit randomizasyon yöntemi ile eğitim ve kontrol grubuna ayrıldı. Eğitim grubundaki katılımcılar (n=17) 6 hafta boyunca sanal gerçeklik eğitimine alındı. Kontrol grubuna (n=17) herhangi bir tedavi uygulanmadı. Denge, Flamingo ve Y denge testleri ile değerlendirildi. Hız-çeviklik Bruininks-Oseretsky Motor Yeterlilik TestiKısa Form-hız çeviklik alt testi ile değerlendirildi. Eğitim grubundaki çocukların fiziksel aktiviteden keyif alma düzeyleri Kısa Form-Fiziksel Aktiviteden Keyif Alma Ölçeği ile değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Çalışma öncesinde, gruplar incelenen değişkenler açısından benzerdi (p>0,05). Eğitim grubundaki çocukların sürat-çeviklik skorları ve Y denge testi ön, arka-yan ve karışık uzanma mesafeleri eğitim sonrasında eğitim öncesine göre anlamlı olarak arttı (p<0,05). Flamingo denge testi sonuçları eğitim öncesinden eğitim sonrasına anlamlı olarak artarken (p=0,001), %95 GA ile birlikte değerlendirildiğinde artışın önemsiz olduğu görüldü (-0,42-7,42). Eğitim grubunda, Y denge testi anterior ve posterior-medial uzanma mesafeleri dışında, statik ve dinamik denge ve hız-çeviklik klinik etkileri büyüktü (r≥0,5). Eğitim grubundaki tüm katılımcılar sanal gerçeklik eğitiminden en yüksek derecede keyif aldıklarını belirtti. (%95 CI:25,0 -25,0).
Sonuç: Obez çocuklarda sanal gerçeklik eğitimi denge ve hız-çeviklik gelişiminde etkilidir ve fiziksel aktivite için eğlenceli bir seçenektir. Uzun süreli eğitim ve takip içeren geniş randomize kontrollü çalışmalar önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

ÇOCUK, postural denge, terapötik, obezite, sanal gerçeklik

Destekleyen Kurum

Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi

Proje Numarası

ETK00-2017-0040

THE EFFECTS OF VIRTUAL REALITY TRAINING ON BALANCE AND SPEED-AGILITY IN OBESE CHILDREN: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL

Öz

Purpose: The aim of the study was to examine the effects of virtual reality training on balance and speed-agility in obese children.
Methods: The study included 34 obese children at the ages of 9-11. Participants were divided into training and control groups using the simple randomization method. The participants in the intervention group (n=17) were taken into virtual reality training for 6 weeks. No treatment was applied on the control group (n=17). Balance was assessed by the Flamingo and Y balance tests. Speed-agility was assessed by the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-Brief Form-speed-agility sub-test. The physical activity enjoyment levels of the children in intervention group were assessed by the Short Form-Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale.
Results: Before the study, the groups were similar in terms of the investigated variables (p>0.05). Speed-agility scores and Y balance test anterior, posterior-lateral and mixed reaching distances of the children in intervention group significantly increased after the training in comparison to their pre-training results (p<0.05). While the Flamingo balance test results significantly increased from pretraining to post-training (p=0.001), considering along with the 95% CI, the increase was found to be insignificant (-0.42—7.42). In intervention group, except for the Y balance test anterior and posteriormedial reaching distances, static and dynamic balance and speed-agility clinical effects were large (r≥0.5). All participants in intervention group stated that they enjoyed virtual reality training to the highest degree (95% CI:25.0 —25.0).
Conclusion: Virtual reality training in obese children is effective in improvement of balance and speedagility, and it is an enjoyable option of physical activity. The large randomized controlled studies with long-term trainings and follow-up are recommended.

Anahtar Kelimeler

postural balance, child, obesity, therapeutics, virtual reality

Proje Numarası

ETK00-2017-0040

Kaynakça

• World Health Organization Obesity and Overweight. 2023; http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/ Accessed 05 March 2023.
• World Health Regıonal Obesity Report 2022; https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/353747/9789289057738-eng.pdf, Accessed 04 March 2023.
• Savva, S.C., Kouridesa, Y.A., Hadjigeorgioua, C., Tornaritis, M.J. (2014). Overweight and obesity prevalence and trends in children and adolescents in Cyprus 2000—2010. Obes Res Clin Pract. 8(5):426-434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2013.11.005.
• Zhang, L. Yan, S., Li, R., Dan, W., Yang, L. (2022). Does weight loss affect the center of pressure of children with obesity: A follow-up study. Journal of Leather Science and Engineering. 4(1):9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42825-022-00083-6.
• Boucher, F., Handrigan, G.A., Mackrous, I., Hue, O. (2015). Childhood obesity affects postural control and aiming performance during an upper limb movement. Gait Posture. 42(2):116-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2015.04.016.
• Steinberg, N., Nemet, D., Pantanowitz, M., Eliakim, A. (2018). Gait Pattern, Impact to the Skeleton and Postural Balance in Overweight and Obese Children: A Review. Sports (Basel). 6(3):75. https://doi:10.3390/sports6030075.
• Meng, H., O’Connor, D.P., Lee, B.C., Layne, C.S., Gorniak, S.L. (2016). Effects of adiposity on postural control and cognition. Gait Posture. 43:31-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2015.10.012.
• Wyszyńska, J., Ring-Dimitriou, S., Thivel, D., et al. (2020). Physical Activity in the Prevention of Childhood Obesity: The Position of the European Childhood Obesity Group and the European Academy of Pediatrics. Front Pediatr. 8:535-705. https://doi:10.3389/fped.2020.535705.
• Giménez Garcia-Conde, M., Marin, L., Ruiz de Maya, S., & Cuestas, P. J. (2020). Parental Attitudes to Childhood Overweight: The Multiple Paths through Healthy Eating, Screen Use, and Sleeping Time. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(21), 7885.
• Zoghby, H. B., Sfeir, E., Akel, M., Malaeb, D., Obeid, S., Hallit, S. (2022). Knowledge, attitude and practice of Lebanese parents towards childhood overweight/obesity: the role of parent-physician communication. BMC pediatrics, 22(1), 209.
• Howard, Matt, C., (2017). "A meta-analysis and systematic literature review of virtual reality rehabilitation programs." Computers in Human Behavior. 70:317-327.
• Zeng, N., Gao, Z. (2016). Exergaming and obesity in youth: current perspectives. International journal of general medicine. 275-284.
• World Health Organization, (2007), BMI for Age (5-19 years), http://www.who.int/growthref/who2007_bmi_for_age/en/ (6 Eylül 2016).
• Sheehan, D.P., Katz, L. (2013). The effects of a daily, 6-week exergaming curriculum on balance in fourth grade children. J Sport Health Sci. 2(3):131-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2013.02.002.
• Lisón, J.F., Cebolla, A., Guixeres, J., Alvarez-Pitti, J., et al. (2015). Competitive active video games: Physiological and psychological responses in children and adolescents. Paediatrics and child health. 20(7):373-376.
• Arsalan, M., Aydemir, I., Ayhan, N. Y. (2021). Examination of The Relationship Between Depression and Body Mass Index (BMI) Among University Students. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. 11(1):175-181.
• Imamoglu, M., Sener, O. A. (2019). Comparison of Children's Motor Performances by Age and Gender. Universal Journal of Educational Research. 7(1):10-15.
• Sember, V., Grošelj, J., Pajek, M. (2020). Balance tests in pre-adolescent children: Retest reliability, construct validity, and relative ability. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(15), 5474.
• Yam, T.T.T., Fong, S.S.M. (2019). Y-balance test performance and leg muscle activations of children with developmental coordination disorder. Journal of Motor Behavior. 51(4):385-393. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222895.2018.1485011.
• Faigenbaum, A. D., Myer, G. D., Fernandez, I. P., Carrasco, E. G., Bates, N., Farrell, A., ... & Kang, J. (2014). Feasibility and reliability of dynamic postural control measures in children in first through fifth grades. International journal of sports physical therapy, 9(2), 140.
• Köse, B., Şahin, S., Karabulut, E., Kayıhan, H. (2021). Turkish version of bruininks-oseretsky test of motor proficiency 2 brief form: Its validity and reliability in children with specific learning disability.
• Mirzeoğlu, A.D., Çoknaz, D. A. (2014). validity and reliability study of physical activity enjoyment scale short form for Turkish children and youth. JHS. 11(1):672-687. https://doi.org/10.14687/ijhs.v11i1.2794.
• Knezevic, A. (2008). Overlapping confidence intervals and statistical significance, Cornell University. StatNews 73. https://cscu.cornell.edu/news/statnews/stnews73.pdf. Accessed 15 February 2017.
• Rosenthal, R. Parametric measures of effect size. In: Cooper, H., Hedges, L.V., Valentine, J.C. (eds) (1994). The handbook of research synthesis, Russell Sage Foundation, New York. pp. 231-244.
• Hur, P., Pan, Y.T., DeBuys, C. (2019). Free energy principle in human postural control system: Skin stretch feedback reduces the entropy. Scientific Reports. 9(1):16870. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-53028-1.
• Wiesinger, H.P., Buchecker, M., Müller, E., Stöggl, T., Birklbauer, J. (2022). Decreased Postural Complexity in Overweight to Obese Children and Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. 16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2022.850548.
• McGraw, B., McClenaghan, B.A., Williams, H.G., Dickerson, J. (2000). Gait and postural stability in obese and nonobese prepubertal boys. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 81(4):484-489.
• Marinelli, E.C., Rogers, W.A. (2014). Identifying potential usability challenges for Xbox 360 Kinect exergames for older adults. Proc Hum Factors Ergon Soc Annu Meet. 58(1):1247-1251. https://doi.org/10.1177/1541931214581260.
• Beaulieu-Boire, L., Belzile-Lachapelle, S., Blanchette, A., et al. (2015). Balance rehabilitation using xbox kinect among an elderly population: a pilot study. J Nov Physiother. 5(2):261. https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-7025.1000261.
• Kang, M. H., Kim, G. M., Kwon, O. Y., Weon, J. H., Oh, J. S., An, D. H. (2015). Relationship between the kinematics of the trunk and lower extremity and performance on the Y-balance test. PM&R, 7(11), 1152-1158.
• Gabbard, C.P. (2008). Lifelong motor development. Benjamin-Cumings Publishing Co. 5th Ed: San Francisco.
• Van Biljon A, Longhurst G. (2012)The influence of exergaming on the functional fitness in overweight and obese children. Afr J Phys Act Health Sci. 18(4):991.
• Comeras-Chueca, C., Marin-Puyalto, J., Matute-Llorente, A., Vicente-Rodriguez, G., Casajus, J. A., Gonzalez-Aguero, A. (2021). Effects of active video games on health-related physical fitness and motor competence in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity: systematic review and meta-analysis. JMIR Serious Games, 9(4), e29981.
• Overmoyer GV, Reiser RF. (2015). Relationships between lower-extremity flexibility, asymmetries, and the Y balance test. J Strength Cond Res. 29(5):1240-7.
• Kang MH, Lee DK, Park KH, Oh JS. (2015). Association of ankle kinematics and performance on the y-balance test with inclinometer measurements on the weight-bearing-lunge test. J Sport Rehab. 24(1):62-7.
• Sheehan, D.P., Katz, L. (2012). The impact of a six week exergaming curriculum on balance with grade three school children using the Wii FIT+™. Int J Comput Sci Sport. 11(3):5-22.
• Papastergiou, M. (2009). Exploring the potential of computer and video games for health and physical education: A literature review. Comput Educ. 53(3):603–622. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2009.04.001.
• Ausias Cebolla i Martí, Julio Carlos Álvarez-Pitti, Jaime Guixeres Provinciale, Juan Francisco Lisón, y Rosa Baños Rivera. (2015). Alternative options for prescribing physical activity among obese children and adolescents: brisk walking supported by an exergaming platform. Nutr Hosp. 31(2):841-848. https://doi.org/10.3305/nh.2015.31.2.7929