tjss

The Journal of Social Science

2587-0807

Cenk AKSOY

10.30520/tjsosci.1181377

Analysis of Anti-Vaccination Discourse on Turkish Alternative News Websites

Alternatif Türk Haber Siteleri Web Sayfalarında Aşı Karşıtlığı Söylemi Analizi

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7650-2144

Ersöz

Selva

MALTEPE ÜNİVERSİTESİ

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3953-5734

Demir Askeroğlu

Emel

TEKIRDAG NAMIK KEMAL UNIVERSITY, VOCATIONAL SCHOOL

02 25 2023

7 13 54 71 09 28 2022 01 31 2023

2017

The Journal of Social Science

The media's information and enticement functions have grown increasingly important as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic. The purpose of this research on the anti-vaccination movement in Turkey was to better elucidate the different types of arguments that are deployed by key actors in the field of anti-vaccination, especially online. This research has analyzed the anti-vaccine movement, particularly in Turkey. More specifically, the argument that is deployed online by the alternative Turkish news websites is being analyzed. According to the results of the study, it was found that the news sites do not agree even when it comes to global issues such as pandemics. It is searched that alternative news websites have adopted the discourse of anti-vaccination without truly basing their arguments on scientific facts.

Medyanın bilgilendirme ve ayartma işlevleri, Covid-19 pandemisinin bir sonucu olarak giderek daha önemli hale geldi. Türkiye'deki aşı karşıtı hareketle ilgili bu araştırmanın amacı, aşı karşıtı alandaki kilit aktörler tarafından özellikle çevrimiçi ortamda dile getirilen farklı türdeki argümanları daha iyi açıklamaktı. Bu araştırma, özellikle Türkiye'deki aşı karşıtı hareketi analiz etmiştir. Daha spesifik olarak, alternatif Türk haber sitelerinin çevrimiçi olarak kullandığı argüman analiz edilmektedir. Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre haber sitelerinin pandemi gibi küresel meseleler söz konusu olduğunda bile anlaşamadığı tespit edildi. Alternatif haber sitelerinin iddialarını bilimsel gerçeklere dayandırmadan aşı karşıtlığı söylemini benimsediği araştırılmaktadır.

Anti-vaccination covid-19 pandemic alternative news websites content analysis

Aşı karşıtlığı Covid-19 Pandemi Alternatif Haber Siteleri İçerik analizi

BADUR, S. (2011). Aşı Karşıtı Gruplar ve Aşılara Karşı Yapılan Haksız Suçlamalar’ as cited in Sosyal A. (2018) Aşı Karşıtlığı. Madde, Diyalektik ve Toplum 1(3), 263-271, https://bilimveaydinlanma.org/asi-karsitligi/.

BBC, (2020, 3 December). Koronavirüs aşısı: Aşıyla ilgili komplo teorileri neler, bilim insanları bunları nasıl çürütüyor?. https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-55172316. Accessed: 25.04.2022.

BOZKURT, H. B. (2018). Aşı reddine genel bir bakış ve literatürün gözden geçirilmesi, Kafkas Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(1), 71–76

BROWNE, M., THOMSON, P., ROCKLOFF, M. J., & PENNYCOOK, G. (2015). Going against the herd: Psychological and cultural factors underlying the “vaccination confidence gap”. PLoS ONE, 10(9), 1-14)

DAVIES, P., CHAPMAN, S., & LEASK, J. (2002). Antivaccination activists on the world wide web. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 87(1), 22–25. https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.87.1.22.

DUBÉ E, LABERGE C, GUAY M, BRAMADAT P, ROY R, BETTINGER JA. (2013). Vaccine hesitancy: an overview. Hum Vaccines Immunother. 9(8):1763–73. doi:https://doi.org/10.4161/hv.24657.

DUBÉ, E., VIVION, M., & MACDONALD, N. E. (2015). Vaccine hesitancy, vaccine refusal and the anti-vaccine movement: Influence, impact and implications. Expert Review of Vaccines, 14(1), 99–117. https://doi.org/ 10.1586/14760584.2015.964212.

IPSOS, (2021). https://www.ipsos.com/tr-tr/yakin-cevresine-asi-yaptirmalarini-onerenlerin-orani-yilin-basindan-bu-yana-6-puan-artti. Accessed: 05.05.2022.

KATA, A. (2010). A postmodern Pandora’s Box: Anti-vaccination misinformation on the internet. Vaccine, 28(7), 1709-1716)

KATA, A. (2012). Anti-vaccine activists, Web 2.0, and the postmodern paradigm – an overview of tactics and tropes used online by the anti-vaccination movement. Vaccine, 30, pp. 3778-3789, 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.11.112

LARSON, H. J., JARRETT, C., SCHULZ, W.S., CHAUDHURI, M., ZHOU, Y., DUBE, E., SCHUSTER, M., MACDONALD, N. E., & WILSON, R. (2015). Measuring vaccine hesitancy: The development of a survey tool. Vaccine, 33(34), 4165-4175; 16 :111–121 London: Sage

LE, M. (2021). Le discours anti-vaccination en ligne au Canada : une typologie des arguments mobilisés [Une thèse de maîtrise Université d’Ottawa]. Université d’Ottawa Research https://ruor.uottawa.ca/handle/10393/41775)

MITRA, T., COUNTS, S., & PENNEBAKER, J. (2021). Understanding Anti-Vaccination Attitudes in Social Media. Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media, 10(1), 269-278. Retrieved from: https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/ICWSM/article/view/14729

NASIR, L. (2000). Reconnoitering the Antivaccination Web Sites: News From the Front. J Fam Pract, (8), 731–734)

OTTINGER, G. (2013). Refining expertise, How Responsible Engineers Subvert Environmental Justice. New York, NY: New York University Press.

RODRIGUEZ, N. J. (2016). Vaccine-Hesitant Justifications. Global Qualitative Nursing Research, 3, 233339361666330. https://doi.org/10.1177/2333393616663304.

SMITH, K.A. (2011). Edward Jenner and the small pox vaccine. Front Immunol, 2:21; http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2011.00021; PMID: 22566811.

STAHL JP, COHEN R, DENIS F, GAUDELUS J, MARTINOT A, LERY T, LEPETIT H. (2016). The impact of the web and social networks on vaccination New challenges and opportunities offered to fight against vaccine hesitancy. Med Mal Infect. 46(3):117-22. doi: 10.1016/j.medmal.2016.02.002. Epub 2016 Mar 14. PMID: 26987960)

TEYIT, (2021, 16 February ). Aşı Karşıtlığı ve Covid-19. https://teyit.org/dosya-asi-karsitligi-ve-covid-19. Accessed: 03.05.2022.

TILIÇ, L.D. & ÖZCAN, H.U. (2021). An analysis on the anti-vaccination movement in Turkish digital platforms: Ek¸sisözlük and Facebook. Eskişehir Türk Dünyası Uygulamaları Araştırma Merkezi Halk Sağlığı Dergisi. 6, 1–10.

TOPSAKAL, T. & FERIK, F. (2021). Haber Sitelerinin Covid-19 Aşılarına Yönelik Yaklaşımı ve Haber İçeriklerinin Değerlendirilmesi. Akdeniz Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi, 0 (35), 370-386. DOI: 10.31123/akil.886679.

US Department of Health and Human Services Centre for Disease Control (2011). Health United States 2011. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hus/hus11.pdf. Accesed:16.04.2022.

VERGER, P., FRESSARD, L., COLLANGE, F., GAUTIER, A., JESTIN, C., LAUNAY, O., RAUDE, J., PULCINI, C., & PERETTI-WATEL, P. (2015). Vaccine hesitancy among general practitioners and its determinants during controversies: A national cross-sectional survey in France. EBioMedicine, 2(8), 891-897

WOLFE, R. M. (2002). Vaccine safety activists on the Internet. Expert Rev Vaccines, 1, 249–252.

WOLFE, R. M., SHARP, L. K., & LIPSKY, M. S. (2002). Content and design attributes of antivaccination websites. JAMA, 287, 3245–3248. World Health Organization Report of the SAGE Working Group on Vaccine Hesitancy (2014) http://www.who.int/immunization/sage/meetings/2014/october/SAGE_working_group_revised_report_vaccine_hesitancy.pdf. Accessed: 23.04.2022.

World Health Organization. (‎2018)‎. 2018 assessment report of the Global Vaccine Action Plan: strategic advisory group of experts on immunization. World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/276967

WYNNE, B. (1991). Knowledge in Context. Science, Technology, & Human Values, 16(1), 111-121.

YÜKSEL, G. H. & TOPUZOĞLU, A. (2019) Aşı redlerinin artması ve aşı karşıtlığını etkileyen faktörler, Estüdam Halk Sağlığı Dergisi; 4(2): 244-258