Mamutların İnsanlığın İnanç ve İnşa Faaliyetleri Üzerindeki Etkileri

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 16, 168 - 193, 30.09.2024

Varol Koç

https://doi.org/10.30520/tjsosci.1523697

Öz

Genellikle açık doğada yaşayan ilk insanların, büyük hayvan leşlerini boşaltıp bunları geçici barınak olarak kullanmış olmaları kuvvetle muhtemeldir. Çünkü mamut iskelet sistemi ile tarih öncesi çağlardan bu yana insanların inşa ettiği yapıların yapısal sistemleri arasında belirgin benzerlikler vardır. Ölen mamut bedenlerini mağaraların dışında geçici barınaklar olarak kullanan ilk insanlar, daha sonra aynı malzemeleri kullanarak daha kalıcı, daha uzun ve daha geniş açıklıklı kulübeler inşa etmeye çalışmış olabilir. Ukrayna ve Rusya Bozkırlarında, geçmişi Üst Paleolitik döneme kadar uzanan çok sayıda mamut kemiğinden kulübe keşfedildi ve bu yapılar bu tür çabaların sonucu olabilir. Bu kulübelerin yapım yöntemi, büyük mamut kemiklerinin istiflenmesini ve bunların mamut derileriyle kaplanmasını içerir. İlk insanların hayatta kalmasında büyük önem taşıyan mamutların, ilk inanç sistemleri ve inşaat faaliyetleri üzerindeki potansiyel etkisi göz ardı edilemez. Bu çalışma, mevcut verileri ilişkisel bir şekilde yorumlayarak bu konularda "bilimsel görüşler" oluştur-mayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada önerilen "spekülatif tez", mamut kemik kulübelerinin varlığından önce bile (Üst Paleolitik öncesi), bireylerin mamut göğüs kafeslerini tek kişilik barınaklar olarak kullandıklarını ileri sürmektedir. Buna göre ilk insanlar daha sonraki dönemlerde mamutların iri kemiklerini kullanarak bu kulübeleri inşa etmeye başlamış olabilirler. Böylece daha sonraki dönemlerde, hatta mamutların ortadan kaybolmasından sonra bile, hem mamut gövdesinin, hem mamut göğüs kafesinin hem de mamut kemiğinden yapılmış kulübelerin formları kulübe, çadır ve evlerin mimari geometrisine yansımış olabilir. Örneğin, Mamut kemiği Mezhrich kulübesi ile Apaçi çadırlarının yanı sıra Modern Kızılderili kulübeleri arasında açık bir benzetme mevcuttur. Viking Uzun Evlerinin ve özellikle Roma-Romulus kulübelerinin çatılarının sırt çıkıntıları, benzer şekilde yünlü mamut göğüs kafeslerinin üst çıkıntılarına çok benzemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Prehistorik mimari, yünlü mamut, dinler tarihi, bilimsel görüş, spekülatif tez

The Effects of Mammoths on Humanity’s Faith and Building Activities

Öz

It is highly likely that early humans, who generally lived in open nature, emptied large animal carcasses and used them as temporary shelters. This is because there are clear similarities between the mammoth skeletal system and the structural systems of constructions built by humans since prehistoric times. Early humans, who utilized deceased mammoth bodies as temporary shelters outside caves, might have later attempted to construct more permanent, taller, and wider-span huts using same materials. Many mammoth bone huts have been discovered across the Ukrainian and Russian Steppes, dating back to the Upper Paleolithic period, and these structures may be the result of such efforts. The construction method of this huts involves stacking large mammoth bones and covering them with mammoth skins. The potential impact of mammoths, which held great significance in the survival of early humans, on early belief systems and construction activities cannot be overlooked. This study aims to formulate "scientific opinions" on these issues by interpreting existing data in a relational manner. The "speculative thesis" proposed in this study suggests that even before the existence of mammoth bone huts (pre-Upper Paleolithic), individuals utilized mammoth rib cages as single-person shelters. Accordingly, early humans may have commenced constructing these huts using mammoth large bones in later periods. Thus, in later periods, even after the mammoths had disappeared, the forms of both the mammoth body, the mammoth ribcage, and the huts made of mammoth bone may have been reflected in the architectural geometry of huts, tents, and houses.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Prehistoric architecture, woolly mammoth, history of religions, scientific opinion

Kaynakça

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