TR
EN
Unveiling Hidden Biases: Analyzing Professional and Gender Perception Patterns in Large Language Models
Abstract
This study explores how the Claude and Gemini language models exhibit gender bias in relation to occupational roles within Turkish texts. To evaluate the extent of bias in each model, data from 22 different occupational groups was analyzed, focusing on the gender distributions of names generated for each occupation. The findings indicate that the Claude model shows a stronger tendency to predict male gender for traditionally male-dominated professions such as engineering and military service, while it more frequently associates female gender with occupations like nursing and teaching. By comparison, the Gemini model demonstrates a more pronounced male bias in creative fields, particularly in artistry and writing. Additionally, the study examined the models’ gender prediction performance in Turkish texts as a sub-question, investigating whether these predictions exhibit systematic biases. The results suggest that the gender predictions made by these models reflect societal biases, highlighting the necessity for bias mitigation strategies in datasets to ensure the ethical application of language models.
Keywords
Project Number
2023-TYL-FEBE-0032
References
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Details
Primary Language
English
Subjects
Natural Language Processing
Journal Section
Research Article
Publication Date
March 30, 2026
Submission Date
November 25, 2024
Acceptance Date
September 24, 2025
Published in Issue
Year 2026 Volume: 21 Number: 1
APA
Şendur, S., Koyuncuoğlu, H. C., & Onan, A. (2026). Unveiling Hidden Biases: Analyzing Professional and Gender Perception Patterns in Large Language Models. Turkish Journal of Science and Technology, 21(1), 85-95. https://doi.org/10.55525/tjst.1588709
AMA
1.Şendur S, Koyuncuoğlu HC, Onan A. Unveiling Hidden Biases: Analyzing Professional and Gender Perception Patterns in Large Language Models. TJST. 2026;21(1):85-95. doi:10.55525/tjst.1588709
Chicago
Şendur, Seda, Halis Can Koyuncuoğlu, and Aytuğ Onan. 2026. “Unveiling Hidden Biases: Analyzing Professional and Gender Perception Patterns in Large Language Models”. Turkish Journal of Science and Technology 21 (1): 85-95. https://doi.org/10.55525/tjst.1588709.
EndNote
Şendur S, Koyuncuoğlu HC, Onan A (March 1, 2026) Unveiling Hidden Biases: Analyzing Professional and Gender Perception Patterns in Large Language Models. Turkish Journal of Science and Technology 21 1 85–95.
IEEE
[1]S. Şendur, H. C. Koyuncuoğlu, and A. Onan, “Unveiling Hidden Biases: Analyzing Professional and Gender Perception Patterns in Large Language Models”, TJST, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 85–95, Mar. 2026, doi: 10.55525/tjst.1588709.
ISNAD
Şendur, Seda - Koyuncuoğlu, Halis Can - Onan, Aytuğ. “Unveiling Hidden Biases: Analyzing Professional and Gender Perception Patterns in Large Language Models”. Turkish Journal of Science and Technology 21/1 (March 1, 2026): 85-95. https://doi.org/10.55525/tjst.1588709.
JAMA
1.Şendur S, Koyuncuoğlu HC, Onan A. Unveiling Hidden Biases: Analyzing Professional and Gender Perception Patterns in Large Language Models. TJST. 2026;21:85–95.
MLA
Şendur, Seda, et al. “Unveiling Hidden Biases: Analyzing Professional and Gender Perception Patterns in Large Language Models”. Turkish Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 21, no. 1, Mar. 2026, pp. 85-95, doi:10.55525/tjst.1588709.
Vancouver
1.Seda Şendur, Halis Can Koyuncuoğlu, Aytuğ Onan. Unveiling Hidden Biases: Analyzing Professional and Gender Perception Patterns in Large Language Models. TJST. 2026 Mar. 1;21(1):85-9. doi:10.55525/tjst.1588709