Dağıtım Şebekelerinde Kısmi Deşarj Analizi için Entegre Akustik ve Elektriksel Yöntemler

Abstract

Kısmi deşarjlar (KD), iletkenler arasındaki yalıtımı tamamen köprülemeyen ancak zamanla yalıtımın ciddi şekilde bozulmasına neden olabilen lokalize elektriksel boşalmalardır. Bu çalışma, elektrik dağıtım şebekelerinde KD etkinliğini analiz etmek amacıyla akustik ve elektriksel ölçüm tekniklerinin bir arada kullanıldığı entegre bir yöntem sunmaktadır. Saha ölçümleri, farklı çevresel ve işletme koşullarını temsil eden iki ayrı lokasyonda gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elektriksel sinyaller, COMTRADE formatında kayıt yapabilen yüksek hızlı bir güç kalitesi kaydedicisiyle; ultrasonik emisyonlar ise yüksek hassasiyetli akustik sensörler aracılığıyla elde edilmiştir. Toplanan veriler, MATLAB ortamında dalga biçimi analizi, zaman düzleminde değerlendirme, Hızlı Fourier Dönüşümü (FFT) ile frekans analizi ve Faz Çözünürlüklü Kısmi Deşarj (PRPD) desen tanımlaması gibi çok aşamalı bir süreçle incelenmiştir. Tepe genlikleri, tekrar oranları ve baskın frekans bileşenleri gibi temel KD göstergeleri çıkarılarak, boşalma türleri sınıflandırılmış ve yalıtım durumu değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, akustik ve elektriksel verilerin birlikte analiz edilmesinin KD davranışını daha bütüncül biçimde anlamaya olanak tanıdığını ve bu sayede arızaların erken tespitini ve bakım stratejilerinin etkinliğini artırdığını ortaya koymuştur. Söz konusu yaklaşım, elektrik dağıtım altyapısının güvenilirliğini ve sürdürülebilirliğini artırmaya yönelik önemli katkılar sunmaktadır.

Keywords

• Kısmi Deşarj (PD)
• Elektriksel Ölçüm
• Akustik Ölçüm
• Frekans Analizi
• Dağıtım Şebekesi

Integrated Acoustic and Electrical Methods for Partial Discharge Analysis in Distribution Networks

Abstract

Partial discharges (PD) are localized electrical discharges that do not fully bridge the insulation between conductors but can significantly degrade insulation over time. This study introduces an integrated methodology that combines acoustic and electrical measurement techniques to analyze PD activity in electricity distribution networks. Field measurements were carried out at two distinct locations under varying environmental and operational conditions. Electrical signals were acquired using a high-speed power quality recorder in COMTRADE format, while ultrasonic emissions were captured via precision acoustic sensors. The collected data were analyzed in MATLAB through a multi-step process involving waveform analysis, time-domain evaluation, frequency-domain analysis using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), and Phase-Resolved Partial Discharge (PRPD) pattern recognition. Key PD indicators—including peak amplitudes, repetition rates, and dominant frequency components—were extracted to classify discharge types and assess insulation condition. The findings reveal that integrating acoustic and electrical data enables a more holistic understanding of PD behavior, facilitating early fault detection and the development of proactive maintenance strategies. This integrated approach contributes to improving the reliability and sustainability of power distribution infrastructure.

Keywords

• Partial Discharge (PD)
• Electrical Measurement
• Acoustic Measurement
• Frequency Analysis
• Distribution Network

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