Co₃O₄ Bazlı Nanoakışkanların Termofiziksel Karakterizasyonu: Özgül Isı Kapasitesi ve Viskozite

Abstract

Bu çalışma, etilen glikol (EG) ve deiyonize su (DW) ikili karışımları kullanılarak hazırlanan Co₃O₄ bazlı nanoakışkanların özgül ısı kapasitesi ve viskozite davranışlarını incelemektedir. Hacim oranları %60 EG : %40 DW ve %40 EG : %60 DW olan karışımlar kullanılmıştır. Nanoakışkanlar, Co₃O₄ nanoparçacıkları (<50 nm boyutunda ve %99,5 saflıkta) kullanılarak hazırlanmış ve koloidal stabilitenin sağlanması amacıyla sodyum dodesilbenzen sülfonat (SDBS) yüzey aktif maddesi ile stabilize edilmiştir. Nanoparçacık hacim konsantrasyonu (%0,25–1) ve sıcaklığın (20 °C–70 °C) termofiziksel özellikler üzerindeki etkisi değerlendirilmiştir. Özgül ısı kapasitesi, nanoparçacık konsantrasyonu arttıkça azalmış, sıcaklıkla birlikte ise artış göstermiştir. Özgül ısıda en yüksek azalma, %1 yükleme ile 20 °C’de %60 EG : %40 DW karışımı için %9,5’e kadar gözlenmiştir. Diğer yandan, viskozite artan nanoparçacık konsantrasyonlarıyla birlikte artmış, sıcaklık artışıyla azalmıştır; bu durum nanoakışkanların tipik davranışıyla uyumludur. Bağıl viskozite değerleri, baz akışkan bileşimi, sıcaklık ve nanoparçacık konsantrasyonuna bağlı olarak 1,12 ile 1,62 arasında değişmiştir. Deneysel sonuçlar, özgül ısı ve viskozite için teorik bağıntılarla da karşılaştırılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular, Co₃O₄ nanoakışkanlarının ısı-akışkan performansına dair önemli bilgiler sunmakta ve pratik ısı transferi uygulamaları için formülasyon ve ısıl optimizasyonunun önemini vurgulamaktadır.

Keywords

• Kobalt oksit nanoakışkan
• özgül ısı kapasitesi
• vizkozite
• EG-DW karışımı

Thermophysical Characterization of Co₃O₄-Based Nanofluids: Specific Heat Capacity and Viscosity

Abstract

This study investigates the specific heat capacity and viscosity behavior of Co₃O₄-based nanofluids prepared with binary mixtures of ethylene glycol (EG) and deionized water (DW) at volume ratios of 60:40 and 40:60. Nanofluids were prepared using Co₃O₄ nanoparticles (<50 nm, 99.5% purity) and stabilized with sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) surfactant to ensure colloidal stability. The effects of nanoparticle volume concentration (0.25–1%) and temperature (20 °C to 70 °C) on thermophysical properties were evaluated. Specific heat capacity decreased with increasing nanoparticle concentration and increased with temperature. The highest reduction in specific heat capacity was observed at 1% loading, reaching up to 9.5% for the 60EG:40DW nanofluid at 20 °C. Conversely, viscosity increased with higher nanoparticle concentrations and decreased with temperature, consistent with typical nanofluid behavior. Relative viscosity values ranged from 1.12 to 1.62, depending on base fluid composition, temperature, and nanoparticle concentration. Experimental results were also compared with theoretical correlations for specific heat and viscosity. The findings provide essential insights into the thermal-fluid performance of Co₃O₄ nanofluids and emphasize the importance of formulation and thermal optimization for practical heat transfer applications.

Keywords

• Cobalt oxide nanofluid
• specific heat capacity
• viscosity
• EG-DW mixture

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