Research Article

Digital Competence of Preservice Primary School Teachers: The Role of Digital Material Development Experience and Self-Assessed Artificial Intelligence Use Competence

Volume: 21 Number: 2 September 30, 2026
EN TR

Digital Competence of Preservice Primary School Teachers: The Role of Digital Material Development Experience and Self-Assessed Artificial Intelligence Use Competence

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the digital competence levels of preservice primary school teachers, examine whether their competence differed according to personal and experiential variables, and investigate the relationship between self-assessed artificial intelligence (AI) use competence and digital competence. The study employed descriptive and correlational survey designs with 119 preservice teachers enrolled in primary school teacher education programs at five universities. Data were collected through a Personal Information Form, which included a single-item self-assessment of AI use competence, and the 25-item, five-dimensional Teacher Digital Competence Scale. Descriptive statistics, independent-samples t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation, and simple linear regression were used. Overall digital competence was high. Scores did not differ significantly by gender, age, year of study, previous digital technology training, or previous AI training. Participants with digital material development experience had significantly higher competence (Hedges’ g = 0.76). Self-assessed AI use competence was strongly and positively associated with overall digital competence (r = .646) and accounted for 41.7% of its variance. The findings suggest that active digital production and AI-supported material development experiences are associated with stronger digital competence and deserve attention in teacher education.

Keywords

References

  1. Carretero S, Vuorikari R, Punie Y. DigComp 2.1: The Digital Competence Framework for Citizens with Eight Proficiency Levels and Examples of Use. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2017. doi:10.2760/38842.
  2. Vuorikari R, Kluzer S, Punie Y. DigComp 2.2: The Digital Competence Framework for Citizens—With New Examples of Knowledge, Skills and Attitudes. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2022. doi:10.2760/115376.
  3. Redecker C. European Framework for the Digital Competence of Educators: DigCompEdu. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2017. doi:10.2760/159770.
  4. Falloon G. From digital literacy to digital competence: The teacher digital competency framework. Educ Technol Res Dev 2020; 68: 2449-2472. doi:10.1007/s11423-020-09767-4.
  5. Pettersson F. On the issues of digital competence in educational contexts: A review of literature. Educ Inf Technol 2018; 23: 1005-1021. doi:10.1007/s10639-017-9649-3.
  6. Tondeur J, van Braak J, Sang G, Voogt J, Fisser P, Ottenbreit-Leftwich A. Preparing pre-service teachers to integrate technology in education: A synthesis of qualitative evidence. Comput Educ 2012; 59(1): 134-144. doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2011.10.009.
  7. Instefjord EJ, Munthe E. Educating digitally competent teachers: A study of integration of professional digital competence in teacher education. Teach Teach Educ 2017; 67: 37-45. doi:10.1016/j.tate.2017.05.016.
  8. Gudmundsdottir GB, Hatlevik OE. Newly qualified teachers’ professional digital competence: Implications for teacher education. Eur J Teach Educ 2018; 41(2): 214-231. doi:10.1080/02619768.2017.1416085.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Artificial Intelligence (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

September 30, 2026

Submission Date

August 5, 2026

Acceptance Date

September 18, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 21 Number: 2

APA
Topcubaşı, T., Keleş, O., & Can, S. (2026). Digital Competence of Preservice Primary School Teachers: The Role of Digital Material Development Experience and Self-Assessed Artificial Intelligence Use Competence. Turkish Journal of Science and Technology, 21(2), 493-514. https://doi.org/10.55525/tjst.2011432
AMA
1.Topcubaşı T, Keleş O, Can S. Digital Competence of Preservice Primary School Teachers: The Role of Digital Material Development Experience and Self-Assessed Artificial Intelligence Use Competence. TJST. 2026;21(2):493-514. doi:10.55525/tjst.2011432
Chicago
Topcubaşı, Tolga, Oğuz Keleş, and Sudem Can. 2026. “Digital Competence of Preservice Primary School Teachers: The Role of Digital Material Development Experience and Self-Assessed Artificial Intelligence Use Competence”. Turkish Journal of Science and Technology 21 (2): 493-514. https://doi.org/10.55525/tjst.2011432.
EndNote
Topcubaşı T, Keleş O, Can S (September 1, 2026) Digital Competence of Preservice Primary School Teachers: The Role of Digital Material Development Experience and Self-Assessed Artificial Intelligence Use Competence. Turkish Journal of Science and Technology 21 2 493–514.
IEEE
[1]T. Topcubaşı, O. Keleş, and S. Can, “Digital Competence of Preservice Primary School Teachers: The Role of Digital Material Development Experience and Self-Assessed Artificial Intelligence Use Competence”, TJST, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 493–514, Sept. 2026, doi: 10.55525/tjst.2011432.
ISNAD
Topcubaşı, Tolga - Keleş, Oğuz - Can, Sudem. “Digital Competence of Preservice Primary School Teachers: The Role of Digital Material Development Experience and Self-Assessed Artificial Intelligence Use Competence”. Turkish Journal of Science and Technology 21/2 (September 1, 2026): 493-514. https://doi.org/10.55525/tjst.2011432.
JAMA
1.Topcubaşı T, Keleş O, Can S. Digital Competence of Preservice Primary School Teachers: The Role of Digital Material Development Experience and Self-Assessed Artificial Intelligence Use Competence. TJST. 2026;21:493–514.
MLA
Topcubaşı, Tolga, et al. “Digital Competence of Preservice Primary School Teachers: The Role of Digital Material Development Experience and Self-Assessed Artificial Intelligence Use Competence”. Turkish Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 21, no. 2, Sept. 2026, pp. 493-14, doi:10.55525/tjst.2011432.
Vancouver
1.Tolga Topcubaşı, Oğuz Keleş, Sudem Can. Digital Competence of Preservice Primary School Teachers: The Role of Digital Material Development Experience and Self-Assessed Artificial Intelligence Use Competence. TJST. 2026 Sep. 1;21(2):493-514. doi:10.55525/tjst.2011432