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Evaluation of the Effects of Earthquakes on Radon and Total Electron Content Values and Meteorological Changes on the North Anatolian Fault Zone, Türkiye

Year 2023, Volume: 18 Issue: 1, 75 - 85, 29.03.2023

Dawar Hama Khalid Mohammed , Fatih Külahcı , Ahmet Sait Alalı

https://doi.org/10.55525/tjst.1184366
Cited By: 2

Abstract

A cross-correlation analysis is proposed to analyse the relationships of soil Radon-222 gas, Ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC), and some meteorological variables with earthquakes from the North Anatolian Fault Zone, Türkiye, one of the most active fault lines in the World. Statistically important results are obtained for Earthquake-Rn gas changes and Seismo-Ionospheric Coupling. In addition, we think that this study will be an important step for further studies on earthquake precursors.

Keywords

Radon Earthquake TEC Meteorology Cross-correlation Prediction Precursor

Thanks

We would like to thank AFAD (Ministry of Interior Disaster and Emergency Management's Presidency, for Radon data, IONOLAB (Hacettepe University Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering) for TEC data, Boğaziçi Kandilli Observatory for earthquake data.

References

  • Baskaran M. Radon: A Tracer for Geological, Geophysical and Geochemical Studies. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016.
  • Tanner AB. Physical and chemical controls on distribution of radium-226 and radon-222 in ground water near Grear Salt Lake, Utah,” Natural radiation environment, 1964; 253–276.
  • Külahcı F, Şen Z. On the Correction of Spatial and Statistical Uncertainties in Systematic Measurements of 222Rn for Earthquake Prediction, Surv Geophys, 2014; 35(2): 449–478.
  • Nazaroff WW, Moed BA, Sextro RG. Soil as a Source of Indoor Radon, Generation, Migration, and Entry, Radon and its decay products in indoor W.W. Nazaroff, A.V. Nero Jr., 1988; 19(21): 57–112.
  • Sextro RG, Moed BA, Nazaroff WW, Revzan KL, Nero AV. Investigations of Soil as a Source of Indoor Radon, 1987;10–29.
  • Walia V, Su TC, Fu CC, Yang TF. Spatial variations of radon and helium concentrations in soil-gas across the Shan-Chiao fault, Northern Taiwan, Radiat Meas, 2005; 40(2–6): 513–516.
  • Sundal AV, Valen V, Soldal O, Strand T. The influence of meteorological parameters on soil radon levels in permeable glacial sediments, Science of the Total Environment, 2008; 389 (2–3): 418–428.
  • Cigolini C, et al. Radon surveys and real-time monitoring at Stromboli volcano: Influence of soil temperature, atmospheric pressure and tidal forces on 222Rn degassing, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 2009; 184 (3–4): 381–388.
  • Sahoo M, Katlamudi J P, Shaji KS, Murali K, Udaya Lakshmi G. Influence of meteorological parameters on the soil radon (Rn222) emanation in Kutch, Gujarat, India, Environ Monit Assess 2018; 190 (3): 1–20.
  • Chowdhury S, Barman C, Deb A, Raha S, Ghose D. Study of variation of soil radon exhalation rate with meteorological parameters in Bakreswar–Tantloi geothermal region of West Bengal and Jharkhand, India, J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2019; 319 (1): 3–32.
  • Fujiyoshi R, et al. Meteorological parameters contributing to variability in 222Rn activity concentrations in soil gas at a site in Sapporo, Japan, Science of the Total Environment 2006; 370 (1): 224–234.
  • Muhammad A, Külahcı F, Akram P. Modeling radon time series on the North Anatolian Fault Zone, Turkiye: Fourier transforms and Monte Carlo simulations, Natural Hazards 2020; 104 (1): 979–996.
  • Pulinets S, Boyarchuk K. Ionospheric precursors of earthquakes. Springer Science & Business Media, 2004.
  • Xia C, Wang Q, Yu T, Xu G, Yang S. Variations of ionospheric total electron content before three strong earthquakes in the Qinghai-Tibet region, Advances in Space Research 2011; 47 (3): 506–514.
  • Nayir H, Arikan F, Arikan O, Erol CB. GPS/TEC Estimation with IONOLAB Method, in 2007 3rd International Conference on Recent Advances in Space Technologies, Jun. 2007, pp. 29–34.
  • Muhammad A, Külahcı F, Salh H, Hama Rashid PA. Long Short Term Memory networks (LSTM)-Monte-Carlo simulation of soil ionization using radon, J Atmos Sol Terr Phys 2021; 221:105688.
  • Liu JY, Tsai HF, Jung TK. Total electron content obtained by using the global positioning system, Terr Atmos Oceanic Sci 1996; 7(1): 107–117.
  • Liu JY, Chen YI, Chen CH, Hattori K. Temporal and spatial precursors in the ionospheric global positioning system (GPS) total electron content observed before the 26 December 2004 M9.3 Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake, J Geophys Res Space Phys 2010; 115(A9): p. n/a-n/a.
  • Arikan F. Regularized estimation of vertical total electron content from Global Positioning System data, J Geophys Res 2003; 108 (A12): 1469.
  • Sezen U, Arikan F, Arikan O, Ugurlu O, Sadeghimorad A. Online, automatic, near-real time estimation of GPS-TEC: IONOLAB-TEC, Space Weather 2013; 11(5): 297–305.
  • Okabe S.Time variation of the atmospheric radon content near the ground surface with relation to some geophysical phenomena, University of Kyoto, 1956; Series A 28 (2): 99-115 [Online] Available: http://hdl.handle.net/2433/257395.
  • King CY. Episodic radon changes in subsurface soil gas along active faults and possible relation to earthquakes, J Geophys Res 1980; 85 (B6):3065–3078.
  • Birchard G, WF Libby. Soil radon concentration changes preceding and following four magnitude 4.2-4.7 earthquakes on the San Jacinto Fault in Southern California, J Geophys Res 1980; 85 (B6): 3100–3106.
  • Shapiro MH, Melvin JD, Tombrello TA, Mendenhall MH, Larson BP, Whitcomb JH. Relationship of the 1979 southern California radon anomaly to a possible regional strain event, J Geophys Re 1981; 86 (B3): 1725–1730.
  • Rastogi BK, Chadha RK, Raju IP. Seismicity near Bhatsa reservoir, Maharashtra, India, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 1986; 44(2): 179–199.
  • Zmazek B, Todorovski L, Džeroski S, Vaupotič J, Kobal I. Application of decision trees to the analysis of soil radon data for earthquake prediction, Applied Radiation and Isotopes 2003; 58 (6): 697–706.
  • Hartmann J, Levy JK. Hydrogeological and gasgeochemical earthquake precursors - A review for application, Natural Hazards 2005; 34(3), 279–304.
  • Walia V, Virk HS, Bajwa BS. Radon precursory signals for some earthquakes of magnitude > 5 occurred in N-W Himalaya: An overview, Pure Appl Geophys 2006; 163 (4): 711–721.
  • S. Singh, H. P. Jaishi, R. P. Tiwari, and R. C. Tiwari. A study of variation in soil gas concentration associated with earthquakes near Indo-Burma Subduction zone, Geoenvironmental Disasters 2016; 3(1): 1–8.
  • Yang TF,et al. Variations of soil radon and thoron concentrations in a fault zone and prospective earthquakes in SW Taiwan, Radiat Meas 2005; 40(2–6): 496–502.
  • Kamışlıoğlu M, Kulalı F. A new study area for chaotic time series analyses applications: Lesvos island, Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2021; 14(20): 1–6.
  • Virk HS, Walia V. Helium/radon precursory signals of Chamoli Earthquake, India, Radiat Meas 2001; 34(1–6):379–384.
  • Ramola RC, Prasad Y, Prasad G, Kumar S, Choubey VM. Soil-gas radon as seismotectonic indicator in Garhwal Himalaya, Applied Radiation and Isotopes 2008; 66(10):1523–1530.
  • Ramola RC. Relation between spring water radon anomalies and seismic activity in Garhwal Himalaya, Acta Geophysica 2010; 58(5): 814–827.
  • Jaishi HP, Singh S, Tiwari RP, and R. C. Tiwari, “Analysis of soil radon data in earthquake precursory studies,” Annals of Geophysics 2014; 57( 5): 0544.
  • Jaishi S, Singh RP. Tiwari, and R. C. Tiwari, Correlation of radon anomalies with seismic events along Mat fault in Serchhip District, Mizoram, India, Applied Radiation and Isotopes 2014; 86:79–84.
  • Deb A, Gazi M, Barman C. Anomalous soil radon fluctuations – Signal of earthquakes in Nepal and Eastern India regions, Journal of Earth System Science 2016; 125(8):1657–1665.
  • Riggio A, Santulin M. Earthquake forecasting: A review of radon as seismic precursor, Bollettino di Geofisica Teorica ed Applicata 2015; 56(2): 95–114.
  • Baskaran M. Radon: A Tracer for Geological, Geophysical and Geochemical Studies, vol. 367. Springer, 2016.
  • Muhammad A. Monte Carlo Simulations Of Radon-Seismoionospheric Trilogy In Some Parts On The North Anatolian Fault Zone, Ph.D, Fırat Unıversıty, 2022.
  • Karasartova D, et al., Bacterial and protozoal pathogens found in ticks collected from humans in Corum province of Turkey, PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12 (4): e0006395.
  • Turkish State Meteorological Service, Kütükçü Alibey Caddesi No:4 06120 Kalaba, Keçiören/ANKARA.
  • Gubner JA. Probability and random processes for electrical and computer engineers. Cambridge University Press, 2006.
  • Bracewell R. Pentagram notation for cross correlation. The Fourier transform and its applications, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1965; 46, 243.
  • Sahoo SK, Katlamudi M, Shaji JP, Murali Krishna KS, Udaya Lakshmi G. Influence of meteorological parameters on the soil radon (Rn222) emanation in Kutch, Gujarat, India, Environ Monit Assess 2018; 190 (3): 1–20.
  • Mohammed DHK, Külahcı F, Muhammed A. Determination of possible responses of Radon-222, magnetic effects, and total electron content to earthquakes on the North Anatolian Fault Zone, Turkiye: an ARIMA and Monte Carlo Simulation, Natural Hazards 2021;108 (3), 2493–2512.

Year 2023, Volume: 18 Issue: 1, 75 - 85, 29.03.2023

Dawar Hama Khalid Mohammed , Fatih Külahcı , Ahmet Sait Alalı

https://doi.org/10.55525/tjst.1184366
Cited By: 2

Abstract

References

  • Baskaran M. Radon: A Tracer for Geological, Geophysical and Geochemical Studies. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016.
  • Tanner AB. Physical and chemical controls on distribution of radium-226 and radon-222 in ground water near Grear Salt Lake, Utah,” Natural radiation environment, 1964; 253–276.
  • Külahcı F, Şen Z. On the Correction of Spatial and Statistical Uncertainties in Systematic Measurements of 222Rn for Earthquake Prediction, Surv Geophys, 2014; 35(2): 449–478.
  • Nazaroff WW, Moed BA, Sextro RG. Soil as a Source of Indoor Radon, Generation, Migration, and Entry, Radon and its decay products in indoor W.W. Nazaroff, A.V. Nero Jr., 1988; 19(21): 57–112.
  • Sextro RG, Moed BA, Nazaroff WW, Revzan KL, Nero AV. Investigations of Soil as a Source of Indoor Radon, 1987;10–29.
  • Walia V, Su TC, Fu CC, Yang TF. Spatial variations of radon and helium concentrations in soil-gas across the Shan-Chiao fault, Northern Taiwan, Radiat Meas, 2005; 40(2–6): 513–516.
  • Sundal AV, Valen V, Soldal O, Strand T. The influence of meteorological parameters on soil radon levels in permeable glacial sediments, Science of the Total Environment, 2008; 389 (2–3): 418–428.
  • Cigolini C, et al. Radon surveys and real-time monitoring at Stromboli volcano: Influence of soil temperature, atmospheric pressure and tidal forces on 222Rn degassing, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 2009; 184 (3–4): 381–388.
  • Sahoo M, Katlamudi J P, Shaji KS, Murali K, Udaya Lakshmi G. Influence of meteorological parameters on the soil radon (Rn222) emanation in Kutch, Gujarat, India, Environ Monit Assess 2018; 190 (3): 1–20.
  • Chowdhury S, Barman C, Deb A, Raha S, Ghose D. Study of variation of soil radon exhalation rate with meteorological parameters in Bakreswar–Tantloi geothermal region of West Bengal and Jharkhand, India, J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2019; 319 (1): 3–32.
  • Fujiyoshi R, et al. Meteorological parameters contributing to variability in 222Rn activity concentrations in soil gas at a site in Sapporo, Japan, Science of the Total Environment 2006; 370 (1): 224–234.
  • Muhammad A, Külahcı F, Akram P. Modeling radon time series on the North Anatolian Fault Zone, Turkiye: Fourier transforms and Monte Carlo simulations, Natural Hazards 2020; 104 (1): 979–996.
  • Pulinets S, Boyarchuk K. Ionospheric precursors of earthquakes. Springer Science & Business Media, 2004.
  • Xia C, Wang Q, Yu T, Xu G, Yang S. Variations of ionospheric total electron content before three strong earthquakes in the Qinghai-Tibet region, Advances in Space Research 2011; 47 (3): 506–514.
  • Nayir H, Arikan F, Arikan O, Erol CB. GPS/TEC Estimation with IONOLAB Method, in 2007 3rd International Conference on Recent Advances in Space Technologies, Jun. 2007, pp. 29–34.
  • Muhammad A, Külahcı F, Salh H, Hama Rashid PA. Long Short Term Memory networks (LSTM)-Monte-Carlo simulation of soil ionization using radon, J Atmos Sol Terr Phys 2021; 221:105688.
  • Liu JY, Tsai HF, Jung TK. Total electron content obtained by using the global positioning system, Terr Atmos Oceanic Sci 1996; 7(1): 107–117.
  • Liu JY, Chen YI, Chen CH, Hattori K. Temporal and spatial precursors in the ionospheric global positioning system (GPS) total electron content observed before the 26 December 2004 M9.3 Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake, J Geophys Res Space Phys 2010; 115(A9): p. n/a-n/a.
  • Arikan F. Regularized estimation of vertical total electron content from Global Positioning System data, J Geophys Res 2003; 108 (A12): 1469.
  • Sezen U, Arikan F, Arikan O, Ugurlu O, Sadeghimorad A. Online, automatic, near-real time estimation of GPS-TEC: IONOLAB-TEC, Space Weather 2013; 11(5): 297–305.
  • Okabe S.Time variation of the atmospheric radon content near the ground surface with relation to some geophysical phenomena, University of Kyoto, 1956; Series A 28 (2): 99-115 [Online] Available: http://hdl.handle.net/2433/257395.
  • King CY. Episodic radon changes in subsurface soil gas along active faults and possible relation to earthquakes, J Geophys Res 1980; 85 (B6):3065–3078.
  • Birchard G, WF Libby. Soil radon concentration changes preceding and following four magnitude 4.2-4.7 earthquakes on the San Jacinto Fault in Southern California, J Geophys Res 1980; 85 (B6): 3100–3106.
  • Shapiro MH, Melvin JD, Tombrello TA, Mendenhall MH, Larson BP, Whitcomb JH. Relationship of the 1979 southern California radon anomaly to a possible regional strain event, J Geophys Re 1981; 86 (B3): 1725–1730.
  • Rastogi BK, Chadha RK, Raju IP. Seismicity near Bhatsa reservoir, Maharashtra, India, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 1986; 44(2): 179–199.
  • Zmazek B, Todorovski L, Džeroski S, Vaupotič J, Kobal I. Application of decision trees to the analysis of soil radon data for earthquake prediction, Applied Radiation and Isotopes 2003; 58 (6): 697–706.
  • Hartmann J, Levy JK. Hydrogeological and gasgeochemical earthquake precursors - A review for application, Natural Hazards 2005; 34(3), 279–304.
  • Walia V, Virk HS, Bajwa BS. Radon precursory signals for some earthquakes of magnitude > 5 occurred in N-W Himalaya: An overview, Pure Appl Geophys 2006; 163 (4): 711–721.
  • S. Singh, H. P. Jaishi, R. P. Tiwari, and R. C. Tiwari. A study of variation in soil gas concentration associated with earthquakes near Indo-Burma Subduction zone, Geoenvironmental Disasters 2016; 3(1): 1–8.
  • Yang TF,et al. Variations of soil radon and thoron concentrations in a fault zone and prospective earthquakes in SW Taiwan, Radiat Meas 2005; 40(2–6): 496–502.
  • Kamışlıoğlu M, Kulalı F. A new study area for chaotic time series analyses applications: Lesvos island, Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2021; 14(20): 1–6.
  • Virk HS, Walia V. Helium/radon precursory signals of Chamoli Earthquake, India, Radiat Meas 2001; 34(1–6):379–384.
  • Ramola RC, Prasad Y, Prasad G, Kumar S, Choubey VM. Soil-gas radon as seismotectonic indicator in Garhwal Himalaya, Applied Radiation and Isotopes 2008; 66(10):1523–1530.
  • Ramola RC. Relation between spring water radon anomalies and seismic activity in Garhwal Himalaya, Acta Geophysica 2010; 58(5): 814–827.
  • Jaishi HP, Singh S, Tiwari RP, and R. C. Tiwari, “Analysis of soil radon data in earthquake precursory studies,” Annals of Geophysics 2014; 57( 5): 0544.
  • Jaishi S, Singh RP. Tiwari, and R. C. Tiwari, Correlation of radon anomalies with seismic events along Mat fault in Serchhip District, Mizoram, India, Applied Radiation and Isotopes 2014; 86:79–84.
  • Deb A, Gazi M, Barman C. Anomalous soil radon fluctuations – Signal of earthquakes in Nepal and Eastern India regions, Journal of Earth System Science 2016; 125(8):1657–1665.
  • Riggio A, Santulin M. Earthquake forecasting: A review of radon as seismic precursor, Bollettino di Geofisica Teorica ed Applicata 2015; 56(2): 95–114.
  • Baskaran M. Radon: A Tracer for Geological, Geophysical and Geochemical Studies, vol. 367. Springer, 2016.
  • Muhammad A. Monte Carlo Simulations Of Radon-Seismoionospheric Trilogy In Some Parts On The North Anatolian Fault Zone, Ph.D, Fırat Unıversıty, 2022.
  • Karasartova D, et al., Bacterial and protozoal pathogens found in ticks collected from humans in Corum province of Turkey, PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12 (4): e0006395.
  • Turkish State Meteorological Service, Kütükçü Alibey Caddesi No:4 06120 Kalaba, Keçiören/ANKARA.
  • Gubner JA. Probability and random processes for electrical and computer engineers. Cambridge University Press, 2006.
  • Bracewell R. Pentagram notation for cross correlation. The Fourier transform and its applications, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1965; 46, 243.
  • Sahoo SK, Katlamudi M, Shaji JP, Murali Krishna KS, Udaya Lakshmi G. Influence of meteorological parameters on the soil radon (Rn222) emanation in Kutch, Gujarat, India, Environ Monit Assess 2018; 190 (3): 1–20.
  • Mohammed DHK, Külahcı F, Muhammed A. Determination of possible responses of Radon-222, magnetic effects, and total electron content to earthquakes on the North Anatolian Fault Zone, Turkiye: an ARIMA and Monte Carlo Simulation, Natural Hazards 2021;108 (3), 2493–2512.
There are 46 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section TJST
Authors

Dawar Hama Khalid Mohammed 0000-0003-2947-427X

Fatih Külahcı 0000-0001-6566-4308

Ahmet Sait Alalı 0000-0002-7750-5571

Publication Date March 29, 2023
Submission Date October 17, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 18 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Mohammed, D. H. K., Külahcı, F., & Sait Alalı, A. (2023). Evaluation of the Effects of Earthquakes on Radon and Total Electron Content Values and Meteorological Changes on the North Anatolian Fault Zone, Türkiye. Turkish Journal of Science and Technology, 18(1), 75-85. https://doi.org/10.55525/tjst.1184366
AMA Mohammed DHK, Külahcı F, Sait Alalı A. Evaluation of the Effects of Earthquakes on Radon and Total Electron Content Values and Meteorological Changes on the North Anatolian Fault Zone, Türkiye. TJST. March 2023;18(1):75-85. doi:10.55525/tjst.1184366
Chicago Mohammed, Dawar Hama Khalid, Fatih Külahcı, and Ahmet Sait Alalı. “Evaluation of the Effects of Earthquakes on Radon and Total Electron Content Values and Meteorological Changes on the North Anatolian Fault Zone, Türkiye”. Turkish Journal of Science and Technology 18, no. 1 (March 2023): 75-85. https://doi.org/10.55525/tjst.1184366.
EndNote Mohammed DHK, Külahcı F, Sait Alalı A (March 1, 2023) Evaluation of the Effects of Earthquakes on Radon and Total Electron Content Values and Meteorological Changes on the North Anatolian Fault Zone, Türkiye. Turkish Journal of Science and Technology 18 1 75–85.
IEEE D. H. K. Mohammed, F. Külahcı, and A. Sait Alalı, “Evaluation of the Effects of Earthquakes on Radon and Total Electron Content Values and Meteorological Changes on the North Anatolian Fault Zone, Türkiye”, TJST, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 75–85, 2023, doi: 10.55525/tjst.1184366.
ISNAD Mohammed, Dawar Hama Khalid et al. “Evaluation of the Effects of Earthquakes on Radon and Total Electron Content Values and Meteorological Changes on the North Anatolian Fault Zone, Türkiye”. Turkish Journal of Science and Technology 18/1 (March 2023), 75-85. https://doi.org/10.55525/tjst.1184366.
JAMA Mohammed DHK, Külahcı F, Sait Alalı A. Evaluation of the Effects of Earthquakes on Radon and Total Electron Content Values and Meteorological Changes on the North Anatolian Fault Zone, Türkiye. TJST. 2023;18:75–85.
MLA Mohammed, Dawar Hama Khalid et al. “Evaluation of the Effects of Earthquakes on Radon and Total Electron Content Values and Meteorological Changes on the North Anatolian Fault Zone, Türkiye”. Turkish Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 18, no. 1, 2023, pp. 75-85, doi:10.55525/tjst.1184366.
Vancouver Mohammed DHK, Külahcı F, Sait Alalı A. Evaluation of the Effects of Earthquakes on Radon and Total Electron Content Values and Meteorological Changes on the North Anatolian Fault Zone, Türkiye. TJST. 2023;18(1):75-8.

Cited By

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https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016793223600960
Electromagnetic and Radon Earthquake Precursors
Geosciences
https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences14100271
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