Paraoxonase, haptoglobin, serum amyloid A, tumor necrosis factor and acetylcholinesterase levels in ewes with pregnancy toxemia

Abstract

Objective: In this study were investigated serum paraoxonase, haptoglobin, tumor necrosis factor-α, acetylcholinesterase, serum amyloid A, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, nonesterified fatty acids, glucose, total protein, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, cholesterol and triglyceride in ewes with pregnancy toxemia Materials and Methods: This study consisted of 10 control and 10 groups with pregnancy toxemia, comprising 20 merino hybrid ewes aged between 2-6 years. Results: The analysis of blood serum samples revealed that serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (HPT), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF), paraoxonase (PON1), acetylcholinesterase (ACHE), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferaz (GGT) and cholesterol did not differ statistically significant between two groups although SAA, HPT, TNF, PON1, ACHE, AST, GGT levels were higher in ewes with pregnancy toxemia when compared to healthy ewes. Beta hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) (P<0.001), triglyceride, and total protein (P<0.01) increased that glucose (P<0.001) levels decreased in sheep with pregnancy toxemia compared with healthy ewes. Conclusion: Acetylcholinesterase, paraoxonase, haptoglobin, tumor necrosis factor-α, serum amyloid A concentration researched may prove beneficial laboratory findings diseases in sheep with pregnancy toxemia.

Keywords

• Acetylcholinesterase
• Paraoxonase
• Haptoglobin
• Serumamyloid A
• Tumor necrosis factor-alfa
• Sheep

References

1. Abdelaal A, Zaher H, Elgaml SA, Abdallah H. Prognostic value of serum cardiac troponin and nitric oxide as cardiac biomarkers in pregnancy toxemic goats. Global Vet. 2013; 11:817-823.
2. Albay MK, Karakurum MC, Sahinduran S, Sezer K, Yıldız R, Buyukoglu T. Selected serum biochemical parameters and acute phase protein levels in a herd of Saanen goats showing signs of pregnancy toxaemia. Vet Medicina. 2014; 59 (7):336-342.
3. Asmaa A, Darwish IAElE. The diagnostic value of acute phase proteins in barki ewes with pregnancy toxemia. AJVS. 2019; 62 (1): 27-37.
4. Aytekin İ. Gebelik toksemisi. koyun ve keçi hastalıkları. 2nd ed. Bursa: Stüdyo Star Ajans. 2020. p. 203-205.
5. Bastan İ, Salar S. Koyun ve keçilerde gebelik toksemisi. Harran Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 2013; 2 (1): 42-47.
6. Brodzki P, Marczuk J, Lisiecka U, Szczubia M, Brodzki A, Gorzkos H, Kulpa K. Comparative evaluation of cytokine and acute-phase protein concentrations in sera of dairy cows with subclinical and clinical ketosis as a different view of the causes of the disease. Vet World. 2021; 14:1572-1578.
7. Camps J, Marsillach J, Joven J. Measurement of serum paraoxonase-1 activity in the evaluation of liver function. World J Gastroenterol. 2009; 15(16):1929-1933.
8. Cao Y, Zhang J, Yang W, Xia, C, Zhang HY, Wang YH, Xu C. Serum paraoxonase as an indicator for fatty liver in sheep. J Vet Res. 2017; 61:97-102.

9. Çömez Yİ. Prostat adeno kanseri tanısı ile takip edilen hastalarda TNF-alfa-308 A/G polimorfizim sıklığının belirlenmesi ve belirli parametreler ile ilişkisinin belirlenmesi. PhD Thesis. Sağlık Bakanlığı Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, 2006.
10. El-Deeb WM, El-Bahr SM. Biomarkers of ketosis in dairy cows at postparturient period: acute phase proteins and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Vet Arhıv. 2017; 87(4): 431-440.
11. Farid AS, Honkawa K, Fath EM, Nonaka N, Horii Y. Serum paraoxonase-1 as biomarker for improved diagnosis of fatty liver in dairy cows. Vet Res. 2013; 9:73-89.
12. Felix HD, Gonzalez HF, Madrid J, Subiela SM, Tvarijonaviciute A, Ceron JJ, Tecles F. Acute phase proteins in experimentally induced pregnancy toxemia in goats. J Vet Diagn Invest. 2011; 23:57-62.
13. Fuentes VO, Fuentes PI. Butyrlcholinesterase levels in nubian and saanen goats in the highlands of Mexico: Effect of organophosphate fenthion after topical application. J. Anim Vet Adv. 2006; 11:278-881.
14. Gaadee HIM, Gehan MS. Pregnancy toxemia in ovis aries, and role of metabolic disorder causing ıt. Res J Vet Pract. 2021; 9(1):1-8.
15. Gurdogan F, Balıkçı E, Yıldız A. Some acute phase proteins, oxidative stres biomarkers and antioxidant enzyme activities in ewes with pregnancy toxemia. IJVR. 2014; 15(3):297-299.
16. Kabakcı N, Yarım G, Yarım M, Duru Ö, Yagcı BB, Kısa Ü. Pathological, clinical and biochemıcal investigation of naturally occuring pregnancy toxemıa of sheep. Acta Vet.2003; 53(2):161-169.
17. Kaplay SS. Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase of developing human brain. Biol Neonate. 1976; 28:65-73.
18. Khaled MA. Oxidant and antioxidant profile of hyperketonemic ewes affected by pregnancy toxemia. Vet Clin Pathol. 2011; 40(1): 60-65.
19. Mackness B, Durrington PN, Mackness MI. Human serum paraoxonase. Gen. Pharmac. 1998; 31:329-336.
20. Mahmoud A, Ibrahim IE. Clinico-biochemical diagnosis of pregnancy toxemia in ewes with special reference to novel biomarkers. AJVS. 2016; 48(2):96-102.
21. Petersen HH, Nielsen JP, Heegard PMH. Application of acute phase protein measurements in veterinary clinical chemistry. Vet Res. 2004; 35:163-187.
22. Prasannkumar R, Vasava RG, Jani HV, Goswami SD, Tandel FB. Studies on clinical signs and biochemical alteration in pregnancy toxemic goats. Vet World. 2016; 9(8): 869-874.
23. Qarawi AA, Ali BH. Variation in the normal activity of esterases in plasma and liver of camels (Camelus dromedarius), Cattle (Bos indicus), Sheep (Ovis aries) and Goats (Capra hircus). J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med. 2003; 50:201-203.
24. Salar S, Baştan İ, Baştan A, Pekcan M, Sel T. Investigation of changes in metabolic parameters and paraoxonase-1 during the transition period in turkish saanen goats. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2018; 24 (1):117-122.
25. Samimi AS, Aghamiri SM, Nazifi S, Asadi Z, Farhang M. Changes of acute-phase proteins during different physiological conditions in dairy saanen goats. Comp Clin Pathol. 2020; 29: 729-732.
26. Sımonov M, Vlızlo V. Some blood markers of the functional state of liver in dairy cows with clinical ketosıs. Bulg J of Vet Med. 2015; 18(1): 74-82.
27. Souza LM, Mendonça CL, Assıs RN, Filho EFO, Gonçalves DNA, Souto RJC, Soares PC, Afonso JAB. Cardıac bıomarkers troponın and ck-mb ın ewes affected by pregnancy toxemıa. Small Rumin Res. 2019; 177: 97-102.
28. Stojevic Z, Pirsljin J, Milinkovictur S, Zdelartuk M, Ljubic B. Activities of AST, ALT and GGT in clinically healthy dairy cows during lactation and in the dry period. Vet Arhiv. 2005; 75, 67-73.
29. Sun Y, Wang B, Shu S, Zhang H, Xu C, Wu L, Xia C. Critical thresholds of liver function parameters for ketosis prediction in dairy cows using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Vet Quarterly. 2015; 35(3):159-164.
30. Yarım GF, Karahan S, Nisbet C. Elevated plasma levels of ınterleukin 1β, tumour necrosis factor α and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 are associated with pregnancy toxaemia in ewes.Vet Res Com. 2007; 31:565-573.
31. Zhanga Y, Lia X, Zhang H, Zhaoa Z, Penga Z, Wanga Z, Liua G, Lia X. Non esterified fatty acids over-activate the tlr2/4-nf-κb signaling pathway to ıncrease ınflammatory cytokine synthesis in neutrophils from ketotic cows. Cel Physiol and Biochem, 2018; 48:827-837.