Araştırma Makalesi
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Evaluation of Autism Spectrum Disorder Awareness and Knowledge Level among Ankara Provincial Health Directorate Personnels

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 3, 96 - 104, 27.11.2024
https://doi.org/10.70852/tmj.1569091

Öz

Aim: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder with significant public health implications. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and awareness of ASD among healthcare professionals.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on Ankara Provincial Health Directorate personnels between January and June 2021. Participants completed a 40-item questionnaire assessing sociodemographic characteristics, familiarity with ASD, and levels of awareness and knowledge about ASD. Statistical analyses were conducted using Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests. The limit of statistical significance was taken as p<0.05.

Results: In the study, 331 (82.75%) of approximately 400 individuals working in Ankara Provincial Health Directorate were reached. The mean age of the sample was 41.45±8.87. Among the participants, 69.8% (231) were female, and 76.1% (252) were married. 73.7% (244) had at least one child, with a mean number of 1.32 ± 1.1 children per participant. 6.9% of of responders reported no prior knowledge of ASD. Among those familiar with ASD, the most commonly cited information sources were media, educational institutions, and other healthcare professionals. 67.7% of participants state that TV series affect their awareness of ASD. Analysis revealed significantly higher knowledge levels among female participants, physicians compared to other healthcare professionals, individuals employed in primary healthcare settings relative to laboratory staff, and among those with higher income levels (p<0.05 for each).

Discussion: The findings indicate that knowledge and awareness levels regarding ASD among healthcare professionals, who play a key role in community healthcare provision, vary significantly across demographic and occupational variables. Maintaining high levels of ASD-related knowledge and awareness among healthcare providers is crucial to prevent social isolation of individuals with ASD, reduce stigma experienced by their families, and enhance support for integrating these individuals into society in alignment with their abilities.

Kaynakça

  • Anwar, M. S., Tahir, M., Nusrat, K., & Khan, M. R. (2018). Knowledge, Awareness, and Perceptions Regarding Autism Among Parents in Karachi, Pakistan. Cureus, 10(9). https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.3299
  • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing. 2013
  • Ayub, A., Naeem, B., Ahmed, W. N., Srichand, S., Aziz, K., Abro, B., Najam, S., Murtaza, D., Janjua, A. A., Ali, S., & Jehan, I. (2017). Knowledge and Perception Regarding Autism among Primary School Teachers: A Cross‑sectional Survey from Pakistan, South Asia. Indian Journal of Community Medicine, 42(1), 147–150. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.IJCM
  • Cavkaytar, A., Özkan, Ş. Y., Ergenekon, Y., Çolak, A., Kaya, Ö., & Cavkaytar, S. (2016). Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu. T.C. Aile ve Sosyal Politikalar Bakanlığı.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2024). Data and Statistics on Autism Spectrum Disorder. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/data.html
  • Erden, G., Akçakın, M., Doğan, D. G., & Ertem, İ. Ö. (2010). Çocuk Hekimleri ve Otizm: Tanıda Zorluklar. 9(1), 9–15.
  • Gölbaşı, H., Demirel, Y., Nemmezi Karaca, S., Uzun Cicek, A., & Sarı, S. A. (2021). Sivas İl Merkezi’nde otizm spektrum bozukluğunun (OSB) yaygınlığı ve aile sağlığı merkezleri sağlık çalışanlarının OSB farkındalıkları. Cukurova Medical Journal, 46(3), 998–1008. https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.904937
  • Hidiroglu, S., Lüleci, N. E., Karavus, M., Tanriover, O., Bayar, E. S., & Karavus, A. (2018). The awareness of childhood autism among residents of neuropsychiatric and other disciplines of a research and training hospital in Istanbul, Turkey. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 68(2), 247–251.
  • Hutton, N. K., Mitchell, C., & van der Riet, M. (2016). Assessing an isiZulu questionnaire with educators in primary schools in Pietermaritzburg to establish a baseline of knowledge of Autism Spectrum Disorder. BMC Pediatrics, 16(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-016-0721-8
  • Igwe, M. N., Ahanotu, A. C., Bakare, M. O., Achor, J. U., & Igwe, C. (2011). Assessment of knowledge about childhood autism among pediatric and psychiatric nurses in Ebonyi state, Nigeria. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 5, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1753-2000-5-1
  • Imran, N., Chaudry, M. R., Azeem, M. W., Bhatti, M. R., Choudhary, Z. I., & Cheema, M. A. (2011). A survey of Autism nowledge and attitudes among the healthcare professionals in Lahore, Pakistan. BMC Pediatrics, 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2431-11-107
  • Jeste, D. V., Lieberman, J. A., Fassler, D., Peele, R., Benson, R. S., Young, M. L., Akaka, J., Bernstein, C. A., Crowley, B., Everett, A. S., Geller, J., Graff, M. D., Greene, J. A., Kashtan, J. F., Mcvoy, M. K., Nininger, J. E., Oldham, J. M., Schatzberg, A. F., Widge, A. S., & Vanderlip, E. R. (2013). DSM-5. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Fifth Edition. In American Psychiatric Association (5th ed., Vol. 17, Issue 7).
  • Kara, H., & Demirtaş, M. S. (2020). Increasing the Awareness of Autism Spectrum Disorder with Training of Pre-School Teachers and School Counselors in Turkey. Journal of Child Science, 10(1), E246–E257. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1721514
  • Karabekiroğlu, K., Cakin Memik, N., Ozel, O. O., Toros, F., Öztop, D., Özbaran, B., Kultur, E. C., Akbaş, S., Taşdemir, G. N., Ayaz, M., Aydın, C., Bildik, T., Erermiş, S., & Yaman, A. K. (2009). DEHB ve Otizm ile İlgili Bilgi Düzeyleri ve Damgalama: Sınıf Öğretmenleri ve Anababalarla Çok Merkezli Bir Çalışma. Klinik Psikiyatri, 12, 79–89. https://www.journalagent.com/kpd/pdfs/KPD_12_2_79_89.pdf
  • Khanna, R., & Jariwala, K. (2012). Awareness and knowledge of autism among pharmacists. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 8(5), 464–471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2011.11.002
  • Liu, Y., Li, J., Zheng, Q., Zaroff, C. M., Hall, B. J., Li, X., & Hao, Y. (2016). Knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of autism spectrum disorder in a stratified sampling of preschool teachers in China. BMC Psychiatry, 16(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-016-0845-2
  • Luleci, N. E., Hidiroglu, S., Karavus, M., Karavus, A., Sanver, F. F., Ozgur, F., Celik, M., & Celik, S. C. (2016). The pharmacists’ awareness, knowledge and attitude about childhood autism in Istanbul. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, 38(6), 1477–1482. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-016-0394-2
  • Ma, Y., Zhou, Y., Liu, Y., Ping, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, X., Zhang, C., Wang, T., & Zhou, H. (2021). Urgency in Improving Child Health Care Workers’ Awareness and Knowledge of ASD: Findings From a Cross-Sectional Study in Southwest China. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12(September), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.703609
  • Magán-Maganto, M., Bejarano-Martín, Á., Fernández-Alvarez, C., Narzisi, A., García-Primo, P., Kawa, R., Posada, M., & Canal-Bedia, R. (2017). Early detection and intervention of ASD: A European overview. Brain Sciences, 7(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci7120159
  • Rahbar, M. H., Ibrahim, K., & Assassi, P. (2011). Knowledge and attitude of general practitioners regarding autism in Karachi, Pakistan. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41(4), 465–474. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-010-1068-x
  • Sabuncuoğlu, M., Cebeci, S., Rahbar, M., & Hessabi, M. (2015). Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Knowledge and Attitude of Family Medicine Residents in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Family Medicine & Primary Care, 9(2), 46. https://doi.org/10.5455/tjfmpc.178559
  • Ugur, C., Tonyali, A., Goker, Z., & Uneri, O. S. (2019). Birth order and reproductive stoppage in families of children with autism spectrum disorder. Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 29(4), 509–514. https://doi.org/10.1080/24750573.2018.1457489
  • Wang, C., Geng, H., Liu, W., & Zhang, G. (2017). Prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors associated with autism: Ameta-analysis. Medicine (United States), 96(18), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000006696
  • World Health Organization. (2023). Autism. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/autism-spectrum-disorders.
  • Zeidan, J., Fombonne, E., Scorah, J., Ibrahim, A., Durkin, M. S., Saxena, S., Yusuf, A., Shih, A., & Elsabbagh, M. (2022). Global prevalence of autism: A systematic review update. Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research, 15(5), 778–790. https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2696

Ankara İl Sağlık Müdürlüğü Çalışanlarında Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu Farkındalığının ve Bilgi Düzeyinin Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 3, 96 - 104, 27.11.2024
https://doi.org/10.70852/tmj.1569091

Öz

Amaç: Otizm spektrum bozukluğu (OSB) yaygın olarak gözüken halk sağlığı açısından önemli nörogelişimsel bir bozukluktur. Bu çalışmada sağlık çalışanlarının OSB hakkındaki bilgi ve farkındalık durumlarının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Yöntem: Çalışma Ankara İl Sağlık Müdürlüğü çalışanlarında, Ocak-Haziran 2021 tarihleri arasında yapılan kesitsel bir araştırmadır. Katılımcılar sosyodemografik değişkenleri, OSB ile ilişkilerini, farkındalıklarını ve bilgilerini içeren 40 soruluk anketi yanıtladılar. İstatistiksel analizlerde Mann Whitney U ve Kruskal Wallis testi kullanıldı. İstatistiksel anlamlılık sınırı p<0,05 olarak alındı.

Bulgular: Çalışmada Ankara İl Sağlık Müdürlüğünde görevli yaklaşık 400 bireyin 331’ine (%82,75) ulaşıldı. Çalışma grubunu oluşturan bireylerin yaş ortalaması 41,45±8,87 yıl idi. Katılımcıların 231’i (%69,8) kadın iken, 252’si (%76,1) evli idi. Bireylerin 244’ünün (%73,7) en az bir çocuğu vardı. Ortalama çocuk sayısı 1,32±1,1 idi. Çalışmada yer alan bireylerin %6,9’u OSB’yi hiç duymadığını ifade ederken, duyanların bu konuda en fazla beslendikleri kaynaklar medya, okul ve sağlık çalışanları olarak ifade edilmiştir. Çalışanların %67,7’si TV dizilerinin OSB konusundaki farkındalığını etkilediğini belirtmektedir. Çalışmada kadınların bilgi düzeyinin erkeklerden yüksek olduğu, hekim olanların bilgi düzeylerinin yardımcı sağlık personellerinden yüksek olduğu, birinci basamak sağlık tesislerinde görev yapan bireylerin bilgi düzeylerinin laboratuvar çalışanlarından yüksek olduğu, gelir durumu arttıkça bilgi düzeyinin yükseldiği (her biri için p<0,05) saptandı.

Tartışma: Topluma sağlık hizmeti sunumunda birincil olarak yer alan sağlık profesyonellerinin OSB ile ilgili olan bilgi düzeyleri farklı değişkenlere göre farklılıklar göstermektedir. OSB yaşayan bireylerin toplumdan soyutlanmamaları, ebeveynlerinin sosyal anlamda damgalanmamaları ve bu bireylerin yetenekleri doğrultusunda toplumca desteklenerek sosyal hayata kazandırılabilmeleri adına sağlık profesyonellerinin bilgi ve farkındalıklarının en üst seviyede tutulması büyük önem taşımaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Anwar, M. S., Tahir, M., Nusrat, K., & Khan, M. R. (2018). Knowledge, Awareness, and Perceptions Regarding Autism Among Parents in Karachi, Pakistan. Cureus, 10(9). https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.3299
  • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing. 2013
  • Ayub, A., Naeem, B., Ahmed, W. N., Srichand, S., Aziz, K., Abro, B., Najam, S., Murtaza, D., Janjua, A. A., Ali, S., & Jehan, I. (2017). Knowledge and Perception Regarding Autism among Primary School Teachers: A Cross‑sectional Survey from Pakistan, South Asia. Indian Journal of Community Medicine, 42(1), 147–150. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.IJCM
  • Cavkaytar, A., Özkan, Ş. Y., Ergenekon, Y., Çolak, A., Kaya, Ö., & Cavkaytar, S. (2016). Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu. T.C. Aile ve Sosyal Politikalar Bakanlığı.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2024). Data and Statistics on Autism Spectrum Disorder. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/data.html
  • Erden, G., Akçakın, M., Doğan, D. G., & Ertem, İ. Ö. (2010). Çocuk Hekimleri ve Otizm: Tanıda Zorluklar. 9(1), 9–15.
  • Gölbaşı, H., Demirel, Y., Nemmezi Karaca, S., Uzun Cicek, A., & Sarı, S. A. (2021). Sivas İl Merkezi’nde otizm spektrum bozukluğunun (OSB) yaygınlığı ve aile sağlığı merkezleri sağlık çalışanlarının OSB farkındalıkları. Cukurova Medical Journal, 46(3), 998–1008. https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.904937
  • Hidiroglu, S., Lüleci, N. E., Karavus, M., Tanriover, O., Bayar, E. S., & Karavus, A. (2018). The awareness of childhood autism among residents of neuropsychiatric and other disciplines of a research and training hospital in Istanbul, Turkey. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 68(2), 247–251.
  • Hutton, N. K., Mitchell, C., & van der Riet, M. (2016). Assessing an isiZulu questionnaire with educators in primary schools in Pietermaritzburg to establish a baseline of knowledge of Autism Spectrum Disorder. BMC Pediatrics, 16(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-016-0721-8
  • Igwe, M. N., Ahanotu, A. C., Bakare, M. O., Achor, J. U., & Igwe, C. (2011). Assessment of knowledge about childhood autism among pediatric and psychiatric nurses in Ebonyi state, Nigeria. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 5, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1753-2000-5-1
  • Imran, N., Chaudry, M. R., Azeem, M. W., Bhatti, M. R., Choudhary, Z. I., & Cheema, M. A. (2011). A survey of Autism nowledge and attitudes among the healthcare professionals in Lahore, Pakistan. BMC Pediatrics, 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2431-11-107
  • Jeste, D. V., Lieberman, J. A., Fassler, D., Peele, R., Benson, R. S., Young, M. L., Akaka, J., Bernstein, C. A., Crowley, B., Everett, A. S., Geller, J., Graff, M. D., Greene, J. A., Kashtan, J. F., Mcvoy, M. K., Nininger, J. E., Oldham, J. M., Schatzberg, A. F., Widge, A. S., & Vanderlip, E. R. (2013). DSM-5. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Fifth Edition. In American Psychiatric Association (5th ed., Vol. 17, Issue 7).
  • Kara, H., & Demirtaş, M. S. (2020). Increasing the Awareness of Autism Spectrum Disorder with Training of Pre-School Teachers and School Counselors in Turkey. Journal of Child Science, 10(1), E246–E257. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1721514
  • Karabekiroğlu, K., Cakin Memik, N., Ozel, O. O., Toros, F., Öztop, D., Özbaran, B., Kultur, E. C., Akbaş, S., Taşdemir, G. N., Ayaz, M., Aydın, C., Bildik, T., Erermiş, S., & Yaman, A. K. (2009). DEHB ve Otizm ile İlgili Bilgi Düzeyleri ve Damgalama: Sınıf Öğretmenleri ve Anababalarla Çok Merkezli Bir Çalışma. Klinik Psikiyatri, 12, 79–89. https://www.journalagent.com/kpd/pdfs/KPD_12_2_79_89.pdf
  • Khanna, R., & Jariwala, K. (2012). Awareness and knowledge of autism among pharmacists. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 8(5), 464–471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2011.11.002
  • Liu, Y., Li, J., Zheng, Q., Zaroff, C. M., Hall, B. J., Li, X., & Hao, Y. (2016). Knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of autism spectrum disorder in a stratified sampling of preschool teachers in China. BMC Psychiatry, 16(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-016-0845-2
  • Luleci, N. E., Hidiroglu, S., Karavus, M., Karavus, A., Sanver, F. F., Ozgur, F., Celik, M., & Celik, S. C. (2016). The pharmacists’ awareness, knowledge and attitude about childhood autism in Istanbul. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, 38(6), 1477–1482. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-016-0394-2
  • Ma, Y., Zhou, Y., Liu, Y., Ping, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, X., Zhang, C., Wang, T., & Zhou, H. (2021). Urgency in Improving Child Health Care Workers’ Awareness and Knowledge of ASD: Findings From a Cross-Sectional Study in Southwest China. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12(September), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.703609
  • Magán-Maganto, M., Bejarano-Martín, Á., Fernández-Alvarez, C., Narzisi, A., García-Primo, P., Kawa, R., Posada, M., & Canal-Bedia, R. (2017). Early detection and intervention of ASD: A European overview. Brain Sciences, 7(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci7120159
  • Rahbar, M. H., Ibrahim, K., & Assassi, P. (2011). Knowledge and attitude of general practitioners regarding autism in Karachi, Pakistan. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41(4), 465–474. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-010-1068-x
  • Sabuncuoğlu, M., Cebeci, S., Rahbar, M., & Hessabi, M. (2015). Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Knowledge and Attitude of Family Medicine Residents in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Family Medicine & Primary Care, 9(2), 46. https://doi.org/10.5455/tjfmpc.178559
  • Ugur, C., Tonyali, A., Goker, Z., & Uneri, O. S. (2019). Birth order and reproductive stoppage in families of children with autism spectrum disorder. Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 29(4), 509–514. https://doi.org/10.1080/24750573.2018.1457489
  • Wang, C., Geng, H., Liu, W., & Zhang, G. (2017). Prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors associated with autism: Ameta-analysis. Medicine (United States), 96(18), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000006696
  • World Health Organization. (2023). Autism. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/autism-spectrum-disorders.
  • Zeidan, J., Fombonne, E., Scorah, J., Ibrahim, A., Durkin, M. S., Saxena, S., Yusuf, A., Shih, A., & Elsabbagh, M. (2022). Global prevalence of autism: A systematic review update. Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research, 15(5), 778–790. https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2696
Toplam 25 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Halk Sağlığı (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Ümit Gökdere 0000-0002-5613-437X

Dilek Tunc Ugur 0000-0003-3333-3955

Egemen Ünal 0000-0002-9939-9191

Mehmet Enes Gökler 0000-0002-1524-8565

Salih Mollahaliloğlu 0000-0001-7384-4106

Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Kasım 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 17 Ekim 2024
Kabul Tarihi 14 Kasım 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Gökdere, Ü., Tunc Ugur, D., Ünal, E., Gökler, M. E., vd. (2024). Ankara İl Sağlık Müdürlüğü Çalışanlarında Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu Farkındalığının ve Bilgi Düzeyinin Değerlendirilmesi. Turkish Medical Journal, 9(3), 96-104. https://doi.org/10.70852/tmj.1569091

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