Sarımsağın İnsan Sağlığı Üzerine Etkileri

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 62 - 71, 30.09.2021

Nildem Kızılaslan Kader Tokatlı

Öz

Antibakteriyel, antifungal ve antimikrobiyal özellikte bir sebze olan sarımsak (Allium sativum L.) medikal özelliklerinden dolayı yüzlerce yıldır kullanılmasına rağmen son yıllarda yapılan araştırmalar sarımsağın sağlık üzerine etkilerine yoğunlaşmıştır. Sarımsağın, sağlık üzerine olan olumlu etkilerinden dolayı günlük beslenme programlarında yer almasının önemi ve gerekliliği son yıllarda çok daha fazla vurgulanmaktadır. Bu derlemede, sarımsağın içeriği, kimyasal yapısı ve insan sağlığına yararları konusunda yapılan araştırmalar ile ilgili bilgi verilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Beslenme, İnsan sağlığı, Sarımsak

Effects of Garlic on Human Health

Öz

Although garlic (Allium sativum L.), a vegetable with antibacterial, antifungal and antimicrobial properties, has been used for hundreds of years due to its medicinal properties, recent studies have focused on the health effects of garlic. The importance and necessity of including garlic in daily diet programs due to its positive effects on health has been emphasized much more in recent years. In this review, it is aimed to give information about the content, chemical structure and benefits of garlic to human health.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Nutrition, Human health, Garlic

Kaynakça

• National Canser Institute. Garlic fact [İnternet]. 2020 [son güncelleme Nisan 2015; 15 Haziran 2021 tarihinde erişildi]. Erişim adresi: http://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/diet/garlic-fact-sheet
• Tattelman, E. Health effects of garlic. American family physician. 2005;72(1):103-106.
• Erol A, Alpsoy HC. Sarımsak (Allium sativum) ve geleneksel tedavide kullanımı. Türkiye Parazitoloji Dergisi. 2007;31,145-149.
• Çalışkan B. Türkiye’de yaygın olarak yetişen sarımsak genotiplerinin antimikrobiyal etkilerinin belirlenmesi [Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Bursa: Bursa Teknik Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü; 2021.
• Ali M, Bordia T, Mustafa T. Effect of raw versus boiled aqueous extract of garlic and onion on platelet aggregation. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 1999;60(1):43-47.
• Cavagnaro PF, Camargo A, Galmarini CD, Simon PW. Effect of Cooking on Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Antiplatelet Activity and Thiosulfinates Content. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2007;55(4):1280−1288.
• Chung JY, Kim CS. Antioxidant activities of domestic garlic (Allium sativum L.) stems and garlic bulbs according to cooking methods. Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition. 2009;38(2),188-194.
• The National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. Garlic [İnternet]. 2020 [son güncelleme Aralık 2020; 15 Mayıs 2021 tarihinde erişildi]. Erişim adresi: https://nccih.nih.gov/health/garlic/ataglance.htm
• Trio PZ, You S, He X, He J, Sakao K, Hou DX. Chemopreventive functions and molecular mechanisms of garlic organosulfur compounds. Food & function. 2014;5(5):833-844.
• Borrelli F, Capasso R, Izzo AA. Garlic (Allium sativum L.): adverse effects and drug interactions in humans. Molecular nutrition & food research. 2007;51(11):1386-1397.
• Yun HM, Ban JO, Park KR, Lee CK, Jeong HS, Han SB ve diğ. Potential therapeutic effects of functionally active compounds isolated from garlic. Pharmacology & therapeutics. 2014;142(2):183-195.
• Higdon J, Drake VJ, Lawson DL. Garlic and Organosulfur Compounds [İnternet]. 2008 [15 Eylül 2021 tarihinde erişildi]. Erişim adresi: http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/food-beverages/garlic
• Hiramatsu K, Tsuneyoshi T, Ogawa T, Morihara N. Aged garlic extract enhances heme oxygenase-1 and glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit expression via the nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2–antioxidant response element signaling pathway in human endothelial cells. Nutrition Research. 2016;36(2):143-149.
• Heidarian E, Jafari-Dehkordi E, Seidkhani-Nahal A. Effect of garlic on liver phosphatidate phosphohydrolase and plasma lipid levels in hyperlipidemic rats. Food and chemical toxicology. 2011;49(5):1110-1114.
• Kwak JS, Kim JY, Paek JE, Lee YJ, Kim HR, Park DS ve diğ. Garlic powder intake and cardiovascular risk factors: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Nutrition research and practice, 2014;8(6):644-654.
• Gebhardt R, Beck H. Differential inhibitory effects of garlic-derived organosulfur compounds on cholesterol biosynthesis in primary rat hepatocyte cultures. Lipids. 1996;31(12):1269-1276.
• Sahebkar A, Serban C, Ursoniu S, Banach M. Effect of garlic on plasma lipoprotein (a) concentrations: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Nutrition. 2015;32(1):33-40.
• Xiong XJ, Wang PQ, Li SJ, Li XK, Zhang YQ, Wang J. Garlic for hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Phytomedicine. 2015;22(3):352-361.
• Shouk R, Abdou A, Shetty K, Sarkar D, Eid AH. Mechanisms underlying the antihypertensive effects of garlic bioactives. Nutrition research. 2014;34(2):106-115.
• Battal M, Kartal A, Çitgez B, Yılmaz B, Akçakaya A, Karatepe O. (2015). Impact of allyl disulfide on oxidative damage and liver regeneration in an experimental hepatectomy model. Chirurgia. 2015;110(2):117-22.
• Ghorbani Z, Hajizadeh M, Hekmatdoost A. Dietary supplementation in patients with alcoholic liver disease: a review on current evidence. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 2016;15(4):348e60.
• Abdel-Daim MM, Abdel-Rahman HG, Dessouki AA, El-Far AH, Khodeer DM, Bin-Jumah M ve diğ. Impact of garlic (Allium sativum) oil on cisplatin-induced hepatorenal biochemical and histopathological alterations in rats. Sci Total Environ. 2020;710:136338.
• Arifah SN, Mochammad FA, Lukiati B, Lestari SR. Herbal medicine from single clove garlic oil extract ameliorates hepatic steatosis and oxidative status in high fat diet mice. Malays J Med Sci. 2020;27(1):46e56.
• Zhang C, Xie J, Li X, Luo J, Huang X, Liu L ve diğ. Allin alters gut microbiota and gene expression of colonic epitelial tissues. J Food Biochem 2019;43(4):e12795.
• Soleimani D, Paknahad Z, Askari G, Iraj B, Feiz A. Effect of garlic powder consumption on body composition in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Adv Biomed Res 2016;5:2.
• Kim HN, Kang SG, Roh KY, Choi MK, Son SW. Efficacy and safety of fermented garlic extract on hepatic function in adults with elevated serum gamma glutamyl transpeptidase levels: a double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Eur J Nutr 2016;56(5):1993e2002.
• Charron CS, Dawson HD, Albaugh GP, Solverson PM, Vinyard BT, Solano-Aguilar GI ve diğ. A single meal containing raw, crushed garlic influences expression of immunity-and cancer-related genes in whole blood of humans. The Journal of nutrition. 2015;145(11):2448-2455.
• Kodali RT, Eslick GD. Meta-analysis: Does garlic intake reduce risk of gastric cancer? Nutrition and cancer. 2015;67(1):1-11.
• Turati F, Pelucchi C, Guercio V, La Vecchia C, Galeone C. Allium vegetable intake and gastric cancer: a casecontrol study and meta-analysis. Molecular nutrition & food research. 2015;59(1):171-179.
• Yan JY, Tian FM, Hu, WN, Zhang JH, Cai HF, Li N. Apoptosis of human gastric cancer cells line SGC 7901 induced by garlic-derived compound S-allylmercaptocysteine (SAMC). Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 2013;17(6):745-751.
• Jikihara H, Qi G, Nozoe K, Hirokawa M, Sato H, Sugihara Y, Shimamoto F. Aged garlic extract inhibits 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon tumor development by suppressing cell proliferation. Oncology reports. 2015;33(3):1131-1140.
• Yu CS, Huang AC, Lai KC, Huang YP, Lin MW, Yang JS ve diğ. Diallyl trisulfide induces apoptosis in human primary colorectal cancer cells. Oncology reports. 2012;28(3):949-954.
• Liang D, Qin Y, Zhao W, Zhai X, Guo Z, Wang R ve diğ. S-allylmercaptocysteine effectively inhibits the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Cancer Letters. 201;310(1):69-76.
• Modem S, DiCarlo SE, Reddy TR. Fresh garlic extract induces growth arrest and morphological differentiation of MCF7 breast cancer cells. Genes & cancer. 2012;3(2):177-186.
• Arunkumar R, Sharmila G, Elumalai P, Senthilkumar K, Banudevi S, Gunadharini DN ve diğ. Effect of diallyl disulfide on insulin-like growth factor signaling molecules involved in cell survival and proliferation of human prostate cancer cells in vitro and in silico approach through docking analysis. Phytomedicine. 2012;19(10):912-923.
• Wang HC, Pao J, Lin SY, Sheen LY. Molecular mechanisms of garlic-derived allyl sulfides in the inhibition of skin cancer progression. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2012;1271(1):44.
• Ashraf R, Khan RA, Ashraf I. Garlic (Allium sativum) supplementation with standard antidiabetic agent provides better diabetic control in type 2 diabetes patients. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2011;24(4):565-570.
• Ashraf R, Aamir K, Shaikh AR, Ahmed T. Effects of garlic on dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2005;17(3):60-64.
• Liu Y, Li A, Jiang X, Zhu X, Feng X, Sun X ve diğ. Metabolism and pharmaco-kinetics studies of allyl methyl disulfide in rats. Xenobiotica. 2019;49(1):90-97.
• Ansary J, Forbes-Hernandez TY, Gil E, Cianciosi D, Zhang J, Elexpuru-Zabaleta M ve diğ. Potential health benefit of garlic based on human intervention studies: a brief overview. Antioxidants. 2020;9(7):619.
• World Health Organization. WHO monographs on selected medicinal plants [İnternet]. 1999 [15 Eylül 2021 tarihinde erişildi]. Erişim adresi: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/42052/9241545178.pdf;jsessionid=17AD61757AA572DD8571BD7AD8E23A35?sequence=1
• El-Saber Batiha G, Magdy Beshbishy A, Wasef L G, Elewa YHA, A Al-SaganA, Abd El-Hack MET ve diğ. Chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of garlic (allium sativum L.): a review. Nutrients 2020;12(3):872.