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            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>tojdac</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>The Turkish Online Journal of Design Art and Communication</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2146-5193</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Deniz YENGİN</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7456/tojdac.1858148</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Music (Other)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Müzik (Diğer)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS IN INSTRUMENT MAKING: THE DESIGN OF A HEADLESS DOUBLE BASS AND TUNING SYSTEM</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>ENSTRÜMAN YAPIMINDA YENİLİKÇİ ÇÖZÜMLER: KAFASIZ KONTRBAS TASARIMI VE AKORT SİSTEMİ</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0925-9687</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Turan</surname>
                                    <given-names>Özgür</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>Anadolu Üniversitesi Devlet Konservatuvarı Çalgı Yapımı ve Onarımı Bölümü</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20260401">
                    <day>04</day>
                    <month>01</month>
                    <year>2026</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>16</volume>
                                        <issue>2</issue>
                                        <fpage>1183</fpage>
                                        <lpage>1209</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20260107">
                        <day>01</day>
                        <month>07</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20260328">
                        <day>03</day>
                        <month>28</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2011, The Turkish Online Journal of Design Art and Communication</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2011</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>The Turkish Online Journal of Design Art and Communication</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>Bu çalışma, kontrbasın geleneksel yapısında yer alan kafa (salyangoz) bölümünün işlevini yeniden ele alarak, tam akustik gövdeli, kafasız bir kontrbas ve buna entegre tekli lineer alt akort sistemi tasarımını incelemektedir. Araştırma, kafasız mimarinin akustik, ergonomik ve yapısal sonuçlarını ortaya koymayı; özellikle tel titreşim enerjisinin gövdeye aktarımında belirleyici olan ankraj rijitliği, sap kütle dağılımı ve köprü empedansı gibi parametreleri analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma, tasarım temelli araştırma yaklaşımı doğrultusunda yürütülmüş; kavramsal modelleme, prototip üretimi, icracı odaklı nitel değerlendirmeler ve frekans–zaman alanı akustik analizleri bütüncül bir çerçevede ele alınmıştır. Kafasız kontrbas tasarımının ses kaydı üzerinde gerçekleştirilen spektral analizler, kafasız tasarımda düşük frekans enerji sürekliliğinin korunduğunu, temel frekansın zaman boyunca kararlı seyrettiğini ve sustain davranışının kontrbas karakteriyle uyumlu biçimde sürdüğünü göstermektedir. Röportaj ve saha gözlemleri, tasarımın akort stabilitesi, tepki hızı, tını algısı ve uzun süreli çalım konforu açısından güven veren bir kullanım sunduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Elde edilen bulgular, akustik başarının kafa kütlesine değil, tel–ankraj–sap–köprü hattında kurulan yapısal koherense dayandığını göstermekte; kafasız kontrbası deneysel bir sapma yerine ölçülebilir ve tekrarlanabilir bir yapım yaklaşımı olarak konumlandırmakta; akustik gövdeli yaylı çalgılarda kafasız mimarinin uygulanabilirliğine dair literatürdeki boşluğu dolduran özgün bir tasarım paradigması önermektedir.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <abstract><p>This study reconsiders the functional role of the head (scroll) in the traditional construction of the double bass by examining the design of a fully acoustic, headless double bass integrated with a single linear tailpiece-based tuning system. The research aims to reveal the acoustic, ergonomic, and structural implications of headless architecture, with a particular emphasis on analyzing parameters critical to the transfer of string vibrational energy to the body, such as anchoring stiffness, neck mass distribution, and bridge impedance. Conducted within a design-based research framework, the study adopts a holistic approach encompassing conceptual modeling, prototype fabrication, performer-centered qualitative evaluations, and frequency-domain and time–frequency domain analyses. Spectral analyses of recorded sound samples from the headless double bass demonstrate that low-frequency energy continuity is preserved in the headless design, that the fundamental frequency remains stable over time, and that sustain behavior is maintained in a manner consistent with the characteristic identity of the double bass. Interviews and field observations further indicate that the design offers a reassuring performance in terms of tuning stability, response speed, perceived timbre, and long-term playing comfort. The findings suggest that acoustic success depends not on head mass but on the structural coherence established along the string–anchor–neck–bridge continuum; they position the headless double bass not as an experimental deviation but as a potentially measurable and reproducible construction approach, and propose an original design paradigm that addresses a gap in the literature regarding the applicability of headless architecture in acoustically resonant bowed string instruments.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>çalgı yapım</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  çalgı tasarım</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  kafasız kontrbas</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  tekli alt-akort sistemi</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>instrument making</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  instrument design</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  headless double bass</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  bottom-tuning system</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                                        </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
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