Research Article
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Year 2022, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 8 - 8, 31.12.2022

Boitumelo Rasethuntsa

https://doi.org/10.48119/toleho.1088463
Cited By: 2

Abstract

References

  • Abdelkader, A. (2014). Egypt healthcare system past and future. Available: http://docplayer.net/35415766-Egypt-healthcare-system-past-and-future-amrou-abdelkader-m-d.html. [Accessed: 22 September 2022].
  • Al-Alamain (2021). Covid-19. Sourced https://www.alalameinhotel.com/en/covid-19/ [22 September 2022].
  • Baker, D.M.A. (2015). Tourism and the health effects of infectious diseases: Are there potential risks for tourists? International Journal of Safety and Security in Tourism/Hospitality, 2, pp. 1-18.
  • Blanke, J. & Chiesa, T. (2011). The Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index 2011: Assessing industry drivers in the wake of the crisis. Cologny: World Economic Forum.
  • Brunett, G.W., Kozarsky, P.E., Magill, A.J. & Whatley, A.D. (eds). (2009). CDC health information for international travel 2010. Atlanta: Elsevier Mosby.
  • Cevik, S. & Goretti, M. (2020). Going viral: A gravity model of infectious diseases and tourism inflows. Washington: International Monitory Fund.
  • CNN Travel. (2021). Traveling to Egypt during COVID-19: What you need to know before you go. Sourced https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/egypt-travel-covid-19/index.html. [Accessed: 22 September 2022].
  • Crotti, R. & Misrahi, T. (2015). The Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index: Travel and tourism as a resilient contribution to national development. Cologny: World Economic Forum. Devi, S. (2008). Mauritius counts health successes. The Lancet, 371(9624), pp. 1567-1568.
  • Ganbold, S. (2022). The Number of International Tourists Arrivals in APAC 2021-2021, By Subregion. Sourced https://www.statista.com/statistics/261703/international-tourist-arrivals-in-asia-and-the-pacific-by- region/#:~:text=However%2C%20due%20to%20the%20global,to%2020.9%20million%20in%202021..[Accessed 20 October 2022].
  • Hurnath, C. & Dookhony-Ramphul, K. (2021). Exploring Impacts of a Health Crisis on Emotional Solidarity and Support for Tourism: Case of Mauritius. In Tourism Destination Management in a Post-Pandemic Context. Emerald Publishing Limited.
  • Işık, C., Sirakaya-Turk, E. & Ongan, S. (2020). Testing the efficacy of the economic policy uncertainty index on tourism demand in USMCA: Theory and evidence. Tourism Economics, 26(8), pp.1344-1357.
  • Jovanović, S., Janković–Milić, V. and Ilić, I., 2015. Health and Hygiene Importance for the Improvement of Tourism Sector Competitiveness in Serbia and the South-Eastern Europe Countries. Procedia Economics and Finance, (19), pp. 373-382.
  • Kreiner, N.C. & Ram, Y. (2020). National tourism strategies during the Covid-19 pandemic. Annals of Tourism Research. doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2020.103076.
  • Lock, S. (2022). Coronavirus (COVID-19): Impact on health and hygiene in the tourism industry worldwide – statistics and facts. Sourced https://www.statista.com/topics/8848/health-and-hygiene-in-the-tourism-industry-worldwide/#dossierKeyfigures. [22 September 2022].
  • MacDonald, S. & Headlam, N. (2008). Research Methods Handbook: Introductory guide to research methods for social research. Centre for Local Economic Strategies.
  • Mauritius Now. (2021). It’s time for a holiday in Mauritius. Sourced https://mauritiusnow.com/. [Accessed: 22 September 2022].
  • Ministry of Energy and Public Utilities. (2014). National Water Policy: Mauritius. Sourced http://publicutilities.govmu.org/English/publications/Documents/National%20Water%20Policy.PDF. [Accessed: 22 September 2022].
  • Ministry of Health and Quality of Life. (2017). Draft Health Sector Strategy 2017-2021. Sourced http://www.nationalplanningcycles.org/sites/default/files/planning_cycle_repository/mauritius/draft_health_sector_strategy_mauritius_2017-2021.pdf. [Accessed: 21 September 2022].
  • Ministry of Health and Quality of Life. (2018a). Food Act 1998. Sourced: http://health.govmu.org/English/Legislations/Pages/Foodact1998.aspx. [Accessed: 21 September 2022].
  • Ministry of Health and Quality of Life. (2018b). Prevention and control of chikungunya, dengue, malaria and zika are critical, says minister Husnoo. Sourced: http://www.govmu.org/English/News/Pages/Prevention-and-control-of-Chikungunya,-Dengue,-Malaria-and-Zika-are-critical,-says-Minister-Husnoo.aspx. [Accessed: 22 September 2022].
  • Mishra, S.B. & Alok, S. (2017). Handbook of research methodology. Educreation Publishing: New Delhi
  • Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D.G. & Prisma Group (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS medicine, 6(7), p.e1000097.
  • Muoki, D. (2021). Impact Assessment of COVID-19 Pandemic of the Tourism and Hospitality Industry in the EAC and Post Recovery Strategy for the Sector. Nairobi: African Economic Research Consortium.
  • Msuya, R.I. (2015). Tourism Industry in Tanzania: The Missing Links to Become an Attractive and Competitive Tourist Destination. Journal of Business Administration and Education, 7(2):213-233.
  • New Zealand Ministry of Health. (2016). Responding to public health threats of international concerns at New Zealand air and sea ports. Sourced: https://www.health.govt.nz/system/files/documents/publications/responding-public-health-threats-international-concern-nz-air-sea-ports-aug16.pdf. [Accessed: 22 September 2022].
  • Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2020). Rebuilding Tourism for the Future: COVID-19 Policy Responses and Recovery. Paris: OECD.
  • Pan American Health Organization. (1997). Health and tourism. Pan American Health Organization: Washington.
  • Piper, R.J. (2013). How to write a systematic literature review: a guide for medical students. National AMR, fostering medical research, 2013:1.
  • Poletto, C., Gomes, M. F. C., Piontti, A. P. Y, Rossi, L., Bioglio, L., Chao, D. L. & Vespignani, A. (2014). Assessing the impact of travel restrictions on international spread of the 2014 West African Ebola epidemic Euro Surveillance: Bulletin Europeen Sur Les Maladies Transmissibles = European Communicable Disease Bulletin, 19(42), pp. 20936.
  • Rasethuntsa, B.C. (2021). Lesotho tourists’ perspectives towards the delivery of private service providers. International Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Studies, 2(2), pp. 109-118.
  • Salem, I.E., Elkhwesky, Z. & Ramkissoon, H. (2021). A content analysis for governments and hotels’ response to COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 14673584211002614. Snyder, H. (2019). Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines. Journal of business research, 104:333-339.
  • The Arab Weekly. (2021). Egypt eases hotel restrictions as it expects tourism to pick up. Sourced https://thearabweekly.com/egypt-eases-hotel-restrictions-it-expects-tourism-pick. [22 September 2022].
  • The World Bank. 2018. 45 million Egyptians to benefit from improvements to the public health systems. Washington DC: The World Bank Group.
  • Tourism Mauritius. (2018). Medical tourism. Sourced https://www.tourism-mauritius.mu/en-int/medical-tourism. [Accessed: 22 September 2022].
  • United Nations World Tourism Organization. (2020). Tourism back to 1990 levels arrivals fall by 70%. Madrid: UNWTO.
  • United Nations World Tourism Organization. (2021). International tourism and COVID-19. Madrid: UNWTO.
  • Uysal, D. (2022). Gen-Z’s consumption behaviours in post-pandemic tourism sector. Journal of Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality, 4(1), pp. 67-79.
  • Walliman, N. (2011). Research methods: The basics. London: Routledge Taylor and Francis Group.
  • Waste Water Authority. (2015). Annual Report 2015. Port Louis: Mauritius.
  • World Economic Forum. (2007). Travel and Tourism Competitive Index Report 2007. Cologny: World Economic Forum.
  • World Economic Forum. (2015). Travel and Tourism Competitive Index Report 2015. Cologny: World Economic Forum.
  • World Economic Forum. (2017). Travel and Tourism Competitive Index Report 2017 Cologny: World Economic Forum.
  • World Economic Forum. (2019). Travel and Tourism Competitive Index Report 2019 Cologny: World Economic Forum.
  • World Economic Forum. (2022). Travel and Tourism Competitive Index Report 2022 Cologny: World Economic Forum.
  • World Health Organization. (2012). International travel and health. Geneva: World Health Organization.
  • World Travel and Tourism Council. (2021). Travel and Tourism Economic Impact 2021. World London: Travel and Economic Council.
  • Youssry, S. & Partners. (2018). Food and beverage safety in Egypt. Sourced https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=2a236aec-8843-4c94-bd92-751662fa5939. [Accessed: 22 September 2022].

Health and hygiene strategies for tourism promotion: Guidelines for Africa

Year 2022, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 8 - 8, 31.12.2022

Boitumelo Rasethuntsa

https://doi.org/10.48119/toleho.1088463
Cited By: 2

Abstract

The tourism sector plays a significant role in Africa’s economic development. However, African countries are weak contenders in global tourism, hence, it is important to develop mechanisms to elevate the continent tourism performance. The World Economic Forum identifies health and hygiene as one of the 14 pillars necessary to enhance tourism competitiveness. Through the use of literature review approach, this study investigates the tourism related health and hygiene practices utilised by Mauritius and Egypt that contributed to their success story in tourism competitiveness. The findings highlight practices inclusive of; development of health and hygiene policies, regulations and guidelines, enforcement of policy implementations, government funding health related initiatives, and COVID-19 regulations as supportive structures of the two countries’ tourism competitiveness. This study further provides short- and medium-term recommendations that could be adopted to improve the health and hygiene environment to support tourism activities.  

Keywords

tourism health and hygiene Africa strategies COVID-19

References

  • Abdelkader, A. (2014). Egypt healthcare system past and future. Available: http://docplayer.net/35415766-Egypt-healthcare-system-past-and-future-amrou-abdelkader-m-d.html. [Accessed: 22 September 2022].
  • Al-Alamain (2021). Covid-19. Sourced https://www.alalameinhotel.com/en/covid-19/ [22 September 2022].
  • Baker, D.M.A. (2015). Tourism and the health effects of infectious diseases: Are there potential risks for tourists? International Journal of Safety and Security in Tourism/Hospitality, 2, pp. 1-18.
  • Blanke, J. & Chiesa, T. (2011). The Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index 2011: Assessing industry drivers in the wake of the crisis. Cologny: World Economic Forum.
  • Brunett, G.W., Kozarsky, P.E., Magill, A.J. & Whatley, A.D. (eds). (2009). CDC health information for international travel 2010. Atlanta: Elsevier Mosby.
  • Cevik, S. & Goretti, M. (2020). Going viral: A gravity model of infectious diseases and tourism inflows. Washington: International Monitory Fund.
  • CNN Travel. (2021). Traveling to Egypt during COVID-19: What you need to know before you go. Sourced https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/egypt-travel-covid-19/index.html. [Accessed: 22 September 2022].
  • Crotti, R. & Misrahi, T. (2015). The Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index: Travel and tourism as a resilient contribution to national development. Cologny: World Economic Forum. Devi, S. (2008). Mauritius counts health successes. The Lancet, 371(9624), pp. 1567-1568.
  • Ganbold, S. (2022). The Number of International Tourists Arrivals in APAC 2021-2021, By Subregion. Sourced https://www.statista.com/statistics/261703/international-tourist-arrivals-in-asia-and-the-pacific-by- region/#:~:text=However%2C%20due%20to%20the%20global,to%2020.9%20million%20in%202021..[Accessed 20 October 2022].
  • Hurnath, C. & Dookhony-Ramphul, K. (2021). Exploring Impacts of a Health Crisis on Emotional Solidarity and Support for Tourism: Case of Mauritius. In Tourism Destination Management in a Post-Pandemic Context. Emerald Publishing Limited.
  • Işık, C., Sirakaya-Turk, E. & Ongan, S. (2020). Testing the efficacy of the economic policy uncertainty index on tourism demand in USMCA: Theory and evidence. Tourism Economics, 26(8), pp.1344-1357.
  • Jovanović, S., Janković–Milić, V. and Ilić, I., 2015. Health and Hygiene Importance for the Improvement of Tourism Sector Competitiveness in Serbia and the South-Eastern Europe Countries. Procedia Economics and Finance, (19), pp. 373-382.
  • Kreiner, N.C. & Ram, Y. (2020). National tourism strategies during the Covid-19 pandemic. Annals of Tourism Research. doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2020.103076.
  • Lock, S. (2022). Coronavirus (COVID-19): Impact on health and hygiene in the tourism industry worldwide – statistics and facts. Sourced https://www.statista.com/topics/8848/health-and-hygiene-in-the-tourism-industry-worldwide/#dossierKeyfigures. [22 September 2022].
  • MacDonald, S. & Headlam, N. (2008). Research Methods Handbook: Introductory guide to research methods for social research. Centre for Local Economic Strategies.
  • Mauritius Now. (2021). It’s time for a holiday in Mauritius. Sourced https://mauritiusnow.com/. [Accessed: 22 September 2022].
  • Ministry of Energy and Public Utilities. (2014). National Water Policy: Mauritius. Sourced http://publicutilities.govmu.org/English/publications/Documents/National%20Water%20Policy.PDF. [Accessed: 22 September 2022].
  • Ministry of Health and Quality of Life. (2017). Draft Health Sector Strategy 2017-2021. Sourced http://www.nationalplanningcycles.org/sites/default/files/planning_cycle_repository/mauritius/draft_health_sector_strategy_mauritius_2017-2021.pdf. [Accessed: 21 September 2022].
  • Ministry of Health and Quality of Life. (2018a). Food Act 1998. Sourced: http://health.govmu.org/English/Legislations/Pages/Foodact1998.aspx. [Accessed: 21 September 2022].
  • Ministry of Health and Quality of Life. (2018b). Prevention and control of chikungunya, dengue, malaria and zika are critical, says minister Husnoo. Sourced: http://www.govmu.org/English/News/Pages/Prevention-and-control-of-Chikungunya,-Dengue,-Malaria-and-Zika-are-critical,-says-Minister-Husnoo.aspx. [Accessed: 22 September 2022].
  • Mishra, S.B. & Alok, S. (2017). Handbook of research methodology. Educreation Publishing: New Delhi
  • Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D.G. & Prisma Group (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS medicine, 6(7), p.e1000097.
  • Muoki, D. (2021). Impact Assessment of COVID-19 Pandemic of the Tourism and Hospitality Industry in the EAC and Post Recovery Strategy for the Sector. Nairobi: African Economic Research Consortium.
  • Msuya, R.I. (2015). Tourism Industry in Tanzania: The Missing Links to Become an Attractive and Competitive Tourist Destination. Journal of Business Administration and Education, 7(2):213-233.
  • New Zealand Ministry of Health. (2016). Responding to public health threats of international concerns at New Zealand air and sea ports. Sourced: https://www.health.govt.nz/system/files/documents/publications/responding-public-health-threats-international-concern-nz-air-sea-ports-aug16.pdf. [Accessed: 22 September 2022].
  • Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2020). Rebuilding Tourism for the Future: COVID-19 Policy Responses and Recovery. Paris: OECD.
  • Pan American Health Organization. (1997). Health and tourism. Pan American Health Organization: Washington.
  • Piper, R.J. (2013). How to write a systematic literature review: a guide for medical students. National AMR, fostering medical research, 2013:1.
  • Poletto, C., Gomes, M. F. C., Piontti, A. P. Y, Rossi, L., Bioglio, L., Chao, D. L. & Vespignani, A. (2014). Assessing the impact of travel restrictions on international spread of the 2014 West African Ebola epidemic Euro Surveillance: Bulletin Europeen Sur Les Maladies Transmissibles = European Communicable Disease Bulletin, 19(42), pp. 20936.
  • Rasethuntsa, B.C. (2021). Lesotho tourists’ perspectives towards the delivery of private service providers. International Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Studies, 2(2), pp. 109-118.
  • Salem, I.E., Elkhwesky, Z. & Ramkissoon, H. (2021). A content analysis for governments and hotels’ response to COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 14673584211002614. Snyder, H. (2019). Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines. Journal of business research, 104:333-339.
  • The Arab Weekly. (2021). Egypt eases hotel restrictions as it expects tourism to pick up. Sourced https://thearabweekly.com/egypt-eases-hotel-restrictions-it-expects-tourism-pick. [22 September 2022].
  • The World Bank. 2018. 45 million Egyptians to benefit from improvements to the public health systems. Washington DC: The World Bank Group.
  • Tourism Mauritius. (2018). Medical tourism. Sourced https://www.tourism-mauritius.mu/en-int/medical-tourism. [Accessed: 22 September 2022].
  • United Nations World Tourism Organization. (2020). Tourism back to 1990 levels arrivals fall by 70%. Madrid: UNWTO.
  • United Nations World Tourism Organization. (2021). International tourism and COVID-19. Madrid: UNWTO.
  • Uysal, D. (2022). Gen-Z’s consumption behaviours in post-pandemic tourism sector. Journal of Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality, 4(1), pp. 67-79.
  • Walliman, N. (2011). Research methods: The basics. London: Routledge Taylor and Francis Group.
  • Waste Water Authority. (2015). Annual Report 2015. Port Louis: Mauritius.
  • World Economic Forum. (2007). Travel and Tourism Competitive Index Report 2007. Cologny: World Economic Forum.
  • World Economic Forum. (2015). Travel and Tourism Competitive Index Report 2015. Cologny: World Economic Forum.
  • World Economic Forum. (2017). Travel and Tourism Competitive Index Report 2017 Cologny: World Economic Forum.
  • World Economic Forum. (2019). Travel and Tourism Competitive Index Report 2019 Cologny: World Economic Forum.
  • World Economic Forum. (2022). Travel and Tourism Competitive Index Report 2022 Cologny: World Economic Forum.
  • World Health Organization. (2012). International travel and health. Geneva: World Health Organization.
  • World Travel and Tourism Council. (2021). Travel and Tourism Economic Impact 2021. World London: Travel and Economic Council.
  • Youssry, S. & Partners. (2018). Food and beverage safety in Egypt. Sourced https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=2a236aec-8843-4c94-bd92-751662fa5939. [Accessed: 22 September 2022].
There are 47 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Tourism (Other)
Journal Section Peer-reviewed Articles
Authors

Boitumelo Rasethuntsa 0000-0002-3951-2631

Early Pub Date September 19, 2022
Publication Date December 31, 2022
Submission Date March 15, 2022
Acceptance Date November 7, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 4 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Rasethuntsa, B. (2022). Health and hygiene strategies for tourism promotion: Guidelines for Africa. Journal of Tourism Leisure and Hospitality, 4(2), 8-8. https://doi.org/10.48119/toleho.1088463

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