Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

A new alternative in the field of tour guiding emerging after COVID-19: Online guided virtual tour

Year 2024, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 59 - 71, 02.07.2024

Muhammed Kavak , Oktay Emir , Yalçın Arslantürk

https://doi.org/10.48119/toleho.1479353

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate online guided virtual tours, which started to be massified for the first time with the COVID-19 pandemic, as an alternative in the context of the tour guiding profession and to address them in a holistic approach. The pandemic is known to have accelerated the pace of digitalization globally and transformed many professions. It is seen that tour guides, who are considered key stakeholders in the tourism sector, are also faced with new alternative practices in the face of this digitalization. Among these new applications, online guided virtual tours, which have become massive with the impact of global sharing platforms such as Airbnb and TripAdvisor, are considered an alternative in the tour guide profession. Considering that digital and virtual applications have become widespread in recent years and have the potential to grow gradually, the investigation of online guided virtual tours, which are predicted to create an important alternative in the field of tour guiding, is essential in terms of providing a perspective to the tour guiding profession and stakeholders. Online guided virtual tours should be used effectively in the pre-promotion of the touristic destination in terms of encouraging travel and positively affecting the tendency to visit on-site. In this conceptual study, an evaluation and some suggestions are given regarding the possible usage areas of these virtual tours in the field of tour guiding and their impact on the profession's future.

Keywords

Tour Guiding Digitalization COVID-19 Online Guided Virtual Tour

Ethical Statement

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Supporting Institution

Anadolu University

Project Number

2205S059

Thanks

We would like to thank Anadolu University for their project support.

References

  • Abbas, J., Mubeen, R., Iorember, P. T., Raza, S., & Mamirkulova, G. (2021). Exploring the impact of COVID-19 on tourism: transformational potential and implications for a sustainable recovery of the travel and leisure industry. Current Research in Behavioral Sciences.
  • Ahipaşaoğlu, S. (2006). Turizmde Rehberlik. (2. Baskı). Ankara Gazi Kitabevi.
  • Aksoy, G. & Baş, M. (2020). Dijital Turizm Kapsamında Şehir Tanıtımında Kullanılan Bir Araç Olarak Sanal Tur. Türk Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(3), pp. 2542-2564.
  • Ap, J., & Wong, K. K. (2001). Case study on tour guiding: Professionalism, issues and problems. Tourism Management, 22(5), 551-563.
  • Batman, O. (2003). Türkiye’deki Profesyonel Turist Rehberlerinin Mesleki Sorunlarına Yönelik Bir Araştırma. Bilgi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (2), pp. 117-134.
  • Blaer, M. (2023). Interactive webcam travel: Supporting wildlife tourism and conservation during COVID-19 lockdowns. Information Technology & Tourism, pp. 1-23.
  • Brito, L. M. & Carvalho, C. (2021). Reflections on How the COVID-19 Pandemic can Change Tour Guiding. International Journal of Tour Guiding Research, 2(1).
  • Buhalis, D. (2000). Tourism and information technologies: Past, present and future. Tourism Recreation Research, 25(1), pp. 41-58.
  • Buhalis, D., & O’Connor, P. (2005). Information communication technology revolutionizing tourism. Tourism Recreation Research, 30(3), 7-16.
  • Buhalis, D., Leung, D., & Lin, M. (2023). Metaverse as a disruptive technology revolutionising tourism management and marketing. Tourism Management, 97, 104724.
  • Cenni, I., & Vásquez, C. (2022). Early adopters’ responses to a virtual tourism product: Airbnb’s online experiences. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 16(1), pp. 121-137.
  • Cetin, G., & Yarcan, S. (2017). The professional relationship between tour guides and tour operators. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 17(4), pp. 345-357.
  • Chowdhary, N. & Prakash, M. (2022). Interpreration and Tour Leadership: Principles and Practices of Tour Guiding. Britain, Oxford: Goodfellow Publishers.
  • Çapar, G. & Karamustafa, K. (2018). Turist Rehberliği ve Teknoloji. Eser, S., Şahin, S. & Çakıcı, A. C. (Ed.). Turist Rehberliği. In (p. 205-219). Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
  • De La Harpe, M. & Sevenhuysen, K. (2020). New Technologies in the Field of Tourist Guiding: Threat or Tool? Journal of Tourismology, 6(1), pp. 13-33.
  • Düzgün, E. & Kurt, A. (2020). Covid-19 (Koronavirüs) Salgınının Turist Rehberleri Üzerindeki Etkileri: Ankara Turist Rehberleri Odası Örneği. Karadeniz Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 12(23), pp. 301-321.
  • Dybsand, H. N. H. (2022). ‘The next best thing to being there’–participant perceptions of virtual guided tours offered during the COVID-19 pandemic. Current Issues in Tourism, 1-14.
  • El-Said, O., & Aziz, H. (2022). Virtual Tours a Means to an End: An Analysis of Virtual Tours’ Role in Tourism Recovery Post COVID-19. Journal of Travel Research, 61(3), pp. 528–548.
  • Galí, N. (2022). Impacts of COVID-19 on local tour guides, Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 20(6), 788-805.
  • Goeldner, C. R. & Ritchie, J. R. B. (2023). Turizm: İlkeler, Uygulamalar ve Felsefeler. (Çev. Ed. A. Tayfun). Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Gössling, S., Larson, M. & Pumputis, A. (2021). Mutual surveillance on Airbnb. Annals of Tourism Research, 91.
  • Guttentag, D. A. (2015). Airbnb: Disruptive innovation and the rise of an informal tourism accommodation sector. Current Issues in Tourism, 18(12), pp. 1192–1217.
  • Gyimóthy, S., Braun, E., & Zenker, S. (2022). Travel-at-home: Paradoxical effects of a pandemic threat on domestic tourism. Tourism Management, 93.
  • Jonasson, M. (2011). Virtual- and live guided tours: Exchanging experiences. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 8(2), pp. 78–94.
  • Kırıcı Tekeli, E. (2022). Development of Studies on Tourism Guidance and Technology from Past to Present: A Bibliometric Analysis with Visual Mapping Technique. Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies, 10(4), pp. 2843-2861.
  • Lu, J., Xiao, X., Xu, Z., Wang, C., Zhang M. & Zhou, Y. (2022). The potential of virtual tourism in the recovery of tourism industry during the COVID-19 pandemic, Current Issues in Tourism, 25(3), pp. 441-457,
  • Marks, P. (2020). Virtual collaboration in the age of the coronavirus. Communications of the ACM, 63(9), 21–23.
  • Mastroberardino, P., Calabrese, G., Cortese, F., & Petracca, M. (2021). New perspectives of experiential tourism: an exploratory analysis of live virtual tours during the COVID-19 outbreak. The TQM Journal.
  • Mirzaei, R., Sadin, M. & Pedram, M. (2023). Tourism and COVID-19: Changes in travel patterns and tourists' behavior in Iran. Journal of Tourism Futures, 9(1), pp. 49-61.
  • Nautiyal, R., & Polus, R. (2022). Virtual tours as a solidarity tourism product? Annals of Tourism Research Empirical Insights, 3(2).
  • Nazlı, M. (2020). The future of tourist guidance concerning the digital technology: A Comparative Study. International Journal of Contemporary Tourism Research, 4 (1), pp. 66-78.
  • Nazli, M. (2021). Tourist guides facing the impacts of the pandemic COVID-19, Current Issues in Tourism, pp. 1866-1870.
  • Pencarelli, T. (2020). The digital revolution in the travel and tourism industry. Information Technology & Tourism, 22(3):455– 476.
  • Podsukhina, E., Smith, M. K., & Pinke-Sziva, I. (2022). A critical evaluation of mobile guided tour apps: Motivators and inhibitors for tour guides and customers. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 22(4), pp. 414–424.
  • Poon, A. (1988). Tourism and information technologies. Annals of Tourism Research, 15(4), pp. 531-549.
  • Prabowo, R. R. (2022). The implementation of 4C in guided virtual tour: Case study Jakarta good guide. Media Wisata, 20(2), pp. 315-331.
  • Pu, P., Cheng, L., Samarathunga, WHMS. & Wall, G. (2023). Tour guides’ sustainable tourism practices in host-guest interactions: when Tibet meets the west. Tourism Review, 78(3), pp. 808-833.
  • Repo, R. & Pesonen, J. (2022). Identifying the Main Service Elements for Customer-Oriented Live Guided Virtual Tours. Stienmetz, J.L., Ferrer-Rosell, B., Massimo, D. (Eds), Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2022 In 213-225. ENTER 2022. Springer.
  • Sigala, M. (2018). New technologies in tourism: From multi-disciplinary to anti-disciplinary advances and trajectories. Tourism Management Perspectives, 25, pp. 151-155.
  • Türker, A. ve Karaca, K. Ç. (2020). Yeni Tip Koronavirüs (COVID-19) Salgını Sonrası Turizm ve Turist Rehberliği. Turist Rehberliği Nitel Araştırmalar Dergisi, 1(1), 1-19.
  • Uca, S. & Karahan, S. (2022). Çevrimiçi Rehberli Sanal Turlara Katılan Ziyaretçi Deneyimleri: Airbnb Örneği. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Issues, 4(2), pp. 108-122.
  • Viana-Lora, A., Domènech, A. & Gutiérrez, A. (2023), COVID-19 and tourist mobility at destinations: a literature review and emerging research agenda. Journal of Tourism Futures, 9(1), pp. 21-34.
  • Weiler, B. & Black, R. (2014). Tour Guiding Research: Insights, Issues and Implications. United Kingdom. Channel View Publications.
  • Wong, I. A., Lin, S. K., Lin, Z. C., & Xiong, X. (2022). Welcome to stay-at-home travel and virtual attention restoration. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 51, pp. 207-217.
  • Wright, D.W.M. (2023). Travel and the climate crisis: Exploring COVID-19 impacts and the power of stories to encourage change. Journal of Tourism Futures, 9(1), pp. 116-135.
  • Wu, X. & Lai, I. K. W. (2021). Identifying the response factors in the formation of a sense of presence and a destination image from a 360-degree virtual tour. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 21, 100640.
  • Xiang, Z., Magnini, V. P., & Fesenmaier, D. R. (2015). Information technology and consumer behavior in travel and tourism: Insights from travel planning using the internet. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 22, pp. 244-249.
  • Yamada, N. & Matsuda, M. (2023). Not the Same as Real Experience! – a qualitative inquiry into how participants make sense of their online tours. Tourism Recreation Research, pp. 1-15.
  • Yung, R., Le, T. H., Moyle, B., & Arcodia, C. (2022). Towards a typology of virtual events. Tourism Management, 92, 104560.
  • Zhang, J. & Qiu, H. (2022). Window to the destination: tourists’ local experience via “online experiences” on airbnb amid the pandemic. In 310-315. Stienmetz, J.L., Ferrer-Rosell, B., Massimo, D. (Eds), Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2022. ENTER 2022. Springer.
  • Zhu, J. & Cheng, M. (2022). The rise of a new form of virtual tour: Airbnb peer-to-peer online experience. Current Issues in Tourism, 25(22), pp. 3565-3570.
  • Airbnb. (2024). Walk in to the Taj Mahal with a professional Tour Guide https://www.airbnb.co.uk/experiences/2978135?currentTab=experience_tab&federatedSearchId=5dc52c4b-e3c4-4fb6-a692-46532045fa91&searchId=b6614a62-3ad5-46a4-879d-25ad40797917&sectionId=59b32385-5430-4feb-8947-11d9ceb90bf1&source=p2&_set_bev_on_new_domain=1713985550_ZmZjOGEzNmZhNjU4 (24/04/2024)
  • Piri Guide. (2024). https://blog.piriguide.com/en/ (25/04/2024)
  • ToursByLocals, (2024). Live Virtual Tours. https://www.toursbylocals.com/Live-Virtual-Tours (25/04/2024).

Year 2024, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 59 - 71, 02.07.2024

Muhammed Kavak , Oktay Emir , Yalçın Arslantürk

https://doi.org/10.48119/toleho.1479353

Abstract

Project Number

2205S059

References

  • Abbas, J., Mubeen, R., Iorember, P. T., Raza, S., & Mamirkulova, G. (2021). Exploring the impact of COVID-19 on tourism: transformational potential and implications for a sustainable recovery of the travel and leisure industry. Current Research in Behavioral Sciences.
  • Ahipaşaoğlu, S. (2006). Turizmde Rehberlik. (2. Baskı). Ankara Gazi Kitabevi.
  • Aksoy, G. & Baş, M. (2020). Dijital Turizm Kapsamında Şehir Tanıtımında Kullanılan Bir Araç Olarak Sanal Tur. Türk Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(3), pp. 2542-2564.
  • Ap, J., & Wong, K. K. (2001). Case study on tour guiding: Professionalism, issues and problems. Tourism Management, 22(5), 551-563.
  • Batman, O. (2003). Türkiye’deki Profesyonel Turist Rehberlerinin Mesleki Sorunlarına Yönelik Bir Araştırma. Bilgi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (2), pp. 117-134.
  • Blaer, M. (2023). Interactive webcam travel: Supporting wildlife tourism and conservation during COVID-19 lockdowns. Information Technology & Tourism, pp. 1-23.
  • Brito, L. M. & Carvalho, C. (2021). Reflections on How the COVID-19 Pandemic can Change Tour Guiding. International Journal of Tour Guiding Research, 2(1).
  • Buhalis, D. (2000). Tourism and information technologies: Past, present and future. Tourism Recreation Research, 25(1), pp. 41-58.
  • Buhalis, D., & O’Connor, P. (2005). Information communication technology revolutionizing tourism. Tourism Recreation Research, 30(3), 7-16.
  • Buhalis, D., Leung, D., & Lin, M. (2023). Metaverse as a disruptive technology revolutionising tourism management and marketing. Tourism Management, 97, 104724.
  • Cenni, I., & Vásquez, C. (2022). Early adopters’ responses to a virtual tourism product: Airbnb’s online experiences. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 16(1), pp. 121-137.
  • Cetin, G., & Yarcan, S. (2017). The professional relationship between tour guides and tour operators. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 17(4), pp. 345-357.
  • Chowdhary, N. & Prakash, M. (2022). Interpreration and Tour Leadership: Principles and Practices of Tour Guiding. Britain, Oxford: Goodfellow Publishers.
  • Çapar, G. & Karamustafa, K. (2018). Turist Rehberliği ve Teknoloji. Eser, S., Şahin, S. & Çakıcı, A. C. (Ed.). Turist Rehberliği. In (p. 205-219). Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
  • De La Harpe, M. & Sevenhuysen, K. (2020). New Technologies in the Field of Tourist Guiding: Threat or Tool? Journal of Tourismology, 6(1), pp. 13-33.
  • Düzgün, E. & Kurt, A. (2020). Covid-19 (Koronavirüs) Salgınının Turist Rehberleri Üzerindeki Etkileri: Ankara Turist Rehberleri Odası Örneği. Karadeniz Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 12(23), pp. 301-321.
  • Dybsand, H. N. H. (2022). ‘The next best thing to being there’–participant perceptions of virtual guided tours offered during the COVID-19 pandemic. Current Issues in Tourism, 1-14.
  • El-Said, O., & Aziz, H. (2022). Virtual Tours a Means to an End: An Analysis of Virtual Tours’ Role in Tourism Recovery Post COVID-19. Journal of Travel Research, 61(3), pp. 528–548.
  • Galí, N. (2022). Impacts of COVID-19 on local tour guides, Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 20(6), 788-805.
  • Goeldner, C. R. & Ritchie, J. R. B. (2023). Turizm: İlkeler, Uygulamalar ve Felsefeler. (Çev. Ed. A. Tayfun). Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Gössling, S., Larson, M. & Pumputis, A. (2021). Mutual surveillance on Airbnb. Annals of Tourism Research, 91.
  • Guttentag, D. A. (2015). Airbnb: Disruptive innovation and the rise of an informal tourism accommodation sector. Current Issues in Tourism, 18(12), pp. 1192–1217.
  • Gyimóthy, S., Braun, E., & Zenker, S. (2022). Travel-at-home: Paradoxical effects of a pandemic threat on domestic tourism. Tourism Management, 93.
  • Jonasson, M. (2011). Virtual- and live guided tours: Exchanging experiences. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 8(2), pp. 78–94.
  • Kırıcı Tekeli, E. (2022). Development of Studies on Tourism Guidance and Technology from Past to Present: A Bibliometric Analysis with Visual Mapping Technique. Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies, 10(4), pp. 2843-2861.
  • Lu, J., Xiao, X., Xu, Z., Wang, C., Zhang M. & Zhou, Y. (2022). The potential of virtual tourism in the recovery of tourism industry during the COVID-19 pandemic, Current Issues in Tourism, 25(3), pp. 441-457,
  • Marks, P. (2020). Virtual collaboration in the age of the coronavirus. Communications of the ACM, 63(9), 21–23.
  • Mastroberardino, P., Calabrese, G., Cortese, F., & Petracca, M. (2021). New perspectives of experiential tourism: an exploratory analysis of live virtual tours during the COVID-19 outbreak. The TQM Journal.
  • Mirzaei, R., Sadin, M. & Pedram, M. (2023). Tourism and COVID-19: Changes in travel patterns and tourists' behavior in Iran. Journal of Tourism Futures, 9(1), pp. 49-61.
  • Nautiyal, R., & Polus, R. (2022). Virtual tours as a solidarity tourism product? Annals of Tourism Research Empirical Insights, 3(2).
  • Nazlı, M. (2020). The future of tourist guidance concerning the digital technology: A Comparative Study. International Journal of Contemporary Tourism Research, 4 (1), pp. 66-78.
  • Nazli, M. (2021). Tourist guides facing the impacts of the pandemic COVID-19, Current Issues in Tourism, pp. 1866-1870.
  • Pencarelli, T. (2020). The digital revolution in the travel and tourism industry. Information Technology & Tourism, 22(3):455– 476.
  • Podsukhina, E., Smith, M. K., & Pinke-Sziva, I. (2022). A critical evaluation of mobile guided tour apps: Motivators and inhibitors for tour guides and customers. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 22(4), pp. 414–424.
  • Poon, A. (1988). Tourism and information technologies. Annals of Tourism Research, 15(4), pp. 531-549.
  • Prabowo, R. R. (2022). The implementation of 4C in guided virtual tour: Case study Jakarta good guide. Media Wisata, 20(2), pp. 315-331.
  • Pu, P., Cheng, L., Samarathunga, WHMS. & Wall, G. (2023). Tour guides’ sustainable tourism practices in host-guest interactions: when Tibet meets the west. Tourism Review, 78(3), pp. 808-833.
  • Repo, R. & Pesonen, J. (2022). Identifying the Main Service Elements for Customer-Oriented Live Guided Virtual Tours. Stienmetz, J.L., Ferrer-Rosell, B., Massimo, D. (Eds), Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2022 In 213-225. ENTER 2022. Springer.
  • Sigala, M. (2018). New technologies in tourism: From multi-disciplinary to anti-disciplinary advances and trajectories. Tourism Management Perspectives, 25, pp. 151-155.
  • Türker, A. ve Karaca, K. Ç. (2020). Yeni Tip Koronavirüs (COVID-19) Salgını Sonrası Turizm ve Turist Rehberliği. Turist Rehberliği Nitel Araştırmalar Dergisi, 1(1), 1-19.
  • Uca, S. & Karahan, S. (2022). Çevrimiçi Rehberli Sanal Turlara Katılan Ziyaretçi Deneyimleri: Airbnb Örneği. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Issues, 4(2), pp. 108-122.
  • Viana-Lora, A., Domènech, A. & Gutiérrez, A. (2023), COVID-19 and tourist mobility at destinations: a literature review and emerging research agenda. Journal of Tourism Futures, 9(1), pp. 21-34.
  • Weiler, B. & Black, R. (2014). Tour Guiding Research: Insights, Issues and Implications. United Kingdom. Channel View Publications.
  • Wong, I. A., Lin, S. K., Lin, Z. C., & Xiong, X. (2022). Welcome to stay-at-home travel and virtual attention restoration. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 51, pp. 207-217.
  • Wright, D.W.M. (2023). Travel and the climate crisis: Exploring COVID-19 impacts and the power of stories to encourage change. Journal of Tourism Futures, 9(1), pp. 116-135.
  • Wu, X. & Lai, I. K. W. (2021). Identifying the response factors in the formation of a sense of presence and a destination image from a 360-degree virtual tour. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 21, 100640.
  • Xiang, Z., Magnini, V. P., & Fesenmaier, D. R. (2015). Information technology and consumer behavior in travel and tourism: Insights from travel planning using the internet. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 22, pp. 244-249.
  • Yamada, N. & Matsuda, M. (2023). Not the Same as Real Experience! – a qualitative inquiry into how participants make sense of their online tours. Tourism Recreation Research, pp. 1-15.
  • Yung, R., Le, T. H., Moyle, B., & Arcodia, C. (2022). Towards a typology of virtual events. Tourism Management, 92, 104560.
  • Zhang, J. & Qiu, H. (2022). Window to the destination: tourists’ local experience via “online experiences” on airbnb amid the pandemic. In 310-315. Stienmetz, J.L., Ferrer-Rosell, B., Massimo, D. (Eds), Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2022. ENTER 2022. Springer.
  • Zhu, J. & Cheng, M. (2022). The rise of a new form of virtual tour: Airbnb peer-to-peer online experience. Current Issues in Tourism, 25(22), pp. 3565-3570.
  • Airbnb. (2024). Walk in to the Taj Mahal with a professional Tour Guide https://www.airbnb.co.uk/experiences/2978135?currentTab=experience_tab&federatedSearchId=5dc52c4b-e3c4-4fb6-a692-46532045fa91&searchId=b6614a62-3ad5-46a4-879d-25ad40797917&sectionId=59b32385-5430-4feb-8947-11d9ceb90bf1&source=p2&_set_bev_on_new_domain=1713985550_ZmZjOGEzNmZhNjU4 (24/04/2024)
  • Piri Guide. (2024). https://blog.piriguide.com/en/ (25/04/2024)
  • ToursByLocals, (2024). Live Virtual Tours. https://www.toursbylocals.com/Live-Virtual-Tours (25/04/2024).
There are 54 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Tourism (Other)
Journal Section Peer-reviewed Articles
Authors

Muhammed Kavak 0000-0003-1327-1654

Oktay Emir 0000-0002-7972-1980

Yalçın Arslantürk 0000-0003-0936-5391

Project Number 2205S059
Early Pub Date May 27, 2024
Publication Date July 2, 2024
Submission Date May 6, 2024
Acceptance Date May 27, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 6 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Kavak, M., Emir, O., & Arslantürk, Y. (2024). A new alternative in the field of tour guiding emerging after COVID-19: Online guided virtual tour. Journal of Tourism Leisure and Hospitality, 6(1), 59-71. https://doi.org/10.48119/toleho.1479353
 Download Cover Image

Abstracting & Indexing

TR_Dizin_logo_live-e1586763957746.png       |       5e5f5ea367664.png       |  pub-doaj-1140x400.jpg      | ici2.png |   uni_global_ulrichs_header.png   |   

Making Submissions via DergiPark

The article—prepared according to author guidelines (covering text, references, tables, and figures)—should be sent to Journal of TOLEHO via DergiPark.

Please, use the links below to access the visual descriptions of the submission steps;

Full Open Access Strategy

Journal of TOLEHO is fully sponsored by Anadolu University Faculty of Tourism. Therefore there aren't any article submission, processing or publication charges. 

There are also no charges for rejected articles, no proofreading charges, and no surcharges based on the length of an article, figures or supplementary data etc. All items (editorials, corrections, addendums, retractions, comments, etc.) are published free of charge.

Journal of TOLEHO is an open access journal which means that all content is freely available without charge to the users or institutions. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the BOAI definition of open access.

Therefore, all articles published will be immediately and permanently free to read and download. All items has their own unique URL and PDF file.

All items published by the Journal of Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Creative Commons License

The licence permits others to use, reproduce, disseminate or display the article in any way, including for commercial purposes, so long as they credit the author for the original creation.

Authors retain copyright and grant the journal exclusive right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal’s published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.

However, Anadolu University Press can also demand to make an additional license agreement with the corresponding author of the study after first publication, in order to publish the manuscript in full text on various other platforms (web page, databases, indexes, promotion circles and etc.).